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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship between risk factors and behavioral and emotional disorder was examined in 792 11-year-old children. Background characteristics such as sex, maternal depression, marital status of the parents, and reading problems distinguished between children with and without disorder. It also appeared that disorder was related to the number of risk factors experienced. This study, like others, failed to provide strong support for differences in background characteristics among children with different diagnoses. This may reflect the degree of overlap among disorders, because even children with only a single disorder may not be entirely free of the symptomatology of other disorders. For this reason it is important to assess children for multiple disorders or at least consider impaired functioning in other dimensions.
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PMID:Risk factors for behavioral and emotional disorder in preadolescent children. 234 39

Emotional disorder in a population of indigent detoxified alcoholics from a reception center was assessed by the MMPI and a drinking pattern survey. On the average, these alcoholics had a much greater degree of psychopathology, as measured by various criteria, than found in most other studies. However, a cluster analysis revealed that the population was not homogeneous for psychopathology. The cross-validated clusters yielded three types: I. Severe Emotional Disturbance had extreme elevations on the psychotic and psychopathic deviate scales, and accounted for 28% of the population; II. Impulsive-Antisocial subjects were moderately elevated on psychopathic deviate and depression scales, constituting 26% of population; and III. Little Evidence of Severe Emotional Disturbance had a pattern similar to II but with only one scale somewhat elevated, accounting for 46%. The distinctly different personality patterns of the grouping of indigent alcoholics indicate the need for different treatment strategies.
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PMID:The indigent alcoholic: personality and psychopathology. 246 23

Pain intensity and sensory dimensions of pain experience were studied in four samples totalling 346 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 35%-61% of these patients suffer from severe pain. Arthritic pain is not automatically associated with emotional disorder. However, we met significant correlations of pain intensity with depression, trait anxiety, and state anxiety. Three hypotheses about the relation between pain and emotional state are discussed. Within one third of the patients we observed a paradoxical pain-mood pattern. Within the greater part of the patients severe pain is accompanied by considerable emotional suffering. The question of whether pain intensity is the cause of or the result from depression cannot be answered. However, predicting pain intensity from depression scores is much easier than predicting depression from pain intensity.
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PMID:[Arthritic pain and psychological distress in patients with chronic polyarthritis]. 260 94

Although recent studies refute the assumption that hysterectomy and sexual sterilization are associate with psychiatric morbidity and longterm psychological sequelae, it is important that gynecologist be familiar with their clients' psychiatric histories, if any. A past history of a psychiatric disorder repeatedly has emerged as the major predictor of an adverse psychiatric outcome following gynecological surgery. The outcome of hysterectomy is influenced more by the presence of a pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis than by physical or demographic factors, including marital status, age, and parity. Hysterectomy candidates with a past or current history of minor or neurotic psychiatric disorders should be monitored for 18 months after surgery for possible depression or anxiety. For women suffering from a major mental disorder, such as schizophrenia or manic-depression, the hysterectomy should be delayed until the psychiatric condition is under control. There is also strong research evidence linking preoperative psychiatric status to adverse reactions to sterilization, especially regret and a deterioration in psychosexual functioning. Interval sterilization appears to be associated with a lower risk of subsequent mental disturbance than procedures performed postabortion or postpartum. Since psychological problems often decrease a woman's capacity to cope with symptoms that would otherwise be tolerable and increase subjective feelings of distress, an assessment should be made as to which is more basic--the gynecological symptoms or the emotional disorder. attention to psychiatric history is also important since mental problems may interfere with treatment and delay recovery from surgery.
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PMID:Psychological aspects of gynaecological surgery. 270 Jan 40

