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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

If the different forms of depression of humour are nowdays well known and easily surrounded and treated, it's for from being the case for the forms of excitation of humour, though they are as numerous. In these forms, indeed, whether they are atypical maniac attacks of hypomania, it may happen that the pathological nature of psychic excitation posses unnoticed, as well for the patient as for his familiars, or it may also happen that the excitation of humour desguises with "masks" suggesting other troubles, mental or not, which bad to delays in the setting of adapted treatments. These "masks" are essentially: -- hysteria and perturbations of character, in the neurosis register; -- delirious aspects, schizophrenical or confusional, in the psychosis register. In these states of hidden excitation, the most difficult thing, nevertheless, is to obtain from the patient a sincere claim for cares, contrarily to what can be noticed in the states of hidden deppression in which the somatical or psychological "complaints" of the patients are very easily exposed to the physician, a generalist as well as a specialist, and the treatments can be searched for.
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PMID:[The atypical forms of psychic excitation or hidden excitations (author's transl)]. 3 83

In order to evaluate the presumed involvement of altered noradrenergic receptor sensitivity in the switch process from depression into mania, we explored the relationship between pretreatment 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) and tricyclic-induced mania or hypomania in bipolar depressed patients. Within the group of patients developing mania or hypomania on tricyclics, there was a strong positive correlation between pretreatment 24-hour urinary MHPG and the latency of onset of the episode. This finding is consistent with both the reported differences in MHPG excretion between unipolar and bipolar patients and the postulated noradrenergic involvement in the switch process.
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PMID:Tricyclic-induced mania and MHPG excretion. 29 43

Since neither the unipolar nor the bipolar theories of manic-depressive psychosis explain all its features, an alternative model was tested. The hypotheses are that mixed affective psychoses represent a superimposition on hypomania of a second type of depression which can sometimes develop from the depressive phase of manic-depressive psychosis, and that schizophrenia occurring in the course of a manic-depressive illness is an alternative to mixed affective psychosis. From an examination of the clinical histories of a random sample of people with bipolar manic-depressive psychosis, evidence was found to support both ideas.
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PMID:Mixed affective states and the natural history of manic-depressive psychosis. 42 31

This study suggests that patients receiving daily doses of 40 mg of prednisone or its equivalent, are at greater risk for developing steroid psychosis. Psychotic reactions were twice as likely to occur during the first 5 days of treatment as subsequently. Premorbid personality, history of previous psychiatric disorder, and a history of previous steroid psychosis did not clearly increase the patient's risk of developing psychotic reaction during any given course of therapy. Steroid psychoses present as spectrum psychoses with symptoms ranging from affective through schizophreniform to those of an organic brain syndrome. No characteristic stable presentation was observed in these 14 cases reported here. The most prominent symptom constellation to appear some time during the course of the illness consisted of emotional lability, anxiety, distractibility, pressured speech, sensory flooding, insomnia, depression, perplexity, agitation, auditory and visual hallucinations, intermittent memory impairment, mutism, disturbances of body image, delusions, apathy, and hypomania. Phenothiazines administered in average daily doses of 212 mg produced excellent response in all patients studied. Of particular note was the fact that tricyclic antidepressants produced an exacerbation or worsening of the clinical state in all patients to whom they were administered.
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PMID:Presentation of the steroid psychoses. 43 94

Steady state intravenous tyramine dose pressor-response tests were administered to a patient with bipolar illness during depressed and hypomanic phases of her illness. The greatest tyramine sensitivity while unmedicated occurred when the patient was hypomanic, and the least sensitivity when she was depressed before her first switch. The data raise the possibility that changes in peripheral alpha-adrenergic receptor sensitivity accompany spontaneous mood cycles. Tyramine produced a replicable mood and cognitive alteration only in the infusion closest to the switch from hypomania to depression, suggesting that the CNS may be particularly susceptible to peripheral noradrenergic inputs at specific points in bipolar illness.
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PMID:Tyramine infusions in bipolar illness: behavioral effects and longitudinal changes in pressor sensitivity. 49 1

