Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum somatomedin activity (SM-act) and cartilage metabolism were compared in acutely fasted, marasmic (M), and marasmic kwashiorkor (MK) rats. SM-act was estimated in the porcine bioassay. In vitro uptake of [35S]sulfate and [3H]methylthymidine in costal cartilage of the experimental animals during an incubation in medium immediately after sacrifice, called endogenous activity, and the effect of incubation in 20% normal human plasma after a preincubation of 22 h in medium only, called plasma responsiveness", were determined. Acutely fasted rats had lowered SM-act and a circulating heat-labile inhibitor. Endogenous activity and responsiveness of cartilage were depressed. MK rats (fed ad libitum a 0.5% casein, isocaloric food) showed a profound depression of growth and cartilage endogenous activity despite only partially reduced SM-act and increased responsiveness. M rats received normal food and were pair-fed with MK rats, consuming approximately 0.08 g/g BW . day. They showed very depressed SM-act and low endogenous activity, and responsiveness was increased, though less than in the MK rats. On refeeding M rats, SM-act and cartilage responsiveness increased, followed by an increase of endogenous activity. Catch-up growth was best related to [3H]methylthymidine incorporation by cartilage (endogenous activity). In conclusion, these two types of experimental chronic malnutrition induce a more diversified pattern than does acute fasting. During malnutrition, cartilage metabolism does not reflect bioassayable SM-act of serum but rather the other effects of the nutritional insult. On refeeding, the expected relationship of SM-act and cartilage metabolism is rapidly restored.
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PMID:Serum somatomedin activity and cartilage metabolism in acutely fasted, chronically malnourished, and refed rats. 46 43

Nine patients with malignancy requiring chemotherapy were evaluated before, during, and in the recovery phase of their antineoplastic regimen with selected absorptive studies and jejunal biopsies. Depression of the crypt mitoses occurred without change in the indices of absorption. The mitotic indices returned to pretreatment counts on the recovery phase biopsies. Even after prolonged therapy, restudy in three of the patients failed to demonstrate clinical malabsorption. We conclude that chemotherapy-related malabsorption does not contribute to overall malnutrition of cancer patients during the first months of treatment.
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PMID:Chemotherapeutic alteration of small intestinal morphology and function: a progress report. 55 95

Serum folate and B12 estimations were carried out on 272 admissions to a psychiatric unit during 1972 and 1973. 21.3% had serum folate below 2 ng/ml and 26.1% serum B12 below 150 pg/ml. The organic psychosis patients had a significantly lower mean B12 than the others, and were over-represented among the low B12 group. Low B12 status was also associated with low RBC and WBC. Low folate status was linked with depression, malnutrition, physical illness and low Hb, RBC and WBC. There were more chronic alcoholics than others with serum folate greater than 4-9 ng/ml, low RBC and macrocytosis. The presence of one or more haematological abnormalities (macrocytosis, low Hb, low RBC or low WBC) predicted low folate in 76%, and low B12 in 79%, but these were also found in 40% of the normal folate and 41% of the normal B12 patients. Macrocytosis may prove to be a reliable sign of alcoholic abuse.
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PMID:Serum folic acid and B12 in 272 psychiatric in-patients. 63 65

Studies were conducted in young guinea pigs to determine the effects of malnutrition on selected variables of host resistance. Malnutrition was produced differently in two experiments. In the first the quantity of a standard, normal diet was reduced progressively so that test groups were fed 25% less each week over a 4 week period. Control groups were fed ad libitum. In the subsequent experiment, animals were fed defined guinea pig diets containing 5%, 30%, and 60% casein, respectively, which were similar in caloric content, vitamins, and minerals. Measurements of phagocytic bactericidal activity, serum opsonization, serum IgG and C3 levels, and mitogenic response of lymphocytes were made at weekly intervals. Results obtained from both experiments were comparable. There was a significant decline in phagocyte function by the third week in malnourished animals while the numbers of phagocytes per milliliter of peritoneal washings were similar to controls at all time periods. A depression of serum opsonization was observed when animals became moribund even though serum IgG levels remained unchanged. Serum C3 levels in malnourished animals were significantly lower than controls. Mitogenic response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin was 85% lower in the 5% casein group after the third week. These results indicated that a marasmus-like condition and protein malnutrition depress critical functions of resistance.
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PMID:The effects of malnutrition on variables of host defense in the guinea pig. 69 39

