Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A significantly higher proportion of patients with headache showed scores in the psychopathological range of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) compared with controls, with ratings particularly high on the anxiety and depression subscales. Across the whole group, there was a significant negative correlation between platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and GHQ score overall, and with the anxiety and depression subscales. There was a significant positive correlation between platelet MAO activity and urinary output of the endogenous MAO inhibitor, tribulin. Within the migraine group, there was a significant negative correlation between tribulin output and GHQ score. These findings suggest that the biochemical nature of the anxiety associated with migraine may differ from that in other conditions such as generalized anxiety disorder where high platelet MAO activity and high tribulin output have been reported.
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PMID:Psychiatric morbidity, platelet monoamine oxidase and tribulin output in headache. 259 76

In a consecutive series of 46 female new referrals to a migraine clinic, 17 patients (37%) complained of increased irritability and/or depression in association with more than 50% of their migraine attacks. This was not related to the attack frequency or duration. Sixteen patients (33%) met DSM-III criteria for a current diagnosis of an affective syndrome and when present this was significantly associated with these complaints.
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PMID:The prevalence of psychiatric disorder among female new referrals to a migraine clinic. 259 87

In view of the association between chronic headaches and depression, this study compared a cognitive therapy package designed for depression with a relatively standard behavioural treatment package designed for headaches (self-management training), in terms of their effects on headaches and depressive symptoms. Fifty-five subjects suffering from chronic headaches (tension, migraine and combined) were randomly assigned to the two treatment conditions. Cognitive therapy and self-management training were equally effective at decreasing headaches and depressive symptoms on most measures. Changes in headaches and depressive symptoms were not significantly correlated in either condition, however. Greater headache improvement was associated with high pre-treatment headache activity for both conditions but, whilst self-management training was more effective for subjects low on depression, cognitive therapy was more effective for subjects high on chronicity. This suggests that the latter approach, or some variation of it, may be the treatment of choice for more chronic headache sufferers with depressive symptoms.
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PMID:Cognitive therapy vs. self-management training in the treatment of chronic headaches. 260 88

Three decades of psychiatric practice with tricyclic, tetracyclic, and heterocyclic antidepressants have shown that these drugs are effective not only for major depression, endogenous depression in particular, but also for a range of other disorders. Tricyclic and other antidepressants are now used to treat enuresis and attention-deficit disorders in children, bulimia and anorexia nervosa, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, chronic pain, migraine, and peptic ulcer disease. As with some of the antidepressants, the body of literature on the relationship between clinical response in these diseases and plasma or serum levels of the drugs is not complete or well understood, but for some of these disorders, sufficient preliminary serum level data are available to take advantage of therapeutic drug monitoring as an adjunct to treatment. Therapeutic monitoring can be particularly important where studies indicate that successful therapy occurs at blood levels substantially different from those used to treat depression. This paper presents a brief overview of antidepressant treatment of these disorders, focusing on the available pharmacologic data related to serum level measurements and their relation to clinical response.
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PMID:Antidepressant drugs: additional clinical uses. 264 93

An updated review on oral contraception opens with history and mechanism of action and concentrates on clinical management of users, especially adolescents. Other types of hormonal contraception are mentioned in passing. Since the introduction of Enovid in 1960, the steroid dose of pills has fallen about 10-fold, reducing side effects and especially complications to the minimum. Despite this, the public is more suspicious than ever of the danger of pills. Orals work by preventing the estrogen surge, usually blocking ovulation, and reducing endometrial development. Currently the latest low dose pills are the triphasics, which offer the lowest total dose of both estrogen and progestin to date. Some of them have such low progestin content that estrogen side effects become a problem. Guidelines for patient selection, and patient management are listed and tabulated. The ideal pill user has a mature menstrual cycle, frequent sexual activity, poor compliance with other methods, a need for maximal protection and no contraindications such as history of risk of factors for thromboembolism, cancer, migraine, sickle cell disease, or depression. Lab tests, history, and a physical exam are recommended. Instructions and danger signals are listed. Estrogenic versus androgenic pills, how to deal with breakthrough bleeding, weight gain, breast pain, and other side effects are discussed. All complaints of headache should be seriously evaluated. Use of minipills, medicated IUDs, implants, vaginal rings and injectables are briefly noted.
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PMID:Hormonal contraception. 266 92

Identification of 5-HT receptor subtypes--5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1C, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2 (possibly A and B), 5-HT3 subtypes, and possibly 5-HT4--has encouraged the manufacture of 5-HT receptor inhibitors with greater subtype specificity. However, it appears that the receptors interact, and drugs initially thought to be specific may have multiple actions. For some conditions such as anxiety/depression, almost all receptors are implicated. Clinical studies provide clear evidence that manipulation of the 5-HT system has a role in treating depression, anxiety, obsessional illness, migraine, and eating disorders. Interactions between the various receptor subtypes make it difficult to identify specific clinical functions. The 5-HT1A receptors may be involved in aggression, anorexia, and hypotension. The 5-HT1B receptors may be involved in aggression, while the 5-HT1C receptors may play a role in central aversion systems and anxiety/depression. The role of the 5-HT1D receptors remains speculative; 5-HT2 receptors appear to be involved in depression, anxiety, appetite, sleep, vasoconstriction, and hypertension. Many drugs that are effective in treating migraine are potent 5-HT2 antagonists. 5-HT3 antagonists at high doses are effective in treating nausea and at low doses in treating anxiety. Treatment of aggression, suicidal behaviour, addiction behaviour, memory impairment, dementia, and schizophrenia with 5-HT inhibitors requires further testing.
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PMID:Is there a relationship between serotonin receptor subtypes and selectivity of response in specific psychiatric illnesses? 269 41

The physical origins of neuromagnetic signals are described from which it is concluded that magnetoencephalography is potentially much more applicable than electroencephalography for localizing the sources of a variety of neural activities in the brain. The magnitudes of typical neuromagnetic signals are discussed. Selected examples of MEG studies are given. Recent experