Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Daunomycin was administered to one of each pair of litter mate rabbits at a weekly dosage rate of 40 mg/m2. Treated animals were killed when their pre-ejection period: left ventricular ejection time ratio (PEP:LVET) reached 0.4 and there was other evidence of cardiac abnormalities or when they had received 12 doses of daunomycin. Langendorff-perfused hearts from the treated animals had lower intrinsic heart rates (16%) and decreased coronary resistance (31%) in the arrested state. There was no significant difference between the basal metabolism of the arrested control and treated hearts but the magnitude of the activation component, measured under beating non-working conditions, was depressed by daunomycin. After the whole heart perfusion studies were complete, approximately 2 h after cardiectomy, papillary muscles were dissected out from the right ventricles and mechanical, myothermic and polarographic studies were undertaken. The resting heat production, in support of the whole heart metabolic data, was practically unchanged by the treatment regime. Peak stress development and work output were similar in both the control and treated groups. In energetic terms the slope of the relationship between total stress development and active heat production per beat was unchanged but there was a 21% depression of the activation heat component in the treated animals. Daunomycin treatment had not altered the work output per contraction or significantly changed energy output and hence mechanical efficiency was unaltered. It is clear that 2 h of Langendorff perfusion does not produce any depression of contractile or energetic properties in papillary muscles.
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PMID:Daunomycin-induced cardiomyopathy in rabbits: isolated heart and papillary muscle energetics. 395 96

Eight healthy male volunteers were given single doses of 75 mg standard and sustained-release amitriptyline in a double-blind, crossover trial. Systolic time intervals (STI) were measured hourly on drug and base-line days. Plasma amitriptyline and nortriptyline were measured hourly on drug days. To correct for diurnal variations, STI values on drug days were compared with values of base-line days at the same hour. Both formulations of amitriptyline produced initial decreases in heart rate (followed by a return to normal values) and a significant decrease in ventricular electrical systole (QTc), which began before plasma amitriptyline could be detected. One of the eight volunteers showed T wave depression following amitriptyline. The preejection period (PEPc) increased significantly in three of the eight volunteers (max 19%), and this change was due to an increase in true isovolumetric contraction time (TICT). The left ventricular ejection time (LVETc) decreased significantly in all volunteers (5%, p less than 0.001), the change being greater after sustained-release amitriptyline. Standard amitriptyline produced larger changes than sustained-release amitriptyline in QTc and PEPc. The overall increase in the PEP/LVET ratio, indicating an impairment of cardiac function, was twice as large after standard than after sustained-release amitriptyline (38% and 16%, respectively). The possible mechanisms of cardiac effects of amitriptyline are discussed. Our findings indicate that a sustained-release preparation may be safer than a standard preparation of amitriptyline, particularly if there is a risk of cardiac complications.
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PMID:Comparison of the effect of amitriptyline in standard and sustained-release formulations on cardiac systolic time intervals. 618 31

Nineteen patients with overt hypothyroidism were examined for the prevalence of myocardial disfunction, respiratory disturbances, peripheral neuropathy, and visual failure due to pituitary enlargement. Prevalences of pericardial effusion and myocardial disfunction (decrease PEP/LVET) were 50% and 75%, respectively. The degree of decreased myocardial function did not parallel with the grade of pericardial effusion. Arterial blood analysis indicated a frequent incidence of hypoxia in hypothyroidism. The incidence of hypoxia was 69%. The hypoxia was improved by thyroxine replacement therapy. In 6 patients examined for the ventilatory control, all had the index for hypercapnic ventilatory drive lower than normal control. It was suggested that the hypoxia in hypothyroidism was caused by a depression of the respiratory center in the brain and by anemia. Sensory nerve conduction was diminished in 6 of 11 hypothyroid patients and motor conduction in 6 of 15 was studied. In distal segments of sensory nerves, the abnormality frequently appeared before clinical symptoms of polyneuropathy. Visual field defect was detected in 71% of patients suffering of primary hypothyroidism. The most common characteristic change was the defect in the central visual field. All cases of visual field defect were cured by thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Two cases with deteriorated visual failure who did not improve during physiological replacement, were successively treated with over dosage of thyroid hormone.
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PMID:Unusual manifestations in primary hypothyroidism. 622 84