This study examined the usefulness of self-report measures of emotional disorder in a relatively acute, severely head injured population (i.e. individuals who had sustained their injuries within the previous two years). The General Health Questionnaire, the Leeds Scales of Depression and Anxiety, and Visual Analogue Scales of Depression and Anxiety were administered to 39 severely head injured subjects and 35 'close others' who were required to give their opinions on how they thought the head injured subjects were feeling. Twenty head injured subjects were re-tested within a week. Results indicated that the head injured are able to reliably complete self-report scales as indicated by the 'close others' similar reports. The head injured seem to be relatively aware of their overt behaviours and emotions, at least when utilizing the General Health Questionnaire and the Leeds Scale of Depression. According to the measures of emotional disposition used in the present study, emotional disorder was found to be common. From the results it was further suggested that lack of a close confiding relationship predicts emotional disorder and may be used to identify those subjects at risk. Overall, the results provide confidence for the use of self-report scales as a preliminary approach to the identification of emotional disorder in the severely head injured.
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PMID:Emotional disorder and its assessment within the severe head injured population. 296 15

Client characteristics associated with outcome of group counseling were identified in a sample of physically disabled persons using standardized self report inventories. Thirty-eight subjects were tested before and after an 8 week treatment interval for signs of emotional disorder, inactivity, and social problems related to being severely disabled. Treatment consisted of group conference phone calls using self determined task assignments as a focus for discussion. Change in report of life satisfaction was predicted reliably from pretest data. Loneliness accounted for 73% of the variance in posttreatment life satisfaction scores. Other significant predictors included signs of depression, alcohol use, and constructs related to social support. Using regression analysis, persons with adjustment problems could be identified and prognosis for treatment predicted with acceptable reliability.
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PMID:Predicting outcome of group counseling with severely disabled patients. 315 16

Two hypotheses were tested in a study with 28 mildly mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed adults and 17 mildly mentally retarded adults for whom an emotional disorder had not been diagnosed: depression is associated with (a) low levels of social support and (b) high levels of perceived stigmatization. Self-report and informant measures of depression, social support, and perceived stigmatization were collected. The self-report and informant measures of the same construct were significantly correlated. Results revealed negative correlations between depression and social support ranging between -.25 and -.76 and positive correlations between depression and perceived stigmatization ranging from .11 to .44. After additional analyses comparing depressed subjects, disturbed/nondepressed subjects, and nondisturbed/nondepressed subjects, the results were interpreted as showing a powerful association between low levels of social support and depression. Convincing evidence of an association between perceived stigmatization and depression was not found.
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PMID:Psychosocial correlates of depression in mentally retarded adults: I. Minimal social support and stigmatization. 397 31

Depression is the most common emotional disorder of the elderly. The frequency of grief reaction and the confusion with dementia, hypochondriasis, and sleep disorders complicate both the diagnosis and treatment of depression in older patients. Further, these patients often take medications that can produce or aggravate depression. The choice of antidepressant is based largely on side effects. After evaluating the risk factors, the physician can select a drug on the basis of sedative, anticholinergic, or other side effects. Prior history of response to a particular drug and the physician's experience with particular drugs weight heavily in this decision. Lower initial doses of all medications should be used in the elderly, and dosage should be increased slowly, if possible. These guidelines, derived from clinical experience with tricyclic antidepressants, are presented as a foundation for selecting from the large number of "second generation" antidepressant drugs soon to be available.
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PMID:Depression and antidepressants and the elderly. 634 62

The link between idiopathic Parkinson's disease and depression is examined in the light of psychosomatic theory. A view of the condition is offered as a manifestation of chronic emotional disorder in an organic sense. Predisposition arises from bereavement and/or maternal failure in early emotional development.
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PMID:Idiopathic Parkinson's disease and depression: a psychosomatic view. 670 77

Depression is the most common emotional disorder of later life, yet there is much confusion and clinical speculation about it. Adjustment of later-life depressives after psychiatric treatment is virtually an unknown area, as is the phenomenon of depression itself with this population. This study addressed these two issues. Community adjustment of younger and older clinically depressed patients after treatment was monitored. Also, adjustment differences in self and other ratings were compared between the two age groups. Results show that there are no significant differences in posttreatment adjustment ratings between the age groups. In addition, it was found that older depressives with a longer history of depression adjust less well than expected. Lastly, older depressives (relative to younger ones), particularly neurotic ones, show the following pattern of adjustment: Less alienation, less vigor, less confidence in skills, poorer work history, less abuse of alcohol or drugs, more social constriction, more agitation, and fewer household management skills.
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PMID:Community adjustment among older depressives. 674 71


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