Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten adult patients with psychiatric disorders in the intensive care ward were examined. The length of stay varied from one week to four months and mechanical ventilation was necessary for all patients. Their experience of intensive care and their psychosensorial problems were as follows: temperospatial disorientation, perturbation of the sense of posture, hallucinations which could go as far as oneiric delirium, anguish and symptoms of depression. No psychotic syndrome, literraly speaking, was observed objectively. In the monthes that followed the stay under intensive care many patients presented important psychosomatic disorders. Organic factors are responsible for these complications, though the environment of the intensive care could induce a marked disafferentation. An effort by the attending staff, aimed at orientating or "reafferenting" these patients, could reduce these problems.
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PMID:[Psychiatric complications in patients under intensive care]. 3 Mar 49

In this double-blind study, haloperidol (n = 15) and thiothixene (n = 15), administered parenterally in emergency rooms and outpatient facilities to 30 acutely excited, agitated psychotic patients in hourly doses of 4 mg. or 8 mg., as needed over a four-hour period (total dosage ranging from 4 to 32 mg.), achieved rapid tranquilization in 30 patients. Significant improvement was shown over a six-hour period on BPRS Total Score, the four factors--Thinking Disorder, Anergic state, Excitement and Disorientation, and Depression and also on hourly ratings of 17 symptoms of a Psychiatric Target Symptom Profile. No significant differences were found between the haloperidol-treated and thiothixene-treated groups. Few adverse reactions were noted, all of them mild, the most frequent being drowsiness in six patients.
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PMID:Relative efficacy of parenteral haloperidol and thiothixene for the emergency treatment of acutely excited and agitated patients. 33 70

A large number of reports have been devoted to the physiologic and toxic effects of methyl chloride, many of which are based on case histories involving occupational exposure. The detrimental actions of methyl chloride on the central and peripheral nervous systems are well established effects. It is a moderately severe narcotic and potentially severe nerve poison. Chronic intoxication is associated with damage to the central nervous system (CNS), kidneys, liver, bone marrow, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and intestinal tract. The signs and symptoms range from the more severe medical dysfunctions such as cardiac irregularities, respiratory paralysis, nerve degeneration, and severe convulsions to the more subtle clinical observations such as CNS depression, nervousness and emotional instability, insomnia and anorexia, ataxia, blurred vision, light-headedness, nausea, dizziness, narcosis, and disorientation. The behavioral correlates of these and other neurotoxic effects of methyl chloride suggest that a gradual behavioral degradation occurs. Pharmacodynamic studies have shown the compound to be rapidly absorbed by the blood with most authors attributing the toxicity to an enzyme-catalyzed methylation reaction in the body. Despite the fact that several investigators have attempted to correlate such biological responses of methyl chloride with its toxicity, the present knowledge of the problem still lacks a detailed mechanism of action. Until such mechanisms are verified, adequate methods to assess subclinical neurological and behavioral changes must be effectively developed.
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PMID:Behavioral, neurological, and toxic effects of methyl chloride: a review of the literature. 38 67

Signs of a central nervous system disorder were observed following 2 instances of accidental ingestion of glucocorticoid in a young female Doberman Pinscher. The signs included transient aggressive and paranoid behavior, amaurosis, disorientation, ataxia with circling backward, and depression. Vomiting, weight loss, and abnormal drinking behavior persisted for several weeks following recovery from the acute illness.
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PMID:Central nervous system depression associated with glucocorticoid ingestion in a dog. 56 44

Neurologic signs and neuropathologic lesions associated with a case of equine infectious anemia in a 7 year old Quarter-horse mare were studied. Clinical signs included depression, disorientation, circling, knuckling at the fetlock and hypermetria. The neuropathologic lesions were characterized by a granulomatous ependymitis, subependymal encephalitis, choroiditis and hydrocephalus. These lesions were associated with signs of neurologic dysfunction which were the cause of the prominent clinical features.
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PMID:Neurologic signs and neuropathology associated with a case of equine infectious anemia. 63 20

