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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cardiovascular and haematological effects of purified prothrombin activator derived from the venom of the Australian Common Brown Snake (Pseudonaja textilis) were studied in anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated dogs. Severe depression of systemic blood pressure and cardiac output and a rise in central venous pressure were observed. Thrombocytopenia, prolongation of both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time and a reduction in serum fibrinogen were also observed. All of these observed effects were prevented by the prior administration of heparin--a naturally occurring anticoagulant. We conclude that the prothrombin activator in Pseudonaja textilis venom may cause cardiovascular depression due to myocardial dysfunction secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation.
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PMID:The cardiovascular and haematological effects of purified prothrombin activator from the common brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) and their antagonism with heparin. 160 37

The efficacy of heparin therapy after subcutaneous injection of Common Brown Snake (Pseudonaja textilis) venom was studied in anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated dogs. Intravenous heparin (100 U/kg), administered fifteen minutes after envenomation, neither prevented nor hastened the recovery from cardiovascular depression and coagulopathy observed after venom administration. Heparin therapy is not recommended for the treatment of established human envenomation.
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PMID:The efficacy of heparin in the treatment of common brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) envenomation. 160 38

The role of social factors in the causation of depression based on the aetiological model proposed by Brown and Harris was examined in a sample of 50 depressed female patients. Loss of mother before age 11 years and lack of confiding relationship was found to act as a vulnerability factor whereas employment status and having three or more children aged 14 or under were not found to have an increased vulnerability in these patients. These results which provide general support for Brown and Harris's causal model are discussed with their possible implications in our socio-cultural settings.
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PMID:Risk factors for depression. 162 98

The influence of cardiovascular changes on ventilation has been demonstrated in adult animals and humans (Jones, French, Weissman & Wasserman, 1981; Wasserman, Whipp & Castagna 1974). It has been suggested that neonatal hypoxic ventilatory depression may be related to some of the hemodynamic changes that occur during hypoxia (Brown & Lawson, 1988; Darnall, 1985; Suguihara, Bancalari, Bancalari, Hehre & Gerhardt, 1986). To test the possible relationship between the cardiovascular and ventilatory response to hypoxia in the newborn, eleven sedated spontaneously breathing piglets (age: 5.9 +/- 1.6 days; weight: 1795 +/- 317 g; SD) were studied before and after alpha adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine. Minute ventilation (VE) was measured with a pneumotachograph, cardiac output (CO) by thermodilution and total and regional brain blood flow (BBF) with radiolabeled microspheres. Measurements were performed while the animals were breathing room air and after 10 min of hypoxia induced by breathing 10% O2. Hypoxia was again induced one hour after infusion of phenoxybenzamine (6 mg/kg over 30 min). After 10 min of hypoxia, in the absence of phenoxybenzamine, the animals responded with marked increases in VE (P less than 0.001), CO (P less than 0.001), BBF, and brain stem blood flow (BSBF) (P less than 0.02). However, the normal hemodynamic response to hypoxia was eliminated after alpha adrenergic blockade. There were significant decreases in systemic arterial blood pressure, CO, and BBF during hypoxia after phenoxybenzamine infusion; nevertheless, VE increased significantly (P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of alpha adrenergic blockade on brain blood flow and ventilation during hypoxia in newborn piglets. 166 8

The efficacy of antivenom in prevention of cardiovascular depression and coagulopathy induced by Brown Snake species (Pseudonaja textilis, Pseudonaja affinis) was investigated in anaesthetised mechanically ventilated dogs. Venom and antivenom in variable amounts were incubated together at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes prior to intravenous injection. The dose of antivenom required to prevent severe cardiovascular depression and coagulopathy induced by Pseudonaja textilis venom was 25 times the current recommended dose for clinical use. A tenfold dose of antivenom was required to neutralise similar effects induced by Pseudonaja affinis venom. Large amounts of antivenom may be required in clinical use if coagulopathy or cardiovascular depression are present after envenomation by species of the Brown Snake genus.
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PMID:The efficacy of antivenom in prevention of cardiovascular depression and coagulopathy induced by brown snake (Pseudonaja) species venom. 175 Jun 33

