Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The development design and reliability of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale have been described elsewhere. We focused on the validity of the Yale-Brown Scale and its sensitivity to change. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined in baseline ratings from three cohorts of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (N = 81). The total Yale-Brown Scale score was significantly correlated with two of three independent measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder and weakly correlated with measures of depression and of anxiety in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with minimal secondary depressive symptoms. Results from a previously reported placebo-controlled trial of fluvoxamine in 42 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder showed that the Yale-Brown Scale was sensitive to drug-induced changes and that reductions in Yale-Brown Scale scores specifically reflected improvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. Together, these studies indicate that the 10-item Yale-Brown Scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom severity and that it is suitable as an outcome measure in drug trials of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
 ...
PMID:The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. II. Validity. 251 Jun 99

The effect of adrenaline (Ad) on muscarinic transmission was examined in B neurones of bullfrog sympathetic ganglia by using intracellular and voltage-clamp recording methods. Bath-application of Ad (5-500 microM) caused a depression of the slow excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) elicited by repetitive stimulations of preganglionic nerve fibres in the presence of curare (30 microM). Ad also depressed the 'muscarinic' ACh potential induced by ionophoretic application of ACh directly to curarized sympathetic neurones in a concentration-dependent manner. Isoprenaline mimicked the effect of Ad in producing the inhibition of the 'muscarinic' ACh potential. Propranolol antagonized the inhibitory action of Ad. Dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate had no significant effect on the 'muscarinic' ACh potential. Under voltage-clamp conditions, Ad caused an inward current associated with inhibition of the M-current (Brown and Adams 1980). Ad depressed the amplitude of slow postsynaptic currents produced by applications of ACh and muscarinic. At a concentration of 100 microM, Ad produced a 68 +/- 8% (n = 12) depression of the amplitude of the muscarinic ACh current. The inhibition of muscarinic transmission induced by Ad is due to a direct suppression of the muscarinic current at the postsynaptic membrane in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia.
 ...
PMID:Adrenaline inhibits muscarinic transmission in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. 254 82

The haemodynamic effects of Brown Snake (Pseudonaja) species (textilis, nuchalis, affinis) were investigated in anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated dogs. Blood pressure decreased to minimal levels five minutes after intravenous envenomation. Hypotension was accompanied by significant decrements in cardiac output and stroke volume and a rise in peripheral vascular resistance. Heart rate increased transiently during 0.5-2.0 minutes after envenomation but had declined below resting levels five minutes after envenomation. No statistically significant change was recorded in central venous pressure. Depression of myocardial contractility is postulated as the mechanism of venom induced hypotension.
 ...
PMID:Studies on Australian snake venoms. Part 1: The haemodynamic effects of brown snake (Pseudonaja) species in the dog. 259 79

In both Beck's cognitive theory of depression and Brown & Harris's sociopsychological model, hopelessness is given unwarranted universality and centrality. Empirical evidence contradicting this element of the two theories has been ignored, and two new investigations are presented which suggest the existence of 'non-hopeless' depression. A more complete account of the heterogeneous nature of depression is now required.
 ...
PMID:The relationship between depression and hopelessness. Implications for current theories of depression. 259 58

Thirty-seven patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were compared to 26 normal controls of equivalent age, education, and verbal intelligence on measures of verbal learning and memory (Digit Span and Supraspan, Brown-Peterson Distractor Task, Selective Reminding Test, Story Recall, and Free Verbal Recall) and verbal fluency (Letter and Animal Fluency). The MS patients exhibited deficits on measures of secondary (long-term) memory and verbal fluency, but performed normally on measures of primary (short-term) memory, recognition memory, and rate of forgetting from secondary memory. These results suggest that the memory disturbance in MS results primarily from an imparied ability to access information from secondary memory, while encoding and storage capacity is intact. Degree of memory impairment was unrelated to length of illness, severity of disability, or self-reported depression.
 ...
PMID:On the nature of memory disturbance in multiple sclerosis. 280 59

