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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical characteristics, response to pharmacotherapy, and the family history of 15 depressed patients with mixed anxiety and depressive symptomatology are presented. Although these patients manifest the clearcut features of atypical depression, they have several previously unreported features: their primary symptomatology-fatigue, anxiety, and anhedonia-had been present since early adolescence; they responded to tricyclic antidepressant therapy, particularly those agents that increase CNS adrenergic activity; and there was a high loading of psychiatric illness, especially affective disorder and alcoholism, in first degree relatives. A relationship between atypical depression and depressive spectrum disease is hypothesized.
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PMID:The clinical characteristics and treatment of atypical depression. 724 Jan 14

Studies of diagnostic subtypes within the anorexia nervosa syndrome has given rise to the differentiation of a bulimic subgroup as distinct from the restrictive type of anorexia nervosa. The bulimic subtype is characterized by the use of vomiting and laxatives to induce weight loss; a display of impulse-related behaviours; extraversion and sexual activity in contrast to the isolation of the restrictive group; and a family history of obesity in the mother, all suggesting a subcategory within the primary anorexia nervosa syndrome. Investigation of behaviours and attitudes related to anorexia nervosa in a group of dancers disclosed a significantly elevated attitude toward food and body image characteristic of anorexia nervosa in this group and ten times the expected prevalence of the disorder itself. This is suggestive of the relative importance of cultural pressures towards thinness and anorexia nervosa in certain populations as one factor amongst others in the multi-determined origin of this condition. This cultural pressure is consistent with a disturbance of body image perception in anorexia nervosa. This disturbance seems to be stable in the same individual over a period of one year, is related to a poor prognosis and is correlated with measures of psychopathology including helplessness, depression and anhedonia. It is also correlated with a satiety defect as reflected in a failure to develop an aversion to sucrose when directly tested.
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PMID:Some recent observations on the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. 729 32

Depression, anhedonia, state anxiety (A-state), trait anxiety (A-trait), and self-reported pain estimate were measured in almost 500 facial pain patients. These patients were divided into 3 diagnostic categories: myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPD) [18], arthritis of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ arthritis), and trigeminal neuralgia. Three control groups were measured for comparison. They consisted of an normal, or non-patient group, a group of arthritis patients, and a group of movement disorder patients attending a neurology clinic. Among the facial pain patients and the normal controls few differences were found with regard to anhedonia and depression, The arthritis and neurology patients produced significantly higher depression and anhedonia scores than did several of the facial pain groups. Pain estimate ranged from 0 for control, to a mean of 67.6 +/- 31.3 for the trigeminal neuralgia patients with the MPD (means = 56.2 +/- 32.5) and the TMJ arthritis patients (means = 46.7 +/- 30.8) somewhat lower. Clinical variables such as duration of pain, help seeking behavior and total number of symptoms were correlated with depression but not with anhedonia scores, It is hypothesized that anhedonia is a measure separate from depression and may be more closely linked to suffering behavior that to pain behavior. Psychological variables did not discriminate among facial pain patients and in particular did not distinguish between so-called functional and organic illness.
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PMID:Depression, anhedonia and anxiety in temporomandibular joint and other facial pain syndromes. 730 2

Two groups of hypothetically psychosis-prone subjects were chosen from among college students who scored deviantly high on scales of Physical Anhedonia (n = 50) or Perceptual Aberration (n = 65). Scores on these two scales had a small negative correlation, indicating that the scales identify different sets of deviant subjects. These experimental subjects and a control group (n = 66) were interviewed using a modification of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia--Lifetime Version. A second interview covered social and academic adjustment. Psychotic and psychotic-like symptoms (attenuated forms of psychotic experiences) were scored on a recently devised scale of deviancy. The perceptual aberration subjects exceeded the control subjects on each of several psychotic-like experiences (auditory and visual experiences, thought transmission, passivity experiences, aberrant beliefs), as well as on depression, hypomania, social withdrawal, problems of concentration, deviances in communication and speech, and a composite score for schizotypal features. Anhedonics did not differ from controls on psychotic-like experiences but were more socially withdrawn, had less heterosexual interest and activity, and scored higher on the composite score of schizotypal features. The findings support the hypothesis that the scales identify persons who are at risk for psychosis but probably for different psychoses.
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PMID:Physical anhedonia, perceptual aberration, and psychosis proneness. 744 95

Melancholia is most commonly distinguished from non-melancholic depression by the presence of psychomotor disturbance (PMD) and a set of 'endogeneity' symptoms. We examine the capacity of an operationalized clinician-rated measure of PMD (the CORE system) to predict diagnostic assignment to 'melancholic/endogenous' classes by the DSM-III-R and Newcastle systems. Examining a pre-established CORE cut-off score (> or = 8) against independent diagnostic assignment, PMD was present in 51% of those assigned as melancholic by DSM-III-R, and 85% of those assigned as endogenous by the Newcastle system, quantifying the extent to which it is 'necessary' to the two definitions of 'melancholia'. Additionally, multivariate analyses established that the addition of a refined set of historically suggested endogeneity symptoms added only slightly to overall discrimination of melancholic and non-melancholic depressives. While only few endogeneity symptoms independent of psychomotor disturbance were suggested, their specific relevance varied against system definition of melancholia (appetite/weight loss and terminal insomnia being identified for DSM-III-R; anhedonia for Newcastle; and diurnal variation in mood and energy for both systems). Results allow consideration of the relative importance of two domains (psychomotor disturbance and 'endogeneity' symptoms) to clinical definition of melancholia, and have the potential to assist both classification and pursuit of neurobiological determinants. We interpret findings as suggesting a 'core and mantle' model for conceptualizing the clinical features of melancholia, with psychomotor disturbance as the core and with independent endogeneity symptoms as only a thin mantle.
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PMID:Sub-typing depression, I. Is psychomotor disturbance necessary and sufficient to the definition of melancholia? 748 Apr 59

