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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dr. Brown traces the history of America's federal mental health program from its beginning in the early 1900s. NIMH, the institute he currently directs, was established in 1946 for the treatment and prevention of mental and emotional illnesses through research,training, and services. It is now one of the institutes of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Dr. Brown describes its continuous progress toward providing high-quality mental health care to the entire population, and discusses priorities for the future that include continuation of research on schizophrenia and depression and research that will benefit children and the elderly.
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PMID:The federal mental health program: past, present, and future. 17 35

In 7 years snake bite was diagnosed in 80 dogs. Sporting breeds figured prominently. The average was 3.6 years. The commonest presenting signs were salivation, vomiting, dilated pupils, absence of the pupillary light reflex, depression and generalised muscle weakness, hindlimb ataxia and respiratory distress. Sixty-seven cases (84%) occurred in 6 warmer months on the year. Fifty-one dogs (64%) were seen either to be bitten or in contact with a snake. Tiger and Brown snakes were implicated on 32 and 3 occasions respectively. An overall recovery rate of 87% was obtained for patients receiving antivenene, fluid and support therapy. The period from treatment-to-full recovery was shorter for cases in which the bite-to-treatment period was one hour or less (24 hours) when compared with the recovery time for all cases (36 hours). The prognosis was poor for dogs presenting with the triad of complete flaccid paralysis, dyspnoea and a sub-normal temperature.
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PMID:Snake bite in dogs. 44 66

Brown and his colleagues have presented evidence for the social origins of depression from results of 2 community surveys in Camberwell. This paper examines critically their methodology, conceptualization of variables, mode of argument and statistical techniques. Log-linear analysis of their published data fails to substantiate their differentiation of risk variables into vulnerability factors and provoking agents.
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PMID:The social causation of depression: a critique of the work of Brown and his colleagues. 72 70

Neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to a single 60-mg oral dose of the indirect serotonin agonist dl-fenfluramine were assessed in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and neuroendocrine results contrasted with those in normal control subjects. Net fenfluramine-induced prolactin release did not differ significantly between OCD patients and normal controls. Prolactin responses in the OCD group were not significantly correlated with baseline Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores for either obsessions or compulsions, but were positively correlated with the baseline Hamilton Depression Scale score and Hamilton Anxiety Scale score. No clear difference in the severity of patients' obsessions or compulsions was found following challenge with fenfluramine versus placebo. Although the present study does not demonstrate a serotonergic abnormality in OCD, this may be more a reflection of limitations of the test procedures than evidence that central nervous system (CNS) serotonergic function is normal in the disorder.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to challenge with the indirect serotonin agonist dl-fenfluramine in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. 131 64

To explore suggested relationships between involuntary motor disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we evaluated obsessive-compulsive characteristics in patients with idiopathic spasmodic torticollis (IST). Twenty-two patients with IST had significantly higher scores than 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the obsessionality subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The IST patients also had higher (though not significantly so) scores on the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory. Their Beck Depression Inventory scores were likewise higher than those of controls. These results provide additional support for the theory of a link between basal ganglia disorders and psychiatric disorders.
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PMID:Obsessive-compulsive characteristics in patients with idiopathic spasmodic torticollis. 149 58

Jatropha curcas seed, a multi-purpose medicinal plant product, was fed at 0.1 and 0.5% to Brown Hisex chicks for 4 w to measure it's effects upon growth and the structure and function of vital organs. Liver and kidney function tests included serum SDH, GDH, GOT, total protein, potassium and other serum constituents in addition to total tissue lipids and hematology. J. curcas intoxication in chicks was characterized by growth depression, hepatonephropathies and widespread hemorrhages and congestion.
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PMID:Toxic effects of low levels of dietary Jatropha curcas seed on Brown Hisex chicks. 150 68

Seasonal affective disorder is a form of depression which recurs at the same time of the year. Exposure to bright artificial light at a dose of 2,500 lux is used to treat seasonal affective disorders. We exposed a pigmented (Brown Norway) and a nonpigmented (Sprague-Dawley) rat strain with bright artificial light for 21 days at two doses (2,500 and 6,100 lux) and analyzed dopamine, dihydroxyphenyl-acetic acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection in eight different brain regions. Furthermore, we measured tissue levels of substance P (SP), neurokinins (NK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) with radioimmunoassay. Our data obtained with light microscopy show that bright artificial light at both doses induced a massive destruction of photoreceptors in the retina of albino rats but not of the pigmented rat strain. Retinal lesion of photoreceptors resulted in increased tissue levels of all measured neuropeptides except SP in the hypothalamus and increased VIP in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra. Furthermore, increased 5-HT and 5-HIAA tissue levels were found in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra. In contrast, in the frontal cortex there was a significant reduction in 5-HIAA tissue levels and a decreased 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio, indicating decreased 5-HT metabolism. Light exposure of the pigmented rat strain revealed no changes in the measured biogenic amines and neuropeptides in any investigated brain region. Our data suggest that retinal lesion but not direct visual neurotransmission induced changes in neurotransmitters in some brain regions. We conclude that Brown Norway rats but not Sprague-Dawley rats are useful to study neurochemical effects of bright artificial light. However, Sprague-Dawley rats may be a useful tool to study biochemical mechanisms of photoreceptor damage by bright light.
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PMID:Effects of bright artificial light on monoamines and neuropeptides in eight different brain regions compared in a pigmented and nonpigmented rat strain. 152 5

Brown Hisex chicks were fed diets containing 2% and 5% Azadirachta indica leaf from their 7th to 35th day of age. Thereafter, the chicks were fed control diet for 2 weeks. A depression in body weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization was observed in chicks fed A. indica leaf when compared with the control. The main clinicopathological changes were increases in lactic dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities and uric acid and bilirubin concentrations and decreases in the total protein levels in serum. Changes in the values of erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin were remarkable and associated with yellow discoloration on the legs and combs and hepatonephropathy. Tissue recovery was incomplete 2 weeks after removal from the experimental diets.
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PMID:On the toxicology of Azadirachta indica leaves. 804 48

The aetiological model of depression proposed by Brown and Harris in 1978 was examined in a sample of 120 women in Milan, using the same method for the assessment of life stresses. The role of provoking agents (severe events and major difficulties) was found to be similar to that of the earlier study. There was some evidence that lack of an intimate relationship with a husband or a boyfriend acted as a vulnerability factor, increasing the risk of depression in the face of provoking agents. The overall results support the Brown-Harris aetiological model in a quite different cultural setting.
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PMID:Provoking agents, vulnerability factors and depression in an Italian setting: a replication of Brown and Harris's model. 157 78

Various parameters of the urethral pressure profile have been developed to improve diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence. By application of micro-tip transducers, a positive correlation between "depression ratio" and degree of incontinence as had been observed by Eberhard. The aim of this study was to examine Eberhard's observations by the use of Brown-Wickham's method. Significant differences in the parameters of the urethral pressure profile during stress, such as the urethral closure pressure, depression pressure, depression ratio, transmission ratio, and the area of continence, were found between continent and incontinent patients. Although pressure transmission and transmission ratio revealed significant differences, depression pressure and depression ratio were found to be similar in patients with mild and severe degree of incontinence. According to the results of this study, depression ratio does not reflect the degree of urinary loss, when open catheters are used.
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PMID:[The value of the urethral depression quotient in diagnosis of female stress incontinence using the Brown-Wickham method]. 159 77


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