Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To study acute organophosphorus (OP) poisoning cases, 190 OP-intoxicated cases admitted to Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, were investigated in depth. The group consisted of subjects ranging from 11 to 60 years of age, with the maximum number of cases in the age group 21-30 years and a male-to-female ratio of 2.1:1. Most of the subjects (71.61%) were partially educated, 24.2% of the cases were illiterate, and only 4.2% of the cases were highly educated. Socioeconomically, 21.1% of the subjects were of low economic status, 52.6% were low middle class, 16.8% were upper middle class, and only 9.5% were upper class. With regard to marital status of the subjects, 98 cases were married and 92 were unmarried. About 67.4% of the cases had the intention of committing suicide, 16.8% of the cases were the result of occupational exposure, and 15.8% of the cases were from accidental poisoning. Social and domestic problems (37.5%), marital friction (15.6%), financial stress (15.6%), love affairs (14.1%), job problems (10.9%), chronic illness (4.7%), and failure in examination (1.6%) were observed as the precipitating factors. Muscarinic manifestations such as vomiting (96.8%), nausea (82.1%), miosis (64.2%), excessive salivation (61.1%), and blurred vision (54.7%) and CNS manifestations such as giddiness (93.7%), headache (84.2%), disturbances of consciousness (44.2%), and typical pungent odor from mouth and clothes (77.9%) were the main presenting symptoms. Cardiac manifestations such as sinus tachycardia (25.3%), sinus bradycardia (6.3%), and depression of ST segments with T-wave inversion (6.3%) were observed electrocardiographically, with hypertension (10.5%) and muscular twitching in some (2.1%) cases. Biochemical changes such as albuminuria (12.6%) and azotemia (18.9%) with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity in blood were recorded in 78.9% of the cases. About 89.5% of the cases recovered completely, 4.2% of the cases absconded after partial recovery, and 6.3% of the cases died. The mortality rate (6.3%) depended on various factors such as the organophosphorus compound consumed, the amount ingested, the time interval for hospitalization, and the general health of the patient. Chances of recovery were higher when the patient was hospitalized at the earliest indication.
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PMID:A clinical, biochemical, neurobehavioral, and sociopsychological study of 190 patients admitted to hospital as a result of acute organophosphorus poisoning. 832 67

Four of approximately 15 dry cows introduced on a 10-acre fescue-clover-orchard grass-Dallis grass pasture in East Tennessee became recumbent. Clinical findings included depression, muscle tremors, increased heart and respiratory rates, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, and elevated creatinine phosphokinase. Three cows recovered; 1 died. Differential diagnoses considered were hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, rabies and toxicoses from Amaranthus retroflexus (pigweed), Quercus spp (oak), Cassia spp (senna) oxalate (Aspergillus niger or flavus), mycotoxicosis, lead, arsenic or insecticides. Pigweed toxicosis was confirmed based on clinical and postmortem findings, partially ingested pigweed in the pasture, and ruling out other possible causes. Several factors probably contributed to this incident: since the cattle were newly introduced to the pasture, the cattle may have been attracted to the pigweed in the new pasture and became addicted to it; their rumen microflora had little time to acclimate to the pigweed; and dry weather produced poor forage quality thus forcing the cows to eat the pigweed.
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PMID:Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) toxicosis in cattle. 968 7

An 11-yr-old captive-born female striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) acutely developed lameness and swelling of the left front foot with anorexia, depression, and lethargy. Hematologic evaluation revealed regenerative anemia, azotemia, and other mild serum electrolyte and mineral abnormalities. Twenty radiographically visible coins and 10 coin fragments were removed by laparotomy and gastrotomy following unsuccessful medical therapy. The animal died during anesthetic recovery. Zinc serum levels were 41.0 ppm at first presentation and 36.0 ppm at the time of surgery, compared with concentrations of 1.78 ppm and 2.82 ppm for serum taken from this female and a male hyena 3 mo previously. Zinc toxicosis was diagnosed based on the similarity of clinical signs to those described in dogs, presence in the stomach of pennies minted after 1982 (when the zinc content of U.S. pennies was increased substantially), necropsy findings, and elevated serum and liver zinc values. The case highlights the risk posed by penny ingestion for subsequent zinc toxicosis in captive omnivores.
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PMID:Zinc toxicosis in a captive striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena). 1123 34

Studies of 47 patients with intravenous amphotericin B revealed some impairment of renal function in all cases. Azotemia developed in 46 cases. Microscopic examination in eight cases showed damage to the distal renal tubule. Profound hypokalemia was recognized in two cases; and symptoms suggesting hypokalemia, which were generally ameliorated by potassium administration, were noted in most cases. It is postulated that the initial potassium loss is due to a "tubular leak" and that subsequent potassium depletion leads to further tubular damage. Mild to severe anemia developed in all cases during therapy. Serial red cell indices, bone marrow examinations and red cell survival studies indicated that hemolysis, rather than bone marrow depression, was responsible.The decision to treat, to modify therapy or to terminate treatment must be made on the basis of severity of disease, probability of progression, and renal status.
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PMID:The toxic effects of amphotericin B in man. 1396 Dec 86

The most common cause of ureteral obstruction in dogs and cats is ureteral calculi. Common clinical signs associated with ureteral obstruction include abnormalities in urination, persistent urinary tract infection, abdominal pain, vomiting, anorexia, weight loss,and depression or lethargy. Medical management of ureteral obstruction includes fluid diuresis, muscle relaxants, and treatment of azotemia using nephrostomy tubes or hemodialysis. Surgical techniques used to restore patency to the ureter include ureterotomy,partial ureterectomy and ureteroneocystostomy, and ureteral resection and anastomosis. Lithotripsy has been used in dogs to remove ureteral calculi. Renal function can be preserved if complete ureteral obstruction is relieved within several days of onset.
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PMID:Management of ureteral obstruction. 1522 12

