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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This article examines the relationships among depression, ischemic heart disease, and erectile dysfunction. Depression is an independent risk factor for the development of ischemic heart disease, and depression in the post-myocardial infarction patient is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Ischemic heart disease and erectile dysfunction are also frequently comorbid and share many common risk factors including age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking. Depression and erectile dysfunction often occur together; however, the causal relation may be difficult to determine because erectile dysfunction may be a symptom of depression, social distress accompanying erectile dysfunction may precipitate depressive symptoms, or both conditions may result from a common factor such as vascular disease.
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PMID:Depression: links with ischemic heart disease and erectile dysfunction. 1297 13

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a serious condition that becomes more common as men age. Many older men, however, report satisfactory erectile capacity and enjoy satisfying sexual relationships. Physicians have been slow to discuss ED with patients even in the presence of multiple risk factors. New information provides strong reasons for ED inquiry and management in the primary care physician's office. The presence of ED can reveal as yet undiscovered neurovascular and psychological disorders including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, depression and anxiety as well as early neuromuscular disorders. By inquiring about ED, physicians can better decrease iatrogenic sexual dysfunction caused by certain commonly used medications. The successful management of ED, made much easier by the development of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, has additional potential benefits including improvement of quality of life for both the patient and his partner; decreasing the symptoms of depression in depressed men who also have ED; improving relationships, a significant factor related to good health; and enhancing overall patient health. Other potential values for the physician include a better clinician-patient and increased physician work satisfaction. Primary care physicians need to recognise the value of ED inquiry and management and integrate these activities into practice.
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PMID:The potential value of erectile dysfunction inquiry and management. 1452 62

Physicians dealing with sexual dysfunction (SD) must consider the psychological and behavioral aspects of their patient's diagnosis and management, as well as organic causes and risk factors. Integrating sex therapy and other psychological techniques into their office practice will improve effectiveness in treating SD. This presentation provides information about the psychological forces of patient and partner resistance, which impact patient compliance and sex lives beyond organic illness and mere performance anxiety. Four key areas are reviewed: (1). 'Sex coaching for physicians' uses the 'Cornell Model' for conceptualizing and treating SD. A 5-min 'sex status,' manages 'time crunch' by rapidly identifying common causes of sexual dysfunction (insufficient stimulation, depression, etc). (2). Augmenting pharmacotherapy with sex therapy when treating erectile dysfunction (ED) specifically, or SD generally is stressed. Sex therapy is useful as a monotherapy or an adjunctive treatment and is often the 'combination therapy' of choice when treating SD. The following therapeutic integrations are highlighted: modifying patient's initial expectations; sexual pharmaceuticals use as a therapeutic probe; 'follow-up' to manage noncompliance and improve outcome; relapse prevention. (3). Issues specific to the role of the partner of the ED patient are described. The physician must appreciate the role of couple's issues in causing and/or exacerbating the ED and the impact of the ED on the patient/partner relationship. Successful treatment requires a supportive available sexual partner, yet partner cooperation may be independent of partner attendance during the office visit. Preliminary data from a survey of SMSNA members practice patterns, regarding partner issues, is presented and discussed. The importance of evoking partner support and cooperation independent of actual attendance during office visits is emphasized. (4). Finally, the need for more patient and partner educational materials to assist the physician in overcoming a patient/partner's emotional barriers to sexual success in a time efficient manner are discussed.
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PMID:Sex coaching for physicians: combination treatment for patient and partner. 1455 80

The association between different antihypertensive drugs and erectile dysfunction (ED) was examined in a cohort of type II diabetes patients identified in the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD). The GPRD contains details of diagnoses, prescribing, investigations, risk factors, outcomes, and hospital referrals, together with basic demographic information for approximately six million patients from more than 450 representative general practices throughout the UK. A total of 634 cases and 2526 controls were included for analysis. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of ED after adjusting for age at diabetes diagnosis date, cigarette smoking, depression, glycemic control, use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, use of histamine receptor antagonists, use of digitalis medicines, and use of nitrates. Increased risk of ED was observed among patients taking the following antihypertensives: ACE inhibitors (OR=1.47, 95% CI=1.21, 1.80) and alpha blockers (OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.11, 2.12). However, we identified a nearly 30% reduction in risk among patients on diuretics (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.54, 0.99). No statistically significant increase in risk was observed among users of beta blockers and calcium channel blockers (OR=1.05, 95% CI=0.85, 1.31) and (OR=1.14, 95% CI=0.91, 1.43), respectively. The results of this study confirm the strong and recognized effect of comorbidities in a diabetic population, but also require additional experimental and observational studies to further understand the potential benefit of diuretics and other ED treatments such as PDE5 inhibitors.
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PMID:Antihypertensive treatment and erectile dysfunction in a cohort of type II diabetes patients. 1456 30

In order to assess the prevalence and associated factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in primary care, a cross-sectional study was undertaken by questionnaire distributed to consecutive adult male attendees at 32 family practices. ED was assessed by the Korean five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). In total, 3501 completed questionnaires were available for analysis. The prevalence of ED was severe (IIEF-5 score: 5-9) in 1.6% of cases, moderate (10-13) in 10.2%, mild (14-17) in 24.7%, and normal (18-25) in 63.4%. The prevalence of ED increased with age, lower educational status, heavy job-related physical activity, and lower income. ED prevalence was significantly higher in patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes, depression, and anxiety. These results suggest that the age-adjusted prevalence of ED among Korean men can be estimated as 32.2% (95% CI 30.6-33.7). Low socioeconomic status and several diseases such as diabetes, anxiety, and depression, as well as age, were associated with ED.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in primary care: results of a Korean study. 1456 32