In this intraindividual, placebo-controlled, double blind study the dynamic effects of single doses of ouabain 0.5 mg i.v. and 12 mg sublingual were compared with those of the vasodilator sublingual nitroglycerin 0.8 mg. In 12 (sublingual) and 6 (i.v.) healthy volunteers, respectively, cardiac performance was assessed for 60 min after administration, using systolic time intervals ( QS2c , PEPc, PEP/LVET), electrical impedance cardiography ( (dZ/dt)/RZ index) and echocardiography (EDD, ESD, FS). After i.v. ouabain the typical positive inotropic glycoside effects appeared (shortening of QS2c , PEPc, and PEP/LVET, increase of (dZ/dt)/RZ and FS, decrease of EDD and ESD). With nitroglycerin preload reduction diminished cardiac performance, as shown by a rise in PEPc and PEP/LVET and depression of (dZ/dt)/RZ. In addition, EDD (not significant) and ESD were somewhat reduced, FS was enhanced, and QS2c tended to shorten. Following sublingual ouabain, QS2c was unchanged, there was an increase in PEPc and PEP/LVET, a decrease in (dZ/dt)/RZ and FS, EDD was unchanged, and ESD rose. By this route the absolute magnitude of the effects was about 1/3 that of the i.v. drug action. The spectrum of effects of sublingual ouabain indicates a reduction in cardiac performance without any detectable inotropic action. The effects seem to be induced by load changes, with an indication of an increase in afterload although an additional preload reduction cannot be excluded. This dose of the drug given by the sublingual route appears, therefore, to alter cardiac function via an effect on the peripheral circulation, although the final mechanism has not yet been elucidated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pharmacodynamic effects of ouabain following single sublingual and intravenous doses in normal subjects. 642 11

25 females (57.7 +/- 11.1 years) and 1 male (71 years) with histologically verified metastasizing breast cancer were submitted to mitoxantrone therapy. Secondary tumours were found in following organ systems: bone: 19 cases; lung: 13 cases; liver: 6 cases; skin: 5 cases; locoregional and nodal: 5 cases; brain: 1 case. All patients showed normal bone marrow and heart function before commencement of treatment. Mitoxantrone was given in form of a 30-minute infusion at a dosage of 14 mg/m2. In 4 patients dosage was increased to 20 mg/m2. Treatment cycles were repeated every 3 weeks according to peripheral blood counts. All patients were cardiologically monitored throughout the study by means of electrocardiogram, systolic time interval measurement and radionuclide angiography. The mean observation period was 169 +/- 98 days. The response of the patients was as follows: 1 complete remission, 5 partial remissions, 4 unchanged disease and 16 progressive disease. Side effects were normally mild; only nausea, leucopenia and moderate hair loss were of clinical relevance. Cardiac decompensation was not observed. No significant electrocardiographic alterations were found throughout the study. Results of systolic time interval measurements (PEPI, PEP:LVET) and radionuclide angiography (LVEF) gave evidence of moderate depression of heart function. In view of the optimal benefit/risk ratio of mitoxantrone this drug could be used in combined modality treatment schedules in metastasizing breast cancer.
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PMID:[Mitoxantrone in the primary treatment of metastasizing breast cancer]. 647 82

We investigated the effect of flecainide on systolic time intervals in 6 healthy subjects. A randomized, double blind, cross-over study was designed using flecainide (2 mg/kg), propranolol (0.2 mg/kg) or saline. In comparison with placebo, flecainide increased heart rate, diastolic BP, QT-Index, QS2-Index, PEP, and reduced LVET-Index (p less than 0.05). It caused a significant increase in PR interval, QRS duration, and PEP/LVET (p less than 0.01). Propranolol, compared with placebo, decreased heart rate and systolic BP (p less than 0.05). It increased PR interval, PEP, and PEP/LVET ratio (p less than 0.05). In comparison with propranolol, flecainide increased heart rate and QRS duration (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001 respectively). It increased diastolic BP, PR interval, QS2-Index, PEP, and PEP/LVET ratio, and decreased LVET-Index (p less than 0.05). These changes in STI induced by flecainide may be produced by depression of myocardial contractility. Intraventricular conduction delay may be an additional contributing factor.
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PMID:The effect of a new antiarrhythmic agent, flecainide acetate, on systolic time intervals. 661 15

