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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is possible that some "postpsychotic depressions" may be a toxic effect of antipsychotic drugs. Out of a total of 94 schizophrenic patients, 28 developed a mild akinesia and 32 never developed extrapyramidal symptoms. Those who developed akinesia became less psychotic, but they also experienced a significant, although modest, increase in depression ratings. Successful treatment of the akinesia resulted in significant improvements in depression, somatic concern, anxiety, emotional withdrawal, blunted affect, and motor retardation on both physicians' and nurses' ratings. A high association between akinesia and both objectively rated and subjectively experienced sedative effect indicates that an 'akinetic depression' is not likely if the patient does not look or feel drowsy. The 32 nonakinetic patients also became less psychotic, but not more depressed.
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PMID:"Akinetic depression" in schizophrenia. 2 11

This study was aimed at assessing monoamine catabolites plasma levels in depressed patients and healthy volunteers. Plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) of 21 control subjects and 26 depressed patients (according to DSM III-R criteria) were measured at baseline (day 0) and day 4, day 7, day 30 of prescribed antidepressant treatment. The clinical assessment, at baseline as well as during treatment, used the Hamilton depression rating scale and the BPRS. Our data show the interest of these results in predicting response. The respondent patients showed a significant decrease in plasma MHPG level at J7, contrary to non-respondent patients. Moreover, a positive correlation between plasma levels of MHPG and HVA before any prescribed antidepressants was found only with respondent patients. The lack of correlation for non-respondent patients can suggest that the relationships between this monoamine systems should be disrupted in these patients. Significant relationships appear between clinical symptoms and plasma catabolites, allowing us to consider new physiopathological aspects of the depressive picture. The 3 monoamines seemed involved in sleep disorders. Perturbations of norepinephrine and serotonin metabolism could intervene in suicidal ideation and behaviour. Motor activity was associated with a modification in dopamine and serotonin metabolism. Moreover significant correlations were observed between items referring to thought content and monoamine plasma catabolites such as MHPG and blunted affect, 5-HIAA and obsessions, HVA and guilt feelings, devalorization and without hope items.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Plasma levels of MHPG, HVA and total 5-HIAA in depression. Preliminary study]. 128 70

This study presents the investigation of the relations between dimensions of depressive mood and sensations seeking in 55 hospitalized depressed subjects. The concept of sensation seeking, identified by M. Zuckerman as a personality dimension, has been defined as the need for the subject to reach his optimal level of activation. The four subscores of sensation seeking, relatively independent, are identified in the sensation seeking scale; they stand at different levels on the dimensions of activation and pleasure which are emotional dimensions. These emotional dimensions are investigated in the exploration of the emotional components of depressive mood; the different symptomatic regroupings, such as blunted affect or impulsivity, do not have the same relations with these dimensions. The sensation seeking concept appears fruitful to investigate the different troubles of affective dynamic, which stand on the expressive and behavioral level, and on the subjective level. As in several studies with normal populations, we find again the same inverse relation between age and sensation seeking, and men obtain higher scores on the Thrill and Adventure seeking factor and on the Desinhibition factor. Globally, depressed subjects have lower scores of sensation seeking than normal subjects (paired by age and sex); but the weakness of sensation seeking is not proportional to the intensity of depression (Hamilton Depressive Scale) and to the the intensity of anxiety (Covi Brief Anxiety Scale). Interesting relations appear with the depressive mood factors, which agree with previous studies of sensation seeking in psychology and psychopathology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Sensation seeking and mood dimensions in depressive states]. 134 Aug 5

A new quantitative EEG index based on the sequential variability of the frequency of occurrence of alpha bursts (alpha-BVI) was utilized for investigating the respective role of the two hemispheres in depression and their relationship with two clinical dimensions of this illness: psychomotor retardation and blunted affect. The EEG (at P3 and P4 referred to Fz) was recorded during rest periods in two groups of patients selected according to their scores on various clinical scales: one consisted of 12 patients characterized by psychomotor retardation (PMR group), the other of 9 patients characterized by blunted affect (BA group). A control group of 12 normal subjects was recorded in the same conditions. All subjects were dextral. The following main results were obtained: (1) in both groups of patients the right and the left alpha-BVI were, before treatment, significantly lower than those of the controls. (2) In controls, the sequential alpha burst variability was identical on both hemispheres. (3) In patients, before treatment, the right hemisphere alpha-BVI was significantly lower than the left. (4) Electro-clinical correlations were also observed: (A) in the BA group, before treatment, (a) between the degree of blunted affect and the decrease of the right alpha-BVI, (b) between ideoverbal retardation and the decrease of the left alpha-BVI (these correlations disappeared after treatment); (B) in the PMR group, ideoverbal retardation was, on the contrary, correlated to a right alpha-BVI decrease, this correlation persisting after treatment. These results are discussed according to the role of each hemisphere in depression.
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PMID:Hemisphere asymmetry of alpha burst sequential organization in depression. 258 92