The haematological effects of Brown Snake (Pseudonaja) species (textilis, affinis, nuchalis) were studied in anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated dogs. Marked thrombocytopenia, depletion of serum fibrinogen and prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, were recorded at 5 to 10 and 30 to 40 minutes after intravenous envenomation. Fibrin degradation products were not elevated. Because these haematological effects occurred simultaneously with cardiovascular depression (previously reported), we postulate that hypotension sometimes observed in human envenomation may be due to intravascular coagulation with myocardial ischaemia.
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PMID:Studies on Australian snake venoms, Part II: The haematological effects of brown snake (Pseudonaja) species in the dog. 176 99

In totally 3740 cows of the breed German Brown Swiss distributed over 115 herds risk factors for the occurrence of diseases were analysed using a threshold model. Disease data were recorded by ten practitioners in southern Bavaria. The most frequent diseases were fertility disorders, followed by metabolic, udder and calving disorders. The influence of the herds could demonstrated clearly for all diseases analysed. The effect of the lactation number contributed significantly to the frequency of milk fever, mastitis, retained placenta, endometritis/metritis and ovary cysts. Heritability estimates vary between h2 = 0.5% and h2 = 4.2% with exception of anestrus/acyclia (h2 = 8.8%). With higher milk yield of cows the disease frequencies increase, especially fertility diseases. However, increasing herd milk yield is associated with decreasing disease frequencies. A depression of A.I.-parameters and an increase of culling rate caused by diseases could be observed. In the case of the occurrence of uterus- and ovary disorders days open are elongated by 58 days in comparison to cows without diseases. Recording of disease data for use in electronic data processing seems necessary, in order to diminish production diseases by breeding and herd control programmes. An important prerequisite in organization of disease data recording is an efficient cooperation between the veterinary practitioner, farmer, inseminator and the official milk recording organisation.
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PMID:[Epidemiologic and genetic analysis of veterinary data of German Brown cattle]. 177 92

The Brown and Harris model of depression holds that certain "vulnerability factors"--namely early maternal loss, lack of a confiding relationship, greater than three children under the age of 14 at home and unemployment--can interact with "provoking agents" to increase the risk of depression. The validity of this model has been widely debated, with most of the discussion concerning the interactive nature of the model. There has been relatively little attention paid to the possibility that the "vulnerability factors" may be risk factors for depression. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the four Brown and Harris "vulnerability factors" are associated with an elevated risk of depression, irrespective of whether they may interact with provoking agents. The analysis contained in this paper utilizes power analyses and confidence intervals. The findings suggest that the lack of a confiding relationship is strongly associated with depression, and that all four of the "vulnerability factors" may be associated with an increased risk of depression.
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PMID:Are the Brown and Harris "vulnerability factors" risk factors for depression? 179 1

The influence of psychosocial factors on the incidence and evolution of depressive illness is well established. The joint study of different aspects of the psychosocial field involved in the risk of depressive illness substantiated interactions between these various factors, modulating the risk of depression. Several psychosocial models of depression, as Harris and Brown's model, have taken into account those interactions, discriminating vulnerability factors and precipitating factors (stressful life events, lasting difficulties): vulnerability factors, not inducing depression per se, increase the depressing effect of precipitating factors when both factors happen to be combined. However the validity of those models has to be confirmed, and mechanisms underlying interactions between psychosocial factors call for further elucidation. Other studies will also have to specify the role of psychological and biological variables in the way psychosocial factors interfere with the occurrence of depression.
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PMID:[Psychosocial factors of depressive risk]. 180 58

The choice of an antidepressant according to the possible course of depression is a fundamental step in the treatment approach. Socio-demographic factors are considered in order to predict the outcome of depression receiving an adequate treatment. Only a few studies deal with this topic, probably because of the role the same factors play in the occurrence of depression. The influence of age, sex, marital status, socio-economic level and life events on compliance with treatment is considered as well as main clinical issues such as treatment resistance, risk of chronicity and of suicide. Generally speaking, socio-demographic factors do not constitute a major parameter when selecting an antidepressant. They are useful to identify patients at risk requiring special therapeutic measures. The poor prognosis of depression in males after 65 has must be emphatized, as well as the negative influence of life events occurring during the course of endogenous depression. Conversely, a decrease in the number of life events or a life event experiencing a new start in life, play an important role in the improvement of depression according to Brown. Those factors remain in the background of the pathological process and of its evolution, acting indirectly, with a poor association power. Moreover, most of those predictors have been determined a posteriori.
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PMID:[Depressive disorders. Sociodemographic factors predicting therapeutic response]. 180 61


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