Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Records of 11 postmenopausal parkinsonism patients were evaluated in comparison with those of 11 postmenopausal depression patients. None had a history of encephalitis, stroke, drug-induced or toxic extrapyramidal disorders, or active bleeding within six months before admission. There was no significant differences between the two groups with regard to time interval from menopause to onset of symptoms, height, weight, or age at first admission. Both groups showed normal height, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte counts. Parkinsonism patients were underweight and had a shorter interval from menopause to onset of symptoms (12.4 +/- 1.9 vs. 16.8 +/- 2.5 yr.). These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that in parkinsonism, hereditary predisposition to positive body iron balance may be associated with alteration of the blood-brain barrier in parkinsonism.
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PMID:Postmenopausal Parkinsonism: brain iron overload? 93 Jul 48

This article examines the effect of a series of physical and sociopsychological variables on the response shown by Parkinson patients to levodopa therapy. Of the ten major variables examined, six measure relatively enduring personality adaptations: suggestibility, passivity, self-expectations, stigma, attitudes toward illness, and the perception of the expectations of others. Four are illness-related characteristics: diagnosis (primary or secondary parkinsonism); the existence of health problems in addition to Parkinson's disease; whether or not the patient was hospitalized at the beginning of treatment; and symptom improvement as rated by the patient's physician. Age, sex, severity and duration of disease, and use of anti-Parkinson drugs in addition to levodopa were controlled in all of the analyses. The effect of levodopa therapy was assessed in four major areas: activity, social participation, depression, and enjoyment of life. Findings can be summarized as follows: Five of the six personality variables do, in fact, modify the amount of social or psychological change shown by Parkinson patients treated with levodopa. The only one which fails to have such an effect is passivity; this may reflect a measurement problem. However, only two of the four illness-related characteristics which were examined made a difference in treatment outcome: diagnosis and symptomatic improvement, as rated by the patient's physician.
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PMID:Sociopsychological factors influencing response to levodopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. 93 17

Biochemical studies of monamine turnover and neuronal reuptake indicate that mepiprazole, a novel psychotropic pyrazole derivative, decreases norepinephrine receptor activity and enhances serotonin and to a lower extent also dopamine activity in the rat CNS. It can be concluded that mepiprazole might be of value in the treatment of certain types of depression and might be helpful to alleviate side effects of L-dopa in the treatment of parkinsonism.
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PMID:[The influence of mepiprazol on monoamine metabolism in the rat CNS: demonstration of reduced norepinephrine activity and simultaneously enhanced serotonin and dopamine activities (author's transl)]. 98 82

Improvement in signs of parkinsonism and symptoms of depression was observed in a patient with Parkinson's disease who underwent a course of ECT for depression. Empirically this patient was observed by a blind rater to show a pattern of improvement in parkinsonian signs similar to that observed in parkinsonian patients treated with L-dopa. The time course of improvement of this patient's depression was also seen to parallel improvement in his Parkinson's disease. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ECT increases catecholamine synthesis and more specifically would be evidence that ECT improves depression by increasing norepinephrine synthesis.
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PMID:Improvement of depression and parkinsonism during ECT: a case study. 101 51

A series of studies of monoamines and their metabolism in a variety of human tissues indicate that there are aging effects that may alter neurotransmitter substances. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has a significant positive correlation with age in plasma and blood platelets of normal subjects and patients suffering from depressive disorders. Monoamine oxidase and age correlate positively in hindbrain and in eight separate ares of human brains from patients who died from a variety of causes. Hindbrain norepinephrine concentration progressively decreases with advancing age (r equals -0.44, P less than 0.01) while no changes were noted for serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Hindbrain norepinephrine concentration has a significant negative correlation with MAO (r equals -0.41, P less than 0.025) and hindbrain 5-HIAA has a significant positive correlation with MAO (r equals +0.66, P equals less than 0.05). These studies suggest that aging processes may significantly affect monoamine mechanisms and be a predisposing factor to the development of clinical diseases in man such as depression, parkinsonism and other disorders of central nervous system homeostasis.
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PMID:Changes in monoamine oxidase and monoamines with human development and aging. 108 42

Two patients with severe Parkinson's disease were treated with electroconvulsive therapy for a supervening depression. Not only did the symptoms of depression clear up after only four treatments, but the parkinsonian signs also showed striking and sustained improvement. This may be related to ECT-induced changes in dopamine and norepinephrine metabolism. Parkinsonism does not appear to be a contraindication to ECT. On the contrary, ECT may be the treatment of choice for certain patients with Parkinson's disease, whether nor not it is complicated by intractable depression.
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PMID:Improvement of Parkinsonism in depressed patients treated with ECT. 111 72

