Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A non-invasive method of measuring the systolic time intervals (STI) during anesthesia is described. Using the ratio between the pre-ejection period and the left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET-ratio) as an expression of cardiac function, it is shown in 39 patients that thiopentone exerted a marked depression on the heart (increase in PEP/LVET-ratio). This depression was further aggravated by halothane, while fluroxene caused an improvement of PEP/LVET-ratio. In the immediate post-anesthetic period PEP/LVET-ratio almost reached control value after discontinuation of fluroxene in contrast to halothane, where an increased PEP/LVET-ratio (25%) still persisted. The changes were mainly due to a prolongation of PEP without any specific change in LVET. During the study, PEP/LVET-ratio showed a close correlation to the reciprocal value of the square of the pre-ejection period (1/PEP-2). STI form 27 volunteers were measured and compared to the values from the patients before anesthesia was induced. PEP and PEP/LVET-ratio were significantly shorter in the patient group.
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PMID:Cardiac function during halothane anf fluroxene anesthesia expressed by systolic time intervals. 23 94

The pre- and postoperative systolic time intervals, hemodynamics and serum catecholamines were studied in 30 patients with successful myocardial revascularization surgery or left ventricular aneurysmectomy and the influence of the surgery on the left ventricular function was evaluated. 1. Significant depression of left ventricular performance was recognized in the group of patients with left ventricular aneurysm as compared to the patients with angina pectoris with or without previous myocardial infarction before the operation. 2. At 2 hours after the operation, signigicant decrease of ET/PEP, cardiac index and stroke work index and marked elevation of systemic vascular resistance were seen in the group of patients with aortocoronary bypass surgery who had previous myocardial infarction and with left ventricular aneurysmectomy as compared to the group of patients without previous myocardial infarction. 3. At 2 hours after the operation, ET/PEP seemed to reflect the left ventricular stroke work and the depression of the left ventricular function was mainly affected by the elevation of systemic vascular resistance due to the hypersecrection of serum catecholamines. 4. Reduction of systemic vascular resistance by vasodilator brought an improvement of EG/PEP, cardiac index and stroke work index.
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PMID:Influence of surgery for ischemic heart disease on early postoperative left ventricular function. 51 68

The effect of regular hemodialysis (HD) with dialyzate containing acetate was evaluated in 20 patients. After dialysis, a significant increase in limb blood flow was found (P less than 0.01) while the mean arterial blood pressure remained unchanged indicating a significant decrease in peripheral vascular resistance after HD (P less than 0.01). Cardiac function was evaluated using the ratio of the preejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/ET); this value showed a significant increase after HD suggesting depression of cardiac function (P less than 0.001). The study was repeated substituting bicarbonate for acetate in 13 of the 20 patients. Under these conditions, limb blood flow and peripheral vascular resistance showed no significant change though mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly (P less than 0.01). The ratio, PEP/ET, showed a significant increase after HD (P less than 0.01), but the value was significantly lower than that found after HD with dialyzate containing acetate (P less than 0.05). Changes in the serum levels of calcium, potassium, pH and body weight could not explain the differences found after HD with the two kinds of dialyzate. The results of the present study suggest strongly that acetate exerts a depressant action on the cardio-vascular system.
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PMID:Depressant action of acetate upon the human cardiovascular system. 58 78

The acute effects of ethanol (ETOH) on cardiac function in 32 normal subjects has been studied utilizing systolic time intervals. Seven (group I) 13 (group II), and 12 subjects (group III), reported an average daily consumption of less than 1 oz, 1-2 oz, and more than 2 oz of ETOH, respectively. Progressively higher control values from group I to group III in PEP, PEPI, ICT and PET/LVET were observed (PEP-I vs PEPI-III: P smaller than 0.05; PEP/LVET-I vs PEP/LVET-II and PEP/LVET-III: P smaller than 0.05). There was progressively less change in these variables following acute ETOH (P smaller than 0.02-0.05 in group I; P equals NS in group III, group II intermediate). This indicates some degree of chronic myocardial impairment in group II and especially in group III, which tends to be proportionate to the degree of chronic ETOH exposure. These data are not necessarily disparate with previous reports of little or even a salutary hemodynamic effect of ETOH in normal subjects. Thus, the relative stability of LVET post ETOH, coupled with the observed increase in heart rate, is consistent with previous reports of ETOH-induced rate-dependent increments in cardiac output with unchanging stroke volumes, in spite of the presence of acute myocardial depression. The observations reported herein demonstrate the probable incremental influence of ETOH consumption in a chain of events which may culminate in alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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PMID:The basis for differences in ethanol-induced myocardial depression in normal subjects. 113 3

The systolic time intervals were studied in 16 surgical patients without heart disease between 29 and 75 years of age by a non-invasive technique before and after an induction dose of enibomal (Narcodorm). The pre-injection period/left ventricular ejection time-ratio (PEP/LVET-ratio) increased between 8 and 60% and (1/PEP-2) decreased between 3 and 50%, indicating a reduction of myocardial contractility under the influence of enibomal. Factors responsible for circulatory depression during barbiturate anaesthesia are discussed.
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PMID:The effect of the short-acting barbiturate enibomal (Narcodorm) on systolic time intervals. 113 91

