Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three young infants with protracted diarrhea and malnutrition were successfully treated by means of intravenous nutrition, which included infusions of fat emulsion (Intralipid) and of fresh frozen plasma. Three to five weeks after termination of intravenous feeding, and after full recovery, they developed pneumococcal septicemia and meningitis. One infant died, and postmortem examination showed diffuse deposition of "intravenous fat pigment" in hepatocytes and in reticuloendothelial cells. In the two infants who recovered, follow-up studies did not disclose any primary derangement of immunologic function. We propose that the infused fat may have caused a temporary depression of immunologic defense mechanisms, predisposing these infants to the pneumococcal infection; the delay in onset of the infection might be attributed to a short-lasting protective effect of fresh frozen plasma which was included in the intravenous feeding regimen.
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PMID:Pneumococcal meningitis following parenteral alimentation in infants. 642 99

Aflatoxins are common environmental hazards in all the underdeveloped countries of the tropics where they commonly contaminate food. They are toxic to most species of animals and are among the most powerful carcinogenic agents known. The liver is the principal target for toxicity. Metabolic derangements caused by aflatoxins include depression of protein and enzyme synthesis, disorder of lipid metabolism and immunological suppression. The aetiology and pathogenesis of kwashiorkor remains somewhat obscure. Similarities in the geographical and climatic prevalence of kwashiorkor and aflatoxins and similarities in the metabolic derangements caused by aflatoxins and those observed in kwashiorkor, prompted investigation of the relationship between aflatoxin and kwashiorkor in the Sudan and elsewhere in Africa. Analysis of foods from markets and in homes revealed widespread aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxins were found more frequently and at higher concentrations in the serum of children with kwashiorkor than in those with other types of malnutrition or in normal children. Aflatoxicol, a metabolite of aflatoxin B1 was detected in serum in kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor but not in normally nourished children and only once in marasmus. Autopsy liver samples from West and Southern Africa have shown aflatoxins in all cases of kwashiorkor but not in marasmus. These findings establish relationships between aflatoxin and kwashiorkor the nature of which remains obscure but includes the possibility of a causal association.
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PMID:The influence of aflatoxins on child health in the tropics with particular reference to kwashiorkor. 643 91

The rate of albumin synthesis has been estimated in hepatocytes prepared from groups of rats maintained on diets of different protein content. These diets were fed either ad libitum or at 50% restriction of ad libitum consumption. The data show that the physiological capacity of hepatocytes to synthesize albumin varies with dietary intake. Albumin production by cells prepared from animals fed ad libitum was directly related to the protein energy:total energy ratio of the food. Restricting consumption of the control diet to 50% of ad libitum intake did not reduce albumin synthesis rates, and similar restriction of the low protein diets ameliorated some of the depression in albumin production observed in hepatocytes isolated from animals fed the same diets ad libitum. The results are discussed with reference to the occurrence of hypoalbuminaemia in children with protein-energy malnutrition.
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PMID:Albumin-synthesizing capacity of hepatocytes isolated from rats fed diets differing in protein and energy content. 648 20

A 1 4/12 years old boy after having been ill with measles developed gingivostomatitis ulcero-gangrenosa, a disease known as noma in tropical countries. This rare disease usually occurs during severe depression of the immunologic defence like with measles, malnutrition, malignant neoplasmas or chemotherapy, and is caused by a local infection with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, which usually are part of the normal oral flora. The course of the disease is characterized by an initially edematous swelling of the face followed by ulcerations of the gingiva, progressing as an ulcerophlegmatous inflammation of the oro-facial tissue and finally causing mutilating destruction. Vigorous general and antibiotic treatment has improved the previously poor prognosis.
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PMID:[Noma]. 663 44

Investigated the convergent and discriminant validity of the anhedonia construct using a multivariable-multimethod design. The 100 subjects displayed a wide range of scores on the Physical Anhedonia Scale, many comparable to the original validation sample of diagnosed schizophrenics. Twenty-one variables were assessed by tests, 16 by subject self-ratings and 16 by peer ratings of the subject. The resultant intercorrelation matrix was analyzed by Golding and Seidman's (1974) two-step principal components procedure. Five of the six second-order components showed good and conceptually meaningful cross method convergence and were named: Pleasureless Introversion, Neurotic Maladjustment, Dependency, Hedonic Deficit #1, Hedonic Deficit #2, and Coarctation. Hedonic Deficits #1 and #2 were shown to be independent from neuroticism, depression, and guilt. The high degree of relationship between anhedonia and introversion, long suggested by clinicians, is confirmed and discussed. Notes on the construct validity of Chapman et al.'s (1976) Physical and Social Anhedonia Scales and Watson et al.'s (1970) MMPI Anhedonia Scale are included.
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PMID:Anhedonia: a construct validation approach. 664 29

Neurotoxic properties of acrylamide and seven related compounds in rats were studied with regard to the effects on rotarod performance, morphology of nerves and neurotubulin. Compounds used in the present study were acrylamide, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, crotonamide, diacetone acrylamide, and N-tert-butylacrylamide. Animals were given chemicals in their drinking water for 90 days. Deficit of rotarod performance was produced by five compounds; acrylamide, N-hydroxymethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, methacrylamide, and N-methylacrylamide. Morphological changes in tibial and sural nerves, such as shrinkage and loss of myelinated fibres, myelin retraction, and corrugated myelin sheaths, were observed after treatment with these five compounds. Depression of the [3H]colchicine-binding to neurotubulin (the soluble protein) of sciatic nerves was detected after giving these five compounds. After acrylamide dosing, the depression progressed with time. A significant reduction of the colchicine-binding to neurotubulin was also detected in the spinal cord of both the cervical and the lumbar regions, but neither in the brain nor the cerebellum.
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PMID:Neurotoxicity of acrylamide and related compounds in rats. Effects on rotarod performance, morphology of nerves and neurotubulin. 666 Oct 30