For assessment of the effect of trihexiphenidil on the excitability state of the alpha-motoneurons of the plantar flexor of the foot in patients with drug-induced parkinsonian rigidity curves of the excitability of motoneurons of the soleus muscle were plotted in two variants of experiments: I. with afferent stimulation of the Ia fibres of the soleus muscle as the conditioning and testing stimulus (tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa), II. with afferent stimulation of Ia fibres of the anterior tibial muscle (peroneal nerve behind the fibular capitulum) used as the conditioning stimulus and stimulation of the tibial nerve as the testing stimulus. These investigations were carried out on 12 psychiatric patients who received no drugs at the time of these investigations (control group), 13 similar patients treated with chlorpromazine, 12 treated with phenothiazine compounds with piperazine ring in the side chain. The investigations were repeated 30-50 min. after oral administration of trihexiphenidil 5 mg. In variant I typical excitability curves were obtained and 5 phases could be discerned in them. In patients treated with piperazine-containing phenothiazine derivatives inducting more significant parkinsonian effects phase III - depression - was significantly shortened, and the excitability was raised in phase IV. In variant II phases III and IV were reversed and in phase IV a rise in excitability was observed in place of depression. In variant II in the group of drug-induced parkinsonism as compared with controls the rise in exictability was greater in phase III and depression in phase IV was smaller. The effect of trihexiphenidil in variant I depended on the initial state. In controls and in patients treated with chlorpromazine trihexiphenidil reduced the duration of phase III of depression and decreased its intensity. In atients treated with phenothiazines containing the piperazine ring depression in phase III was weak but increased after trihexiphenidil administration and increased excitability in phase IV was decreased. The curves became similar to those obtained in controls. In variant II in the control group excitability in phase III increased after trihexiphenidil administration.
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PMID:[Effect of trihexphenidyl on the excitability of alpha motor neurons of the foot plantar flexor in chemically induced parkinsoniam rigidity]. 112 50

An unusual neuropsychiatric disorder inherited in autosomal dominant fashion occurred in three successive generations of a family. Symptoms commenced late in the fifth decade in six affected patients and led to death in four to six years. The earliest and most prominent symptom was mental depression not responsive to antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive therapy. This was accompanied by exhaustion, sleep disturbances, and marked weight loss. Later in the disease, symptoms of parkinsonism appeared, and respiratory failure occured terminally. The most recently affected family member was investigated biochemically late in his illness. Concentrations of taurine were greatly diminished in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, and at autopsy, all regions of brain examined had a markedly reduced taurine content. Since taurine is a putative inhibitory synaptic transmitter, deficiency of brain taurine may possibly have caused the psychiatric and neurological manifestations of this disorder.
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PMID:Hereditary mental depression and Parkinsonism with taurine deficiency. 112 73

Parkinsonism is a well-known side effect of some calcium channel blockers (CCB). Its long-term evolution, however, is unknown. To clarify this issue, we performed a prospective follow-up study involving 32 patients diagnosed with CCB-induced parkinsonism. After the baseline examination, the CCB were discontinued and serial evaluations were carried out according to the same protocol. Despite a global improvement, cognitive and mood disturbances subsided slowly, and tremor persisted in most patients. After 18 months of CCB withdrawal, 44% of patients had depression, 88% had tremor, and 33% still had criteria for diagnosis of parkinsonism. During the survey, only three patients were found to be fully recovered. The improvement of some clinical symptoms was related to age: Patients younger than 73 years recovered better than older patients did. Our data indicate that CCB-induced parkinsonism is not the benign condition previously thought, and suggest an age-related prognosis of this entity.
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PMID:Parkinsonism associated with calcium channel blockers: a prospective follow-up study. 134 6

A long preclinical or asymptomatic period may occur in Parkinson's disease (PD). Many long-latency parkinsonian syndromes exist. The presence of early-life risk factors is consistent with a long prodromal period. Marked degeneration of the substantia nigra and loss of striatal dopamine are necessary before clinical symptoms develop. Lewy bodies, the histological hallmark of PD, occur in 10% of normal individuals over age 50. Clinical symptoms develop slowly and are often intermittent in early PD. Nonmotor signs, eg, depression or sensory changes, often precede motor signs by many years. Reduction of striatal dopamine can be detected with PET in "at-risk" asymptomatic individuals. Individual sensitivity to drug-induced parkinsonism also suggests a preclinical state. Biologic markers may eventually be able to detect preclinical PD.
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PMID:When does Parkinson's disease begin? 135 72


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