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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Examined the influence of diagnostic subtype of depression on perceptual asymmetry for dichotic listening and visual tachistoscopic tasks. A total of 65 unmedicated patients with major depressive disorders and 30 normal controls were tested on a verbal and nonverbal task in each modality. Patients diagnosed according to the DSM-III with melancholia had abnormal perceptual asymmetry for dichotic nonsense syllable and complex tone tasks. In contrast, patients having a nonmelancholic "atypical depression" (reactivity of mood with preserved pleasure capacity and associated features) did not differ from normal controls on these tasks, but had an increased incidence of left handedness. Bipolar depression (history of hypomania) differed from unipolar depression in showing abnormal perceptual asymmetry for a tachistoscopic dot enumeration task. Alterations of perceptual asymmetry in melancholia and bipolar depression were consistent with hypothesized right hemisphere dysfunction.
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PMID:Cerebral laterality and depression: differences in perceptual asymmetry among diagnostic subtypes. 270 61

A five year semi-annual follow-up of patients with non-bipolar (N = 442), bipolar II (N = 64) and bipolar I (N = 53) major depression tracked the courses of prospectively observed major depressive, hypomanic and manic syndromes. In all three groups, depression was much more likely in any given week than was hypomania or mania. However, during the majority of weeks, no full syndrome was present and none of the groups exhibited evidence of continuing psychosocial deterioration. Though all three groups exhibited similar times to recovery from index and subsequent major depressive episodes, both bipolar groups had substantially higher relapse rates and developed more episodes of major depression, hypomania and mania. The two bipolar groups, in turn, differed by the severity of manic-like syndromes and thus remained diagnostically stable; the bipolar II patients were much less likely to develop full manic syndromes or to be hospitalized during follow-up. In conjunction with family study data showing that bipolar II disorder breeds true, these data support the separation of bipolar I and bipolar II affective disorder.
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PMID:Bipolar II illness: course and outcome over a five-year period. 272 2

A self-report measure of changeable affect was developed, with a goal of identification of patterns of instability in mood. Scales measuring lability in anxiety, depression, anger, and hypomania, and labile shifts between anxiety and depression and hypomania and depression were constructed. These scales were then evaluated for internal consistency, retest reliability, score stability across samples, and for discriminant validity through assessment of association with measures of dysphoria and intensity of affect. The final versions of the scales are short scales that yield highly stable estimates of affect lability. It was noted that these scales are highly correlated in unselected students and it is believed that ongoing research with clinical populations will better allow for determination of the independence of these scales.
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PMID:The affective lability scales: development, reliability, and validity. 280 36

This paper examines the effects of parental concordance for affective disorders and psychopathology among the 219 offspring of probands with major depression and normal controls. The lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly higher among the spouses of depressed probands as compared to those of normal controls. The spouses of 37% of the normals and 69% of the depressed probands met criteria for a diagnosis of major depression, an anxiety disorder, or alcoholism. Parental concordance for diagnoses, particularly for anxiety disorders, substantially increased the risk of major depression and anxiety disorders in their children. Moreover, the marital relationship, some aspects of family adjustment and severity of current symptoms were significantly worse among the couples who exhibited diagnostic concordance for anxiety, alcoholism and/or depression. The major implication of these findings is that the diagnostic status of both parents should be considered in the design and analysis of studies of children. The findings of the present study also underscore the importance of assessment of comorbid disorders in parents and offspring. Although the original study design focused on the risk of depression in children of parents in treatment for major depression, stronger transmissibility was found for anxiety disorders plus depression than for major depression alone. However, the exclusion criteria of a lifetime history of mania or hypomania led to an extremely low proportion of probands with pure major depression without concomitant anxiety disorders. These findings confirm the results of previous studies which have demonstrated a strong degree of overlap between affective and anxiety syndromes. The increased risk of anxiety disorders in the offspring of parents who had sought treatment for non-bipolar major depression suggests that anxiety may constitute an early form of expression of affective disorders. Confirmation of the finding of age-dependent expression of anxiety and depression in prospective longitudinal studies of children is indicated.
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PMID:Parental concordance for affective disorders: psychopathology in offspring. 297