33 depressive patients diagnosed major depressive episode (DSM III) have been assessed by the French translation of the melancholia scale of Bech and Rafaelsen and the following scales: scale of depressive retardation (ERD) (Widlocher), Hamilton depression rating scale with 26 items (HDS 26), Montgomery and Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS). A concurrent validation shows that Bech-Rafaelsen melancholia scale is valid. A principal components analysis with VARIMAX rotation found 4 principal components: retardation and blunted affect, asthenia, anxiety, suicidal impulses.
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PMID:[French adaptation, concurrent validation and factorial analysis of the Bech and Rafaelsen melancholia scale]. 322 85

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been associated with a series of central nervous system (CNS) complications, including focal and nonfocal neurological indications. Overall, the most common form of CNS dysfunction is diffuse cerebral atrophy pathologically characterized by neuronal loss, glial nodules, and microfocal demyelination. Consequent neuropsychological deficits present an insidious course initially typified by poor memory and concentration, along with psychomotor retardation and blunted affect which resembles psychological depression. Gradually over several weeks to months, patients exhibit marked global cognitive impairment and can become severely disoriented and delusional. Clinical research relevant to these CNS complications and neuropsychological sequelae are reviewed.
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PMID:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: an overview of central nervous system complications and neuropsychological sequelae. 353 45

During a four-week open study, amoxapine (AX), a new antidepressant agent, was administered to seven patients with pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, seven with neurosis and another seven with schizophrenia, all having similar symptoms. The improvement ratio was 71.4% in the pseudoneurotic schizophrenia group, 57.1% in the neurosis group and 42.8% in the schizophrenia group. Through the application of rating instruments, improvements were observed in the pseudoneurotic schizophrenia group in such items as psychotic and psychoneurotic symptoms in the assessment through the Springfield Outpatient Symptom and Adjustment Index, somatic concern and blunted affect through the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and depression and depersonalization through the Clinical Rating Scale. On the other hand, overall improvements were less seen in the items of the neurosis group and the schizophrenia group. Effective doses of AX were 30 to 75 mg/day in the three groups. Side effects were observed in four cases which included insomnia, tachycardia, palpitation and hypomanic state. There were no cases in which AX was discontinued because of the side effects as these symptoms were slight. AX is remarkable and characteristically efficacious in the pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, and this effectiveness is presumed due to its antidepressant and antipsychotic actions.
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PMID:Effects of amoxapine, a new antidepressant, on pseudoneurotic schizophrenia. 702 96

The most widely held current view on puerperal psychosis (PP) is that it is a mood disorder; some researchers have even suggested that it may be linked to bipolar mood disorder (BMD). To compare the phenomena of PP and BMD, 20 patients with PP were compared with 20 concurrent age-matched women with BMD, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). To exclude patients with possible unipolar disorder, subjects with depression were not considered for inclusion in the study. A significantly greater proportion of the PP group experienced delusions of control, auditory hallucinations, blunted affect, and emotional turmoil. Seven (35%) of the PP patients fulfilled DSM-III-R criteria for BMD. These results do not support the hypothesis that PP and BMD are the same illness. Further research is necessary to explore the possibility of a link between these two conditions.
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PMID:Is puerperal psychosis bipolar mood disorder?: a phenomenological comparison. 770 92

Long-term experience with clozapine has shown that the agent has a motor and mental side effect profile that is distinct in many ways from classical neuroleptics. It can produce a parkinsonian-like bradykinesia and mild akathisia, but no rigidity and rarely tremor. In patients with tardive dyskinesia induced by other neuroleptics, clozapine permits the dyskinesia to disappear in about half the cases. That clozapine may induce tardive dyskinesia in extremely rare cases cannot be excluded, but it seems more likely that this tardive dyskinesia in clozapine-treated patients is due to previous treatment with classical neuroleptics. The earlier clozapine is started, the less chance for development of tardive dyskinesia. As do other neuroleptics, clozapine can elicit sedation and asthenia, but corresponding to the motoric extrapyramidal syndrome, clozapine causes emotional indifference ("mental parkinsonism"), depression, and restlessness to a significantly lesser degree, which may be of importance in the higher compliance seen with this drug.
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PMID:Motor and mental side effects of clozapine. 796 51

This report examines prognostic implications of neuropsychological deficit for clinical symptomatic improvement. Neuropsychological performance levels are related to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale thinking disturbance, paranoid disturbance, withdrawal/retardation, and anxiety/depression scales at hospital admission and discharge in 68 schizophrenic and psychotic and nonpsychotic mood disorder patients. Findings indicate a relationship between neurocognitive deficit and thinking disturbance at admission; however, neuropsychological impairment predicts blunted affect/emotional withdrawal at discharge, after the acute psychopathology resolves. Neuropsychological deficit is nonspecific, occurring across a broad range of cognitive-perceptual functions. These data suggest that neuropsychological dysfunction may be prognostic of a more chronic residual disorder in both schizophrenia and major psychotic and nonpsychotic mood disorder syndromes.
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PMID:Neuropsychological prognosis and clinical recovery. 799 20


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