Acute zinc poisoning has been observed in dogs following the ingestion of metallic zinc objects. A 1 1/2-y-old female miniature bull terrier exhibiting anorexia, vomiting, depression, fever (39.9 C), icterus and intravascular hemolysis was diagnosed with acute zinc poisoning. Anemia, Heinz body production, azotemia and bilirubinemia were also evident. Abnormal pancreatic, hepatic and renal functions were also apparent. A radio opaque object was observed in the stomach. Based upon an elevated plasma zinc level of 28.6 ppm, a tentative diagnosis of zinc poisoning was made. Following surgical removal of the metallic zinc object, a blood transfusion and fluid therapy were given to restore the normal blood volume. Heparin, Cephazolin and Raniditine were also given, although chelation therapy was not provided. Zinc levels in the plasma declined in a steady fashion (half-life = 7.6 d). Complications, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, chronic pancreatitis, renal or hepatic failure, were not observed. By 20 d post surgery, only mild elevation of liver enzymes was evident. Measurements of the half-life of zinc may provide a useful indication of prognosis and the success of treatment.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of zinc poisoning in a dog. 1548 53

Phosphate enema toxicity was diagnosed in a 7-month-old, castrated male, pygmy goat. On presentation, clinical findings included mild depression, tachycardia, tachypnea, rumen stasis, muscle tremors, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hyperphosphatemia, azotemia, and metabolic acidosis. Fluid diuresis and parenteral antimicrobial therapy resulted in recovery after 3 d of treatment.
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PMID:Phosphate enema toxicosis in a pygmy goat wether. 1553 86

This study was conducted with 3 objectives in mind: first, to identify the toxic fraction (aqueous or organic) in leaves and flowers; second, to identify diagnostic marker(s) of toxicosis in cats; and, third, to evaluate the morphologic effects of intoxication. The study was conducted in 2 phases. Phase 1 was to identify which extract, organic or aqueous, was nephrotoxic and also to determine the appropriate dose for use in the phase 2 studies. Results indicated that only the aqueous extracts of leaves and flowers were nephrotoxic and pancreotoxic. To identify the proximate toxic compound, cats in the phase 2 study were orally exposed to subfractions of the aqueous flower extract, 1 subfraction per cat. Results confirmed vomiting, depression, polyuria, polydipsia, azotemia, glucosuria, proteinuria, and isosthenuria as toxic effects of the Easter lily plant. Another significant finding in serum was elevated creatinine kinase. Significant histologic kidney changes included acute necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules and degeneration of pancreatic acinar cells. Renal ultrastructural changes included swollen mitochondria, megamitochondria, edema, and lipidosis. Subfraction IIa3 of the aqueous floral extract contained most of the toxic compound(s). These studies reproduced the clinical disease, identified the most toxic fraction of the Easter lily, and helped characterize the clinical pathology, histopathology, and ultrastructural pathology associated with the disease.
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PMID:A comprehensive study of Easter lily poisoning in cats. 1558 68

The medical records of 19 horses with acute hemoperitoneum were reviewed. The causes for the hemoperitoneum were idiopathic (8 horses), splenic hematoma with capsular tear (7), bleeding from the reproductive tract (3), multicentric hemangiosarcoma (1), and systemic amyloidosis (1). The affected horses were between 4 and 32 years of age (median 11.5 years). The most consistent findings on initial examination were depression, tachycardia, tachypnea, pale mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, colic, and abdominal discomfort. Less common clinical signs included abdominal distention, profuse sweating, ataxia, and broad ligament mass palpated on rectal examination. Clinicopathologic abnormalities commonly detected were anemia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia, hypocalcemia, azotemia, increased creatinine kinase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. Hemoperitoneum was diagnosed on the basis of abdominocentesis, transabdominal ultrasonography, and postmortem examination. Sixteen horses were treated, and 3 horses were euthanized at owners' request because of severe clinical signs. The treatment consisted of the administration of intravenous fluids, plasma or blood transfusion, nonsteroidal drugs, antimicrobial drugs, and antifibrinolytic and procoagulant agents. Rapid clinical deterioration was observed in 2 horses, necessitating euthanasia. The remaining 14 horses survived the abdominal bleeding (survival rate 74%) and were discharged 3-15 days (median 7.0 days) after presentation. Postmortem examination of the 6 nonsurvivors showed massive abdominal hemorrhage from splenic hematoma with capsular tear (2 horses), multicentric hemangiosarcoma with liver rupture (1), systemic amyloidosis with splenic hematoma and capsular tear (1), and bilateral ruptured ovarian hematomas (1). In one horse, no origin of the bleeding could be determined during postmortem examination.
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PMID:Acute hemoperitoneum in horses: a review of 19 cases (1992-2003). 1595 49

Cardiac dysfunction is a rare complication of babesiosis in domestic animals. The horse in this report showed clinical signs of anorexia, depression, fever, icterus and brown urine, and laboratory results (monocytosis, thrombocytopenia, azotemia, hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubinuria) indicated sub-acute piroplasmosis. Furthermore, junctional and polymorphic ventricular premature complexes and tachycardia associated with increased serum cardiac troponin I and myocardial-bound creatine kinase concentration were found. The diagnosis of piroplasmosis was confirmed by serology. Specific and supportive therapy for babesiosis allowed remission of clinical signs and laboratory profile abnormalities, including those of myocardial involvement. Myocardial damage associated with cardiac arrhythmia may be a complication of equine babesiosis as already demonstrated in other species.
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PMID:Cardiac arrhythmias associated with piroplasmosis in the horse: a case report. 1676 20


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