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) in the young has been known to have coronary aneurysms, and then it has been recently suspected as a cause of premature atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy. Thirty-three schoolchildren who suffered from MCLS were studied to evaluate cardiac involvements and left ventricular function using two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiograms and submaximal stress test. Fifteen normal schoolchildren were studied as normal control. All these MCLS children were asymptomatic and had no significant findings in routine chest X-ray and electrocardiographic examinations. According to submaximal stress test, 8 cases showed a J type ST depression of only 0.5--1.0 mm, and there were no positive cases. Using 2-D echocardiograms, the left coronary artery was detected in 85% and the right coronary in 27%. One case showed an aneurysm of the left coronary artery. However, none of them showed abnormal left ventricular wall motion or the wall motion abnormality compatible with cardiomyopathy. There were no significant differences between MCLS and normal control in ejection fraction, mean VCF, diastolic descent rate of the anterior mitral valve, D/S ratio of the left ventricular wall, and Weissler's index (PEP/ET). These findings suggested that 1) most of MCLS schoolchildren do not have obvious cardiac involvement and their left ventricular function is within normal limits, 2) because of its low sensitivity, submaximal stress test is not so useful in screening coronary lesions, and 3) the 2-D echocardiogram works not only in detecting coronary aneurysms but also in evaluating left ventricular function.
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PMID:[Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac involvements and left ventricular function in schoolchildren with the history of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome]. 711 88

The left ventricular function of 24 patients with acute pancreatitis was studied noninvasively using systolic time intervals. Seven of the 24 patients were reevaluated 4-40 days following the onset of acute symptoms. During the acute phase the PEP/LVET ratio was significantly prolonged to 0.470 +/- 0.031 and later declined to 0.376 +/- 0.017 (P less than 0.01). The convalescent value is similar to the low grade abnormality found in noncardiac alcoholics without pancreatitis (0.381 vs 0.312 in age-matched normals). Since serum electrolytes were normal, serum cardiac isoenzymes were not elevated and there was no evidence of volume depletion in the initial stages, the transient cardiac depression produced by acute pancreatitis may be mediated by the postulated myocardial depressant factor from the pancreas.
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PMID:Depression of myocardial function during acute pancreatitis. 724 65

During standard haemodialysis, cause of calcium and magnesium insoluble salts formation, the bicarbonate as a buffer has been replaced by the more soluble and stable acetate. But the new and more efficient dialytic systems cause an increase of intradyalitic bicarbonate loss and acetate gain the latter, by a direct calcium binding or by calcium displacement from the active sites, has been believed to be responsible for vasodilatation and myocardial contractility depression. Aim of this study is to verify if the bicarbonate dialysis versus acetate dialysis modifies left ventricular performance, investigated by non invasive tools (systolic time index and echocardiography). This work deals with twelve patients undergoing standard haemodialysis (three times a week) since 28 months on the average. Echocardiographic and systolic time index study was performed before and after the acetate dialysis and before and after the tenth bicarbonate dialysis observing the same interdialytic period. The echo has shown improvement concerning the fractional shortening (P less than 0.025) and the cardiac output (P less than 0.05) and only before the tenth bicarbonate dialysis. Systolic time index data have shown reduction of the ratio PEP/LVET (P less than 0.05) and LVET less negative than after acetate only in the end of the tenth bicarbonate dialysis (P less than 0.05). These results seem point out left ventricular performance improvement in accordance with the decrease of clinical intradialytic (nausea, vomiting, and hypotension) and interdialytic troubles (headache, asthenia and washed-out feeling) probably due to the bicarbonate more effective as a buffer in the acid-base and electrolytic balance.
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PMID:[Comparison of acetate and bicarbonate in hemodialytic treatment. Echocardiographic and polycardiographic study of the left ventricle]. 731 88

In 103 out of 220 alcoholics (46.8%) with no heart disease electrocardiographic abnormalities were found, sinus tachycardia, T-wave irregularities and intraventricular conduction disturbances being the most common features. Comparing 138 chronic alcoholics with those of 134 healthy abstainers for the systolic time-intervals, the following abnormalities were found in the former group: prolonged PEP and ICT, shortened LVET, increased PEP/LVET and heart rate. Correction of the time intervals for heart-rate left the direction of the changes unaffected. Nor was the age of the subjects found to affect the intervals to any significant degree either in the alcoholics or in the control group. It is therefore assumed that the effect of alcohol on the time-intervals operates through at least two mechanisms, an increase in heart-rate, and a depression of myocardial contractility.
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PMID:Changes in cardiac function in the "preclinical" stage of alcoholic heart disease. 745 29


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