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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In recent years, evidence has emerged of the presence of posttrauma symptoms in children from backgrounds of domestic violence. The present study examined the incidence and correlates of posttrauma symptoms in 56 children of mothers who had been residents in women's shelters in Adelaide, South Australia. The most frequently endorsed symptoms among this sample of children were being troubled by distressing thoughts, conscious avoidance, hypervigilance, and sleep difficulties. Twenty percent of children met the criteria for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Children meeting full PTSD criteria scored significantly higher on measures of anxiety, depression, and dissociation. Results support the use of a posttrauma framework for understanding the effects on children of living with domestic violence.
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PMID:Incidence and correlates of posttrauma symptoms in children from backgrounds of domestic violence. 1247 98

This study investigated the impact of trauma-focused research on domestic violence survivors. At the end of a survey assessing psychological distress, abuse severity, coping self-efficacy (CSE), and cognitions, questionnaire items were utilized to assess participants' levels of gain, unexpected upset, and regret of participation. Participants were 55 women who had recently experienced abuse by a partner. Forty-five percent reported positive gain from participation, 25% reported they were more upset than anticipated, and a minority of women (6%) expressed regret for participation. Results indicated that women who were more upset than expected scored significantly higher on depression, PTSD, and number of lifetime traumas, and significantly lower on CSE. Implications for enhancement of consent form documents and debriefing procedures are addressed.
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PMID:Effects of trauma-focused research on recent domestic violence survivors. 1469 Mar 54

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common worldwide, with prevalence rates ranging from 1% to nearly 40%, depending on the population studied. The disability and natural course of PTSD in psychiatric patients have been well characterized. However, even though the primary care setting has been described as the "de facto mental health care system," surprisingly little is known about PTSD in primary care. Available data from primary care clinics in the United States and Israel suggest that PTSD may be as prevalent in this setting as has been reported in large epidemiologic studies. Patients may be unlikely to endorse traumatic experiences or may not consider them related to their current psychological problems. The prevalence of PTSD in primary care may indeed be higher than expected because of underreporting of domestic violence and other histories of trauma. Recognition of PTSD in primary care could be greatly improved if simple trauma histories were integrated into routine medical examinations. Primary care clinicians who maintain a high index of suspicion for PTSD in their patients with positive histories of trauma plus symptoms of depression or anxiety or other signs of psychological distress, suicidal thoughts or actions, alcohol or substance abuse, or excessive health care service utilization may increase the recognition rate of this disorder in their practices.
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PMID:Posttraumatic stress disorder in primary care: a hidden diagnosis. 1472 97

What is common in aggression and in abusive/neglectful parenting is low levels of empathy. Fostering empathy--the ability to identify with another person's feelings--can serve as an antidote to aggression and is crucial to good parenting. Poor parenting and aggression cut across all socioeconomic levels of the community and, as such, empathy needs to be fostered in all children. During the period of rapid brain development, adversity has a devastating impact on the baby's developing brain. Repeated experiences of stress are hardwired into the brain, creating damaging pathways. Risk factors such as domestic violence, child abuse and neglect, maternal depression, maternal addictions, and poverty are not just additive to the vulnerable developing brain; they are multiplicative in their impact. The parent is the baby's lifeline, mitigating stress for them and helping them to learn to regulate their emotions. The impact of poor parenting on a child's life is profound, resulting in insecure attachments which lead to a spectrum of inadequate coping mechanisms, poor emotional regulation, diminished learning potential and low competence. Responsive and nurturing parenting is the key to optimal early childhood development; it allows the young brain to develop in a way that is less aggressive and more emotionally stable, social and empathic. Good early childhood development leads to good human development. We must match our investment where the opportunity is most ripe--building parenting capacity. The 'Roots of Empathy' program offers real hope in breaking the intergenerational transference of poor parenting and violence.
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PMID:Roots of Empathy: responsive parenting, caring societies. 1474 76

Intimate partner violence is currently a public health issue of great relevance. The aim of this article is to present through a literature review, the physical and psychological health problems that, beyond physical injuries, can alert health care professionals of the presence of spouse abuse in their care centers. Literature consistently shows that victims of the so called domestic violence present, compared with no victims, more chronic health problems like fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome, and gynaecological signs including sexually transmitted diseases, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression among others. The broad range of pathologies associated with the abuse of a sexual intimate suggests that victims will attend different health care services. These could play a key role to help these women and refer them to the appropriate legal, social and/or community services.
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PMID:[Intimate partner violence against women and physical and mental health consequences]. 1510 59