A 28-year-old woman, had, every month, a premenstrual manic-depressive cycle beginning with a hypomanic episode followed by a depression which improved with menstruation. The lithium serum level oscillated in a regular and inverse relationship to the mood changes, although the patient received a constant dosage of lithium: 16.2 mmol/l per day. The lithium level reached its highest value at the time of the greatest intensity of depression (1.10 mmol/l), and its lowest value during the time of hypomania (0.30 mmol/l), whereas it showed only small oscillations around 0.5 mmol/l when the patient's mood was normal. RBC lithium concentration and lithium excretion in the urine followed the same pattern. The daily creatinine excretion was usually within normal limits. It must be hypothesized that there are compartments or stores, to and from which lithium is transported, by mechanisms related to the biological basis of mood changes.
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PMID:The influence of mania and depression on the pharmacokinetics of lithium. A longitudinal single-case study. 315 25

The MMPI and MCMI were administered to 163 former opiate addicts who were being maintained in a methadone program affiliated with an urban hospital. Highest group mean MMPI scores were found for Psychopathic Deviate, Depression, Hypomania, and Hysteria. For the MCMI, highest group mean clinical syndrome scores were found for Drug Abuse, Alcohol Abuse, Anxiety, and Dysthymia; highest personality disorder scores were found for Antisocial, Narcissistic, Histrionic, and Paranoid. The MCMI Drug Abuse Scale identified only 49% of subjects as having a recurrent or recent history of drug abuse. Frequency and factor analyses documented the heterogeneity of the population with respect to clinical syndromes, as well as the prevalence of personality disorders (86% had elevations on MCMI Personality Scales). Factor and correlational analyses did not provide strong evidence of similar factor structure or convergent validity of the MMPI and MCMI with this population.
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PMID:Psychopathology of opiate addiction: comparative data from the MMPI and MCMI. 321 33

Fourteen patients with mania unresponsive to lithium were treated with verapamil in an open study. None of the eight patients treated for acute episodes of mania or hypomania showed improvement, although four patients experienced dysphoria, with two of the four switching into depression. Four patients were treated with verapamil prophylactically; one showed a mild improvement and one, a clear positive response. Two patients with persistent pharmacological hypomanias tolerated antidepressants and became euthymic while on verapamil. A case of pharmacological hypomania successfully treated with verapamil is presented in detail. A controlled trial using verapamil to prevent pharmacological mania/hypomania is indicated.
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PMID:Verapamil in treatment-resistant mania: an open trial. 329 19

Adinazolam mesylate, a new triazolobenzodiazepine with antidepressant properties, was significantly superior to placebo based on the following efficacy measures: number of subjects who completed the study; number of subjects whose total score on the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) decreased by 50% or more; and number of subjects who reported that the drug helped them. Mean scores on three HAM-D clusters (anxiety/somatization, sleep disturbance, and an endogenomorphic cluster) also showed significant differences in favor of adinazolam. Side effects were generally mild and transient; however, a seizure of moderate intensity occurred during rapid tapering of adinazolam from 90 to 40 mg/day. There were no significant anticholinergic effects, and no mania or hypomania was reported in any subject. No consistently significant differences were observed between subjects whose primary diagnosis was major depression and those with a diagnosis of bipolar II depression.
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PMID:Adinazolam--a new antidepressant: findings of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study in outpatients with major depression. 329 27

The author describes three related women with rapid cycling bipolar II disorder. Their cycles of approximately 55 days usually included 3-7 days of hypomania, followed by 5 weeks of mild to moderate depression and 2 weeks of severe depression.
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PMID:Rapid cycling bipolar II illness in three closely related individuals. 333 78

This prospective study examined the incidence of mania or hypomania in 230 patients with recurrent depression treated with imipramine. Overall, only six individuals (2.6%) developed hypomania, representing 0.9% of those in the acute phase and 2.5% of those in the continuation phase of drug treatment. Patients with a history of bipolar II depression (N = 33) did not have a greater incidence of hypomania than those with unipolar depression (N = 197). Younger patients did not switch to hypomania more rapidly than older ones, and women were not more likely to switch than men. Systematic assessment of mania, stringent diagnostic criteria, and the recurrent nature of the sample may account for this low incidence of hypomania compared to that reported by other investigators.
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PMID:Possible role of antidepressants in precipitating mania and hypomania in recurrent depression. 338 22


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