Six characteristics of life events and difficulties, namely loss (L), threat (T), anti-social act (A), hopeless situation (H), uncertain outcome (U) and choice of action (C), were used to score life situations experienced by 1060 adults over three months. Certain patterns of these, together with the respondents' sex, close and more superficial support discriminated significantly between subjects who had: depression the predominant symptom, anxiety predominant, tiredness predominant, backache predominant, none of these reaching pathological level. A hierarchy emerged from depression down through anxiety to tiredness and backache such that more severe life situations were associated with symptoms higher up the hierarchy. Situations with both choice of action (C) and loss (L) tended to be associated with depression. Anxiety related situations were mainly those containing threat (T) and at least two other characteristics. Tiredness went with situations characterised purely as CUH or CH or UH, and backache with minor situations containing only one characteristic. Lack of close confidant was most associated with depression; being a woman was associated with tiredness and anxiety equally and lack of superficial support with anxiety and depression equally. A parallel was drawn with Finlay-Jones and Brown.
 ...
PMID:Dimensions of experience and symptomatology. 293 14

Streptozotocin-diabetic isogenous Brown-Norway (BN) rats received heterotopic Wistar-Furth (WF X BN) F1 heart transplants. The functional graft survival time after different duration of diabetes and during insulin-treated diabetes was recorded. Some diabetic rats were challenged with sheep red cells, and their spleens were used in PHA stimulation and plaque-forming assays. Prolongation in heart transplant survival was found to be independent of the duration of diabetes. The prolongation disappeared promptly when insulin was administered to the diabetic rats. A depression of cellular immunoresponsiveness as measured by PHA stimulation assay was recorded during diabetes. Valid results were not obtained in the plaque-forming assay.
 ...
PMID:The immunosuppressive effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. 295 May 77

Brown layer hens (BC and HC strains) and white layer hens (WL strain) orally infected with the H-162 strain of the egg-drop syndrome 1976 virus developed few clinical signs except for abnormal egg production. Depressed and/or aberrant-egg production was observed for 3 days or longer in 17 of 18 BC hens, 13 of 15 HC hens, and 10 of 17 WL hens. On the average, abnormal egg production began 8.8, 10.3, and 12.2 days after infection of the BC, HC, and WL hens, respectively. Egg production was depressed in the WL hens, but little depression was observed in the BC and HC hens. Aberrant-egg production was much less frequent in the WL hens than in the BC and HC hens. Aberrant eggs were shell-less, soft-shelled, thin-shelled, and/or discolored. No eggs of abnormal internal quality or shape were observed. The virus spread from infected BC and WL hens to contact hens.
 ...
PMID:Experimental infection of laying chickens with egg-drop syndrome 1976 virus. 303 29

This study investigated the reliability and validity of the short form Beck Depression Inventory with older adults. Sixty-one clinically depressed older outpatients and 57 non-patient older volunteers comprised the sample. The patient group completed the BDI prior to and at completion of depression treatment. Estimates of internal reliability suggest that the short form BDI possesses adequate Spearman-Brown and alpha coefficients. Congruent validity estimates were less satisfactory, as the correlation between the BDI and the HRSD was statistically significant, but low. Criterion group validity, diagnostic sensitivity, and sensitivity to change estimates were all acceptable. Thus, the short form BDI is adequately reliable to suggest its use as a research and clinical tool with older adults, although further study of the instrument's validity is needed.
 ...
PMID:Reliability and validity of the short form Beck Depression Inventory with older adults. 321 10

We speculated that two diverse causes of potent cell-mediated immune suppression, cyclosporine (CsA) and thermal trauma, may demonstrate some similar actions, and thus tested whether either could alter antisera reactivity against allogeneic target lymphocytes. Target splenocytes from 40% body surface area full-thickness burned Brown-Norway (BN) rats demonstrated significant (P = 0.004) decreased reactivity (agglutination) with antisera produced across a full allogeneic barrier (RT1 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC) compared to control splenocytes. Depression of allogeneic splenic target cell reactivity against Lewis (LEW)-anti-BN allosera was similarly observed using lymphocytes from long-term CsA-treated rats (P = 0.004). The decreased reactivity induced by burn trauma was transferable to pooled normal splenocytes or blood lymphocytes by preincubation with burn plasma (P less than 0.001), and was confirmed by a cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CELISA) (P = 0.003). In summary, a similarity consisting of decreased antibody reactivity against lymphocytes from either burned or long-term CsA-treated animals was demonstrated. These results suggested that lymphocyte cell surface allogeneic determinants and their expression and/or availability were altered by either regimen.
 ...
PMID:Decreased reactivity of allosera against target lymphocytes obtained following thermal injury or long-term cyclosporine treatment. 350 4


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>