Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although nearly all domestic shorthair and longhair cats have type-A blood (greater than 99%), the frequency of blood type B in various feline breeds ranges from 0 to 59%. All blood-type-B cats have strong natural alloantibodies, predominantly of the IgM class, whereas blood-type-A cats have low alloantibody titers of the IgG and IgM classes. We therefore studied the efficacy and safety of transfusing 20 ml of matched and mismatched 14C-potassium cyanate-labeled blood to cats. In autologous and allogeneic matched transfusions of blood-type-A and type-B cats, the half-life of labeled erythrocytes proved to be similar (29 to 39 days). In contrast, type-B erythrocytes transfused into 5 blood-type-A cats had a mean (+/- SD) half-life of only 2.1 +/- 0.2 days and induced minor transfusion reactions. Half of the type-A blood given to 4 blood-type-B cats was destroyed within minutes to 6 hours (mean +/- SD = 1.3 +/- 2.3 hours), depending on the alloantibody titer. After 1 day, none of the labeled erythrocytes were detected. Mismatched transfusions in blood-type-B cats caused marked transient reactions including systemic anaphylactic signs (hypotension, bradycardia, apnea, urination, defecation, vomiting, and severe neurologic depression) and hemolytic signs (hemoglobinemia and pigmenturia) associated with severe reduction in plasma alloantibody titer and complement activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Transfusion of type-A and type-B blood to cats. 201 Mar 34

A method is presented for the production of a reproducible and reversible renal lesion in the rat by the intravenous injection of a relatively small amount of homologous hemoglobin (40 mg/100 g body weight). Production of the lesion is dependent on prior water deprivation and its severity is related to the degree of dehydration. Ether anesthesia, at the time of hemoglobin injection, predisposes to a severe and reproducible functional defect in the dehydrated rat. In contrast, injection of hemoglobin during pentobarbital anesthesia results in a significant lesion only sporadically. The functional evolution of the lesion has been characterized by inulin clearance measurements. Functional impairment occurs abruptly, within 1 hr after hemoglobin injection, and persists unchanged over the ensuing several hours. Some increase in inulin clearance rate is usually observed at 24 hr after injection, but severe functional impairment persists. Between 24 and 72 hr, a considerable increase in inulin clearance rate occurs, so that only moderate restriction of excretory function is present at the latter time. A further moderate increase in inulin clearance rate is apparent at 7 days after hemoglobin injection, but some reduction in function. persisted in all rats studied at this time. Hemoglobinuria is slight or inapparent in animals manifesting the most marked depression of excretory function, indicating that a severe renal lesion may exist in the absence of visible urinary pigment. Hemoglobinemia is evanescent at the dosage used in this study. These observations suggest that clinical acute renal failure secondary to hemoglobinemia may readily go unrecognized and that this may be a more frequent association than is now appreciated.
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PMID:The renal lesion associated with hemoglobinemia. I. Its production and functional evolution in the rat. 593 60

Strychnine toxicosis is characterized by inducible tetanic seizures and metaldehyde poisoning by fine fasciculations progressing to generalized tremors and seizures. Intoxication with 1080 causes seizures, random running movements, vomiting, defecation, urination, acidosis and hyperglycemia. Intoxication with rodenticides causing coagulopathy is characterized by hemorrhage into body cavities but not necessarily external hemorrhage. Anticholinesterase insecticides cause salivation, urination and defecation, while chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides cause CNS disturbances. Ethylene glycol intoxication results in ataxia, depression, coma, vomiting and tachypnea, followed by acute renal failure. Urea poisoning causes bloat and CNS signs in cattle. Monensin intoxication in horses lasts several days and causes stiffness, colic, uneasiness and recumbency. Salt poisoning results in depression, seizures and hypernatremia. Lead poisoning is associated with central and peripheral nervous system signs, as well as increased numbers of nucleated RBC and basophilic stippling of RBC. Arsenic poisoning results in GI pain, diarrhea, weakness and death. Copper toxicosis in sheep is manifested by hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Plants that may intoxicate domestic animals include sorghum, greasewood, halogeton, water hemlock, Japanese yew, larkspur, lupine, milk-weed, philodendron, oleander, castor bean and precatory bean.
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PMID:Practical toxicologic diagnosis. 649 3

The pathophysiology of lethal intoxication by botulinolysin (Blyn) was studied using anesthetized rats and isolated rat organs. Intravenous injection of 10,000 and 1000 hemolytic units (HU) of Blyn killed rats rapidly while 100 HU of the toxin did not. Congestion and edema of lungs were observed at autopsies of the rats killed by intoxication. Hemoglobinemia was obvious in rats injected with 1000 HU of Blyn but not in rats with 10,000 HU. Electrocardiograms of the intoxicated rats showed depression of T waves but not changes characteristic of hyperpotassemia. All the rats injected with the above doses of Blyn showed a rapid fall in arterial blood pressure (BP) immediately after the toxin injection, and BP soon recovered in rats injected with 100 HU, partially and transiently in rats with 1000 HU, and not in rats with 10,000 HU of Blyn. Perfusion of Blyn (1 HU/ml) to isolated rat hearts caused a rapid and marked increase in perfusion pressure and cessation of spontaneous heart beat. Acetylsalicylic acid (10(-3) M) and quinacrine dihydrochloride (10(-5) M) did not essentially influence the effects of Blyn on the isolated hearts, but verapamil (10(-6) M) inhibited at least the initial increase in perfusion pressure elicited by Blyn. Spontaneous contractions of the isolated atria were little influenced by Blyn (60 HU/ml). Perfusion pressures of isolated kidneys, lungs and livers were also increased by Blyn (1 HU/ml). The results indicate that Blyn caused vasoconstriction but had little direct effect on myocardium. Based on the above findings, we conclude that coronary vasoconstriction elicited by direct action of Blyn causes acute cardiac dysfunction leading to systemic hypotension and death of the intoxicated animals.
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PMID:Coronary vasoconstriction is the most probable cause of death of rats intoxicated with botulinolysin, a hemolysin produced by Clostridium botulinum. 858 92