Platelet serotonin (5-HT) was higher at 8 a.m. in untreated bipolar depressives than in controls. This high 5-HT was different from unipolar depressives where 5-HT levels were similar to controls but showed altered diurnal rhythmicity. Further differences between unipolar and bipolar patients were found. 5-HT levels and 5-HT uptake into platelets were not correlated in bipolar depressives as found in both unipolar depressives and controls; and 5-HT levels and platelet monoamineoxidase activity tended to be negatively correlated in bipolar but not in unipolar depressives and controls. A longitudinal study of a bipolar II patient throughout three hospitalizations for depression followed by the switch into hypomania, indicated that 5-HT was state independent, remaining constantly high in all clinical conditions and upon remission, reduced only during and after treatment with clomipramine, a 5-HT uptakt dysfunction of indoleamines underlying bipolar illness.
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PMID:Increased platelet serotonin in bipolar depression and hypomania. 56 91

The current point and lifetime prevalence rates of affective disorders, based on the application of Research Diagnostic Criteria to a US urban community sample, are reported. The affective disorders studied included major and minor depression, mania, hypomania, bipolar I and II, primary and secondary depression, schizo-affective disorder, depressive and cyclothymic personality, and grief reactions. Epidemiologic surveys that include treated and untreated persons to obtain rates of specific psychiatric disorders are needed for scientific purposes and health care planning.
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PMID:Affective disorders in a US urban community: the use of research diagnostic criteria in an epidemiological survey. 70 94

The MMPI was administered to 209 obese women and 72 obese men before onset of a weight reduction regime. Obese subjects differ in a variety of MMPI-standard-scales from the standard population as well as from a control group of healthy women: 1. Scales Hypochondriasis (Hs) and Hysteria (Hy) have significant higher values for the obese. This somatic impairment grows in the group of obese women with increasing age and obesity. In men, scale Hs corresponds to the degree of overweight but the youngest male age group (up to 19 years) has a Hs-peak as well as men above 35 years of age. 2. Higher than normal values for obese men and women in scales Depression (D) and Psychasthenia (Pt) in the obese point towards emotional upset. 3. Obesity does not decrease Hypomania (Ma) values for men or women; to the contrary: obese men felt more active than the standard population. With growing age women had a decrease in Ma-values.
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PMID:[Psychological problems in obesity (author's transl)]. 84 Jan 40

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was completed by 101 patients 16 to 18 months after a proved myocardial infarction. The data suggested a bimodal distribution of patients. One class of patients had a relatively "normal" personality score apart from a tendency to hypomania. The second class had severe depression, with associated hysteria, hypochondriasis and psychasthenia. The severely depressed patients were older, with a greater tendency to hypertension and angina, and a tendency to smaller gains in aerobic power despite an equal intensity of endurance training. The distinction between "normal" and "depressed" postinfarction patients seems of some clinical importance, for the two classes of patients require opposite supportive techniques--restraint and encouragement, respectively.
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PMID:Depression after myocardial infarction. 114 70

Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxphaeylglycol (MHPG), the metabolite thought best to reflect brain norepinephrine metabolism, was studied longitudinally in ten depressed patients before and during the acute and chronic phases of lithium treatment. Five of the patients were identified as bipolar I (prior history of mania), 3 as bipolar II (history of hypomania) and 2 as unipolar (history of depression). During acute lithium administration (first week) there was no consistent pattern of change in MHPG. Comparing the predrug period with the third and fourth week of treatment, all of the responders showed an increase in MHPG, while the non-responders showed no change or a decrease. It is concluded that the change in clinical state is the most important variable contributing to MHPG changes in these patients. There was a tendency for the pretreatment MHPG excretion to be low in the patients who went on to show a clear-cut antidepressant response to lithium compared to those who were unequivocal non-responders. The predrug MHPG for the bipolar patients (prior history of mania) was significantly lower than the unipolar patients, a difference which apparently contributes to the lower MHPG in the lithium responders, all of whom were in the bipolar group.
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PMID:The effect of lithium on urinary MHPG in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. 116 86


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