Weight, Height, head circumference, chest circumference, arm circumference and triceps skinfold of 223 children under 5 years from the small Mentawai island Sipora/Indonesia have been measured and related to international standards. Beginning from standard values, the anthropometric data decrease during the first 2-3 years, rising again in the following years. Weight for age is 72% of standard at 24 months and 83% at 5 years, height for age 89% at 30 months and 92% at 5 years, weight for height of the boys 82% at 12 months, of the girls 79% at 24 months and 94% for both at 4-5 years, chest/head ratio 95% at 12 months and 100% at 3-5 years. Arm circumference is 83% at 18 months 100% and above already at 3 years. Therefore, fold regains after the minimum of 90% at 18 months and above already at 3 years. Therefore, muscle growth would predominantly be reduced. The weight gain follows approximately the 3rd centile of english girls with a clear depression between 9 and 30 months. The birth weights of 476 children are 3230 g (boys) and 3120 g (girls). Perinatal mortality is low (2.9%), mortality during the first 5 years between 15 and 24%. In the health centre charts of 126 children under 5 years of a selected village (93% of that age group) 463 treatments in 5 years are recorded. The most frequent diagnoses are diseases of the respiratory tract (38% of all treatments), followed by malaria (23%), diarrhoea (19%), ascaris and hookworm infections (7.6%) and skin conditions (6%). Tuberculosis was the cause of treatment in 1.3%. In spite of the temporary growth retardation, as indicated by the anthropometric values, no cases of clinical Protein-Energy-Malnutrition have been observed. Malaria seems to be holoendemic, since all 223 children had a palpable spleen.
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PMID:[Nutritional status and health status of under-fives of the Mentawai island Sipora (Indonesia) (author's transl)]. 74 10

Young male rats (100-130 g) were fed diets of equal energy content containing o.5, 1,2,3,5, and 18% lactalbumin consumed either freely or in restricted amounts. The rats receiving low protein diets failed to grow and mature. Those consuming the 0.5 and1% protein diets given freely developed the characteristic features of kwashiorkor including edema, while those receiving the diets in restricted amounts developed the characteristic features of marasmus. The rats fed low protein diets had low plasma levels of essential amino acids; however, the lysine level was well maintained. The plasma levels of nonessential amino acids, especially glycine, alanine, and aspartic and glutamic acids were raised in marasmic rats but were reduced in rats fed low protein diets ad libitum. Young and severly malnourished rats appeared to have limited ability to synthesize urea. Therefore, they excreted more ammonia and other nitrogenous substances such as ethanolamine, and when given an amino acid load, intermediary metabolites of the ingested amino acids. Rats fed low protein diets showed diminution of total liver DNA, RNA, and protein. In addition to the reduction of protein synthesis resulting from decreased cellular RNA, ribosomes from the livers of protein-deficient rats had reduced ability to synthesize proteins. This defect was associated with the detatchment of the ribosomes from endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the elevation of the proportion of monosomes to polyribosomes. Malnutrition did not produce any change in the turnover rate of liver RNA. Protein deficiency caused significant depression of serum insulin, thyroxine, and corticosterone levels. Theoverall conclusion is that mammalian metabolism is well adapted to dietary intake and that this adaptation is achieved through dietary control of synthesis and release of key metabolic hormones.
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PMID:Experimental protein and energy in the rat. 80 70

Where necessary, women should be counselled so as to understand that a slim, elegant figure is not the prerogative of all. An inherited large frame requires a corresponding body contour, and dieting to change this situation will be in vain. All weight reducing diets must provide an adequate amount of vitamins and minerals. Women on the contraceptive pill often have diminished serum levels of folic acid and vitamin B6, and there have been suggestions that vitamin supplementation may help overcome depression and diminished libido in some women. This has been partially successful. A well-balanced diet should be recommended prior to trial of supplements. During pregnancy and lactation there is an increased need for protein, calcium, iron, iodide and fluoride. Vitamin and iron supplementation may be required where deficiencies exist due to dietary neglect. Excessive alcohol and smoking should be discouraged--especially during pregnancy. The elderly are particularly vulnerable to diseases of nutritional deficiency for various reasons. The importance of foods providing protein, calcium and vitamins should be stressed, as these are the main nutrients lacking. The consumption of meat, milk, cheese, eggs, fish, fresh fruit and vegetables should be encouraged.
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PMID:Nutrition and family practice. 86 Sep 67

In order to study the relationship between nutritional status and immunity, certain biochemical and immunological parameters were examined in 53 children with mild or severe malnutrition and 35 normal controls. The levels of hemoglobin, total serum protein and complement (C'3) were not affected by malnutrition. There was a significant depression of serum albumin, transferrin and ceruloplasmin in the severely malnourished children. Serum IgM, IgG and IgD were normal in both malnourished groups. The level of serum IgA was elevated only in the severely malnourished children. The proportion of B cells was the same in all groups; howver, the frequency of T cells was reduced in the severely malnourished cases.
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PMID:Effect of malnutrition on several parameters of the immune system of children. 108 23

A patient is described who developed hypoglycemia and generalized neurologic depression after cardiac surgery, while receiving an infusion of glucose, insulin, and potassium (GIK). Hypoglycemia as a complication of the use of GIK solution in patients with hepatic dysfunction, malnutrition and low cardiac output is discussed.
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PMID:Hypoglycemia complicating the use of solution of glucose, insulin and potassium. 111 35

Acute dietary deficiency of thiamine was produced in immature female rats. Uptake of glucose by brainstem nuclei was determined by autoradiographic examination of tissue concentrations of 14-C-3-O-methyl-d-glucose following a test dose, and compared with levels in normal and isocaloric control animals. The experiment showed that glucose uptake was depressed in the lesions of thiamine deficiency as compared with the controls, that the depression occurred with the occurrence of morphologic evidence of tissue edema, and that the depression was temporally independent of the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier to protein which is found in the late, necrotic lesions.
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PMID:Glucose uptake in the brainstem of thiamine-deficient rats. 112 96


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