The systolic time intervals and calculated parameters of PEP/LVET (pre-injection period/left ventricular ejection time-ratio) and 1/PEP2 before and after induction of anaesthesia with the barbiturate enibomal (Narcodorm) were studied noninvasively in eight surgical patients after pre-treatment with a bolus dose of glucagon. The mean difference between the PEP/LVET-ratio before and after induction was 0.06, and the mean difference between 1/PEP2 before and after induction was -8. The corresponding values in the control group consisting of 12 patients were 0.09 and -28, respectively, suggesting a somewhat greater depression of cardiac function in this group. However, no statistically significant difference at the 5% level was found between changes in the glucagon group and controls. The influence of barbiturates and glucagon on cardiac function is discussed.
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PMID:Influence of glucagon on systolic time intervals during induction of anaesthesia with barbiturate. 118 7

Induction anaesthesia with 2 mg/kg of ketamine causes the well-known increases in heart rate and blood pressure. Simultaneous registration of the systolic-time-intervals (PEPI, LVETTI, PEP/LVET = Q), however, reveals a biphasic effect of ketamine on these contractility-parameters: an initial increase of PEPI and Q, representing a cardiac depressive effect of ketamine, is followed by a decrease of PEPI and Q, indicating a positive inotropic action of ketamine. Injecting the same dose of ketamine during the steady-state of a halothane-N2O:O2-anaesthesia, that causes a depression of the central and peripheral sympathetic activity, however, results in an increase of PEPI and Q, only. Thus, ketamine is a cardiac depressive agent, this effect, however, usually being overlapped by a centrally-induced cardiac stimulation.
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PMID:[Ketamine - a cardiovascular stimulating agent with direct cardiodepressant action (author's transl)]. 123 86

A group of 125 patients (of the total of 400 patients) had ischaemic ST-segment depression (greater than or equal to 1 mm) on exercise electrocardiogram. Of 125 patients with ischaemic response on exercise electrocardiogram 83 (66.4%) patients had both ST-segment depression and anginal pain, and 43 (33.6%) patients were without ischaemic symptoms during exercise testing. There was no difference with regard to sex and age between patients with and without anginal pain. There was no difference in frequency of arterial hypertension, but diabetes mellitus was more frequent in patients with painless ST-segment depression than in patients with painful ST-segment depression. Left ventricular function was more deteriorated in patients with painless ST-segment depression (PEP/LVET = 0.390 +/- 0.028) than in symptomatic patients (PEP/LVET = 0.366 +/- 0.042; P/0.001). There was no difference in heart rate on peak exercise and in magnitude of ST-segment depression in patients with and without anginal pain.
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PMID:[Painless ST segment depression during exercise stress tests in patients after acute myocardial infarct]. 249 Sep 96

We measured cardiac functions by means of mechanocardiogram and echo-cardiogram in 93 patients with diabetes mellitus, excluding those who had apparent cardiac diseases, such as angina pectoris and cardiac failure. We used pre-ejection-period/ejection time (PEP/ET) as the index of the left ventricular systolic function and isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) as that of the left ventricular diastolic function. We compared the diabetic cases without complications to those with complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and autonomic disorder. Conclusions obtained were as follows; An abnormal IRT was noted in the early stage of diabetic complications. The IRT was not normal among the subjects even when those with cardiac hypertrophy or ST-depression on the ECG were excluded. On the contrary, the PEP/ET did not show any abnormality in the early stage of diabetic complications until they advanced into, eg. renal failure or severe neuropathy. Our findings suggest that the disorder of the left ventricular diastolic function precedes that of the left ventricular systolic function, indicating the association of microangiopathy and autonomic disorder.
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PMID:[Left ventricular function in patient with diabetes mellitus--Evaluated by mechanocardiogram and echocardiogram]. 261 9

Thirty-two hospitalized patients with angiographically-documented coronary artery disease and stable angina pectoris (NYHA class III) were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. After a one-week washout period, baseline examinations (systolic time intervals, blood pressure and exercise ECG) were performed. The patients were then treated with either 20 mg isosorbide dinitrate in sustained-release form (sustained-release ISDN), 20 mg isosorbide 5-mononitrate (IS 5-MN), 2.5 mg buccal nitroglycerin in sustained-release form (NTGB) or 6.5 mg oral nitroglycerin in sustained-release form (NTGO) and one hour thereafter, the heart rate, blood pressure and systolic time intervals were determined. Subsequently, the patients were treated with the respective nitrates four times daily for two weeks. On the seventh and 14th days, the heart rate, blood pressure and systolic time intervals were again determined before and after the first dose of the day. Additionally, after the first dose on the 14th day, an exercise ECG was performed. The effect of the nitrates on the venous capacitance system is reflected by the increase in the PEP/LVET ratio where NTGO and NTGB elicited marked actions and those of sustained-release ISDN and IS 5-MN were of a lesser extent. An effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest and during exercise could be documented only after administration of NTGB. The anti-ischemic effect of the nitrates was based on the reduction of ST-segment depression during exercise; after two weeks of treatment, sustained-release ISDN and IS 5-MN were associated with complete tolerance development while NTGO continued to exert a slight, and NTGB a clear reduction in ST-segment depression. Personal protocols documented that nitrate consumption and rate of anginal attacks during longterm treatment were unaffected by sustained-release ISDN, IS 5-MN and NTGO, but were reduced by 50% while on treatment with NTGB.
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PMID:[4 different nitrate preparations with regard to the possible development of tolerance in long-term treatment]. 392 14


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