The premenstrual symptom complex many women experience in a moderate to severe form can be divided into four subgroups. Because there is more than one syndrome and nervous tension is one of the most common symptoms, the term premenstrual tension syndromes (PMTS) is used. The most common subgroup, PMT-A, consists of premenstrual anxiety, irritability and nervous tension, sometimes expressed in behavior patterns detrimental to self, family and society. Elevated blood estrogen and low progesterone have been observed in this subgroup. Administration of vitamin B6 at doses of 200-800 mg/day reduces blood estrogen, increases progesterone and results in improved symptoms under double-blind conditions. Women in this subgroup consume an excessive amount of dairy products and refined sugar, and progesterone may be of value in them. The second-most-common subgroup, PMT-H, is associated with symptoms of water and salt retention, abdominal bloating, mastalgia and weight gain. The severe form of PMT-H is associated with elevated serum aldosterone. Vitamin B6 at high dosage suppresses aldosterone and results in diuresis and clinical improvement. Vitamin E helps the breast symptoms. Methylxanthines and nicotine should be curtailed and sodium limited to 3 gm/day. PMT-C is characterized by premenstrual craving for sweets, increased appetite and indulgence in eating refined sugar followed by palpitation, fatigue, fainting spells, headache and sometimes the shakes. PMT-C patients have increased carbohydrate tolerance and low red-cell magnesium. Adequate magnesium replacement results in improved glucose tolerance tests and decreased PMT-C symptoms. Deficiency of the prostaglandin PGE1 may also be involved in PMT-C. PMT-D is the least common but most dangerous because suicide is most frequent in this subgroup. The symptoms are depression, withdrawal, insomnia, forgetfulness and confusion. In ten PMT-D patients the mean blood estrogen was lower and the mean blood progesterone higher than normal during the midluteal phase. Elevated adrenal androgens are observed in some hirsute PMT-D patients. Two PMT-D patients with normal blood progesterone and estrogens had high lead levels in hair tissue and chronic lead intoxication. This subgroups needs careful medical attention when the symptoms are severe. Therapy should be individualized according to the results of the evaluation.
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PMID:Nutritional factors in the etiology of the premenstrual tension syndromes. 668 67

Eighty-one geriatric consultations conducted on behalf of 71 patients (mean patient age 78 years, range 59-99; M34 , F37 ) at San Francisco General Hospital were analyzed. Seventy-nine per cent of requests were for medical or psychiatric evaluation; 19 per cent social; and 3 per cent rehabilitation. The authors made 50 new diagnoses, many of which identified conditions that adversely affected patients' functional levels, including cardiovascular disorders (8), medication effects (8), malnutrition (7), misdiagnosis of dementia (7), and gait disorders (4). Recommendations focused on treating those conditions whose alleviation could improve self-care ability: medication adjustment (62 per cent), management of dementia, delirium, or depression (59 per cent), rehabilitation (32 per cent), and treatment of malnutrition (30 per cent). Geriatric consultations resulted in rerouting 18 patients (51 per cent) from nursing homes to lower levels of care. Fourteen of these eventually returned home. By focusing on reversible conditions that affect patients' functional levels, geriatric consultation can improve the management of elderly patients and prevent unnecessary nursing home placement.
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PMID:Geriatric consultation: a functional approach. 671 62

Epidemiological data indicate that life style, including dietary "imbalances", play a major role in etiology of human cancers. Although two thirds of the world population suffer from varying grades of protein-caloric malnutrition (PCM) today, no consistent pattern is found to be associated wih PCM both in man and laboratory animals. At the tissue level, depression of cellular proliferation by prolongation of DNA-synthetic phase is a characteristic lesion of PCM. Due to changes in liver mixed function oxidases, metabolism of drugs is affected. The cell-mediated immunity is depressed and there is a defective mobilisation of macrophages. These alterations would modulate carcinogenesis; some tend to enhance, while others inhibit tumorigenesis. The balance of evidence suggest that PCM is unlikely to have dominant modulating influence on carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Implications of malnutrition in chemical carcinogenesis. 678 74

Phagocytic host defence mechanisms require both normally functioning cells and humoral factors. For example, activated complement components and/or specific immunoglobulin are essential for effective ingestion and killing of bacteria by neutrophils, and complement is especially important early in infection, before specific antibody has been produced. Abnormalities of serum complement have previously been reported in malnutrition, and the present study investigated the levels of serum opsonins in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).Opsonic activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was depressed in acute PEM patients, but recovered to higher levels with treatment. This depression was detected only when low concentrations of serum (10-20 ml/litre) were used. Marked and persistent opsonin deficiencies were associated with poor clinical response. Reduced opsonic activity may adversely affect host defence mechanisms and contribute to morbidity and mortality from pyogenic infections in PEM. Replacement therapy with fresh or fresh frozen plasma might restore opsonic activity in these patients and reduce the risk of septicaemia and its attendant high mortality.
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PMID:Serum opsonic activity in acute protein-energy malnutrition. 680 7


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