Language comprehension, measured by the Luria-Nebraska Relational Concepts Factor Scale, was evaluated twice in 15 male DSM-III-R schizophrenic patients during a controlled double-blind haloperidol maintenance (without anticholinergics) and placebo replacement protocol. Fifteen male normal controls were tested once. Patients and controls were matched on age and education. Language comprehension was significantly reduced in patients under both pharmacologic conditions, as compared with controls. Patients' comprehension accuracy did not differ significantly between neuroleptic-treatment and placebo replacement conditions. Patients' comprehension accuracy was independent of positive symptoms, anxiety-depression, measures of clinical course, and CSF and plasma monoamines. Comprehension accuracy was also not associated with patients' educational level or WAIS-R measures of their intellectual and short-term memory functioning. Patients' comprehension performance was significantly associated only with the negative symptom anhedonia-asociality during haloperidol maintenance. Thus, language comprehension in schizophrenic patients was independent of changes in pharmacologic treatment and the positive symptoms of psychosis. Results suggest language comprehension may represent a stable or trait characteristic in schizophrenia.
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PMID:Language comprehension in schizophrenia: trait or state indicator? 749 22

Hypothalamo-pituitary axis disturbances, such as plasma cortisol escape after dexamethasone (DXM) administration or blunted TSH response to TRH, and sleep architecture abnormalities such as shortened REM latency are frequently encountered in depressive disorders. These anomalies only occur in a subgroup of depressed patients and could thus identify a biological or endogenous component to depressive illness. Several definitions of this endogenous depression have been proposed. In this regard, using biological criteria, the Newcastle scale remains the strongest validated clinical definition. In this study, 93 patients (58 women and 35 men) aged 15-79 years (mean: 42) who complained about a depressed mood were admitted for biological investigations (DXM and TRH tests, sleep EEG recording) after a drug wash-out period of at least 10 days. Patients were assessed with the Newcastle scale and diagnosed with RDC using the SADS. After the effects of age, gender and severity of illness were controlled for, multiple regression analyses showed that depressive pychomotor activity and weight loss were the 2 items of the Newcastle scale most contributing to explain the variances of the neuroendocrine tests results. Moreover, when the sample was dichotomized according to the presence of these 2 items, the 2 groups had significantly different post DXM cortisol values, TSH levels after TRH and REM latency values. The 2 groups (biological and non-biological) were then characterized using 16 depressive symptoms more frequently cited in 15 operational definitions of endogenous depression. A logistic regression analysis showed that weight loss, anhedonia, early awakening, and morning worsening of mood were the 4 symptoms that best distinguished biological from non-biological patients group. These symptoms could reflect biological abnormalities in depression and form the core of the endogenous depression.
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PMID:[Quantitative psychopathology of depression: application of the Newcastle Scale]. 750 47

The French abbreviated form of the sensation-seeking scale was given to 183 hospitalized depressed subjects meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for major depression. Depressed subjects, men and women, scored significantly lower than controls from the general population, paired as to age and sex, on all of the subscales. There was no relationship to the intensity of depression and anxiety. Relationships between emotional disturbances and sensation-seeking were differentiated according to the specificity of each subscale and to age and sex. There was no significant difference between baseline and after-treatment sensation-seeking scores and subjects at discharge still scored significantly lower than controls. Hypotheses on evolution at a later date after the hospitalization are made. The finding of positive relationships for some subjects between sensation-seeking and anhedonia is interpreted in regard to a compensatory process.
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PMID:Sensation-seeking and emotional disturbances in depression: relationships and evolution. 756 May 50

Dynamics of appearance and maintenance of emotional-behavioural disorders in male Wistar rats was studied on and after repeated neurotoxin MPTP injection at a dose of 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily for 18 days MPTP caused suppression of locomotion and rearing in open field test, decrease of daily liquid consumption and lowering of preference for the sucrose over water, increase of immobility time and depression index simultaneously with disadaptation in forced swimming test. Behavioural alterations were maintained for not less than a week after abolition of MPTP injection. Data improved the appearance and development of the state of decreased motivation simultaneously with anhedonia and behavioural despair in rats in response to MPTP injection. The state can be considered as a new model of DA-depended depression-like syndrome in rats.
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PMID:[A new model of an experimental depressive syndrome in rats induced by the systemic administration to the animals of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine]. 759 34

Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stressors (CMS) has previously been found to reduce the consumption of palatable, sweet solutions in rats. In the present study, the utility of this procedure was assessed in mice. Male AP mice subjected to CMS showed reduced consumption of a 2% or 4% sucrose solution. This effect was reversed by chronic (3 weeks) treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine (20 mg/kg per day). These results extend previous reports of a generalized decrease in sensitivity to reward (anhedonia) in rats caused by CMS and the efficacy of antidepressant treatment in this paradigm. Chronic unpredictable mild stress in mice appears to provide a realistic animal model of depression.
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PMID:Attenuation of sucrose consumption in mice by chronic mild stress and its restoration by imipramine. 760 47


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