The authors questioned the directors of 13 protected-environment installations on the psychological effects of protected environment treatment. Psychological problems reported included anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, withdrawal, regression, and hallucinations. Children seemed to adapt better than adults to protected environments. Respondents recommended the use of preentry orientation, structured recreation programs, steps to prevent time disorientation, and psychological support for both patients and staff to minimize the psychological effects of treatment in protected environments.
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PMID:The psychological effects of isolation in protected environments. 84 87

Discriminant function analysis was employed to study the ability of the Geriatric Mental Status interview to distinguish between patients diagnosed by the project as having an organic brain syndrome or a functional psychiatric disorder. In both New York and London, patients with organic brain syndrome scored significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than those with functional disorders on the factors of impaired memory, disorientation and incomprehensibility and significantly lower on the factors of depression and somatic concerns. Discriminant functions calculated from data on the New York and London patients separately significantly distinguished not only the patients on whom the functions were based but the patients in the other sample as well.
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PMID:Distinctions between organic brain syndrome and functional psychiatric disorders: based on the geriatric mental state interview. 102 2

To document the point that the hyperparathyroidism should be considered a possible cause of unexplained neurological and psychiatric symptoms, the authors present five case reports of confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism in which the patients initially appeared with problems that seemed mainly psychiatric. The presenting symptoms in these cases consisted of varying degrees of depression, catatonia, confusion, disorientation, fatigue, and lethargy; there was no associated bone or renal pathology in four of the cases. The authors include a review of the pertinent literature and a discussion of the effect of calcium and magnesium bivalent ions on the central nervous system associated with hyperparathyroidism. They conclude that more investigation of the role of magnesium in this disease seems warranted.
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PMID:Mental changes associated with hyperparathyroidism. 111 11

The aim of this study was to verify long-term therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of dihydroergocristine (DHEC, CAS 17479-19-5) in a double blind placebo controlled study, in elderly patients with psychosyndrome characterized by memory and behaviour impairment. Two hundred patients, aged more than 65 years, were randomly divided into two groups of one hundred each. The first group received one 6-mg DHEC tablet daily for four months and the other group received placebo. The evaluation parameter for efficacy was the neuropsychological test SCAG (Scale of Clinical Assessment for Geriatrics), administered before and after 30, 60 and 120 days. The results showed a significant difference between DHEC and placebo with regard to total and partial scores of SCAG as well as to single items (mental alertness, recent memory, disorientation, anxiety, mood depression, emotional lability, motivation, uncooperativeness, fatigue, headache, tinnitus). After as few as thirty days of DHEC treatment the severity of mental and psychological symptoms was markedly decreased (p vs placebo < 0.01), as documented by significant positive changes of SCAG items. The four-month double blind period was followed by a two-month single blind period, during which patients of both groups received placebo. At the end of these two months, SCAG total score was unfavourably increased in patients previously administered DHEC, although scores were still significantly lower both versus baseline and versus previous placebo patients. Safety was good (placebo: one case of diarrhea; DHEC: one case of gastralgia and dizziness). Nine patients dropped out for reasons unrelated to treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Controlled study of the effect of dihydroergocristine on organic brain psychosyndrome]. 149 63

All incident cases of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease were identified through the unique record linkage system of the Mayo Clinic. Thirty-nine (32%) of the sample of 122 had a psychiatric history that preceded the onset of CDAD by at least 3 years. Twenty-five percent of the study population had had an episode of delirium within 2 years of the onset of CDAD. Eighty-four percent of the cases had psychiatric symptoms in the course of CDAD that were documented in their medical records. Specific symptom patterns included agitation, combativeness, confusion and disorientation, depression, psychosis, and wandering. These symptoms occurred more frequently in clusters than singularly.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptoms in cases of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. 185 24


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