Many individuals newly infected with HIV struggle with psychosocial influences, such as poverty, stigma, depression, substance abuse, domestic violence, and/or cultural beliefs, which can affect their quality of life (QoL), willingness to seek medical care, and motivation to adhere to therapy, ultimately influencing health outcomes. The Health Resources and Services Administration established the Ryan White Care Act (RWCA) to provide health care to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). Part F of the RWCA, the Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Program, focuses on identifying issues affecting care for PLWH. One cohort of SPNS grantees has identified numerous needs and vulnerabilities of underserved HIV-infected patients and supports the development of innovative HIV/AIDS ancillary services for them. In this article, a review of the underlying psychosocial sequelae of HIV infection and their impact on QoL is presented, and recommendations for providers to assist in improving the QoL of PLWH are discussed.
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PMID:Quality of life in the HIV-positive patient: implications and consequences. 1558 5

The current study was conducted in Port au Prince, Haiti, to determine if information collected at HIV notification during voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) can predict patients' future adherence with risk reduction counseling and medical referral. Case histories describe HIV-infected patients with signs of depression during counseling who do not return for medical care, and women afraid of economic ruin and domestic violence who do not notify their sexual partners. Quantitative predictors of seeking medical care include: denial at the announcement of HIV test results (odds ratio [OR] 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.6), belief that HIV can be transmitted by magic (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-0.9), and having symptoms at the time of HIV testing (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.3). Predictors of refusal to notify sexual partner of HIV status include: being poor (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.5), female (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.5), and belief that HIV can be transmitted by magic (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.9-2.6) In conclusion, information collected during HIV counseling and testing can predict patients' future adherence with counseling and medical referral. Counselors can use information such as signs of severe depression, economic hardship, and denial of HIV disease to identify patients at risk for nonadherence and to provide them with specialized counseling and care.
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PMID:Notification of positive HIV test results in Haiti: can we better intervene at this critical crossroads in the life of HIV-infected patients in a resource-poor country? 1563 48

This study examined the link between childhood sexual abuse and adolescent substance use among girls, and evaluated depressive self-concept and behavioral under-control (BUC) as pathways to substance use for sexually abused girls. Participants (n = 150) were drawn from a longitudinal study of the impact of domestic violence on the lives of women and children. Structural equation modeling revealed that girls' childhood sexual abuse was associated prospectively with their later substance use. This relationship persisted when age, co-occurring forms of child abuse (physical, exposure to domestic violence), childhood depression and aggression, family income, maternal substance use, and parenting practices were controlled. Behavioral under-control mediated the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and later substance use, but depressive self-concept did not. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
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PMID:Pathways to adolescent substance use among sexually abused girls. 1575 90

The purpose of this study is to examine the following three aspects of domestic violence by men against women, and to look for possible correlations between them: life-threatening situations, post-traumatic responses, and psycho-physiological symptoms. A survey interview was used to collect data on abused women recruited from the Kaohsiung area in southern Taiwan. 109 out of 127 subjects completed the structured questionnaires. The findings showed that the medium- and high-risk groups of life-threatening situations accounted for 82.6% of all subjects, and 93.6% of all subjects were in a high score group of post-traumatic responses. Among the 10 symptom dimensions of psycho-physiological symptoms, anxiety had the highest standardized mean score, followed by obsession, depression, and somatization. The life-threatening situations had significant positive correlation with the overall post-traumatic responses, the responses of intrusion, and the general severity index (GSI). Overall post-traumatic responses, intrusion, and avoidance were all positively associated with GSI. This study provides evidence to healthcare professionals that they should not only treat the physical injuries of abused women, but must also learn how to assess and adequately attend to their mental health problems.
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PMID:Domestic violence against women in Taiwan: their life-threatening situations, post-traumatic responses, and psycho-physiological symptoms: an interview study. 1596 55

We collected data from 447 women (aged 18 or higher) from seven domestic violence programs and five substance use disorder treatment programs in a midwestern state. Women who reported a nonabusive natural/adoptive father or stepfather (N=185), abusive natural/adoptive father or stepfather (N=200), or absent father figure (N=40) were compared on a series of mental health measures with multivariate analysis of variance and pairwise post hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni test. Women with absent father figures were found to have significantly lower mean scores on the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (TSC-40) than women with abusive fathers. There were no significant differences between women with absent father figures and women with nonabusive father figures on the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and TSC-40. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
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PMID:Adulthood depression, anxiety, and trauma symptoms: a comparison of women with nonabusive, abusive, and absent father figures in childhood. 1600 68


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