This study shows that endocrine and vascular etiologies of erectile dysfunction are more common in the older age group, whereas depression and marital discord are more common in the younger age group. There is considerable overlap between various factors pointing to the multifactorial nature of erectile dysfunction. Review of the treatment option chosen reveals that the invasive modalities were least common as compared with the popular vacuum tumescence device (although cumbersome) and testosterone replacement. Persons with low testosterone have an improved efficacy of sildenafil when hypogonadism is treated. Sildenafil with its ease of administration and high efficacy seems to be the logical first choice for most of the patients. If contraindications exist or treatment failures occur, other treatment options should be offered to patients.
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PMID:Erectile dysfunction: etiology and treatment in young and old patients. 1456 6

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has a negative impact on the quality of life of elderly men, but impotence is not an absolute concomitant of aging. Aging changes influencing sexual function in men consist of a decreased capacity to reach arousal by imagination or view, fragility of erection, and an increase in the refractory period. These events may be part of the andropause syndrome, which includes a decrease in intellectual activity, fatigue, depression, decreases in body hair, lean body mass and bone mineral density, accompanied by an increase in weight. As a consequence, the overlap of aging processes, concurrent diseases and social situations to which elderly men are subject, results in the great variability reported in epidemiological studies. In the same way, the complex physiology of erection depends on the social, environmental, or physical context in which it occurs. New achievements in research on intracellular mechanisms of erection and on the neuroendocrinology of aging contribute to better understanding the pathophysiology of ED in the elderly. For example, testosterone declines with age with great interindividual variability, since other hormonal changes are also involved. What currently can be easily identified is the alteration of LH-testosterone feedback alterations, although hormone levels fall in the normal range. Nevertheless, the extent to which age-dependent decline in hormones leads to health problems that may affect the quality of life remains to be clarified. Several concepts on aging-related processes have been challenged, and conditions that were once accepted as physiologically age-related are now thought to lead to medical problems, but until now erectile dysfunction remains underreported, underdiagnosed, and undertreated, especially in the elderly. Nowadays, we are witnessing a rapid growth in available pharmacotherapies, from intracavernous injections of vasoactive drugs, to powerful new oral agents, with differing pharmacological dynamic and kinetic properties. New options for treatment are therefore possible, taking into account both the possibility of changing ineffective drugs and augmenting efficacy by means of synergistic associations. This rich generation of progress is certainly contributing to a better medical approach to sexuality in aging people.
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PMID:New achievements and pharmacotherapeutic approaches to impotence in the elderly. 1458 85

A questionnaire investigating bladder problems, symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, social handicap and depression was mailed to a sample of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to elderly control subjects without PD. The patients reported two-fold greater risk of bladder problems and four-fold risk of autonomic problems compared to the controls. Erectile dysfunction was nearly twice as frequent in patients compared to controls. Depressive symptoms in the PD group were predictive of bladder problems and autonomic impairment and also poorer social functioning and dependency in activities of daily living. No associations between bladder and autonomic dysfunction, age, or severity/duration of PD were found. This investigation shows that the risk of bladder, autonomic and erectile dysfunction is significantly greater in patients with PD compared to a control group.
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PMID:The risk of bladder and autonomic dysfunction in a community cohort of Parkinson's disease patients and normal controls. 1464 95

The objective of this study was to compare the economic cost of adding sildenafil citrate (Viagra, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY) to treat selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-induced erectile dysfunction with that of discontinuing antidepressant pharmacotherapy, switching patients to another SSRI, or adding a non-SSRI. Based on our real-world experience in an academic medical center, we performed an economic analysis of a hypothetical cohort of 1000 patients taking SSRIs on a course of acute and continuation treatment recommended by the American Psychiatric Association. We used standard costing of antidepressants, sildenafil, and unit costs for physician visits within a managed care environment and cost-of-illness methodology to calculate the annualized cost of depression for different treatment outcomes. After 6 months of SSRI treatment, the sildenafil add-on group had the lowest cost estimates compared with groups that discontinued SSRIs, substituted another SSRI (switching), or added a non-SSRI to the existing SSRI (augmentation). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the physician visit was the single most important cost component in this hypothetical population and relapse/remission the most costly outcome. Sildenafil can be a cost-effective add-on therapy to control SSRI-induced erectile dysfunction. Healthcare payors should consider this when developing optimum treatment strategies for men with depression.
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PMID:Economic analysis of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) add-on to treat erectile dysfunction associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use. 1470 90

In primary care practice, it is not unusual to encounter male patients in their 50s or older who report having loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, and depression. Such signs and symptoms may signal an age-related decline in androgen levels, which commonly begins after age 40. However, psychologic problems and medical illness often confound the diagnosis. Drs Tan and Pu, who are currently conducting research on androgen deficiency, discuss the diagnostic difficulties of the physiologic phenomenon of andropause and offer a comprehensive approach to clinical assessment and laboratory evaluation.
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PMID:Is it andropause? Recognizing androgen deficiency in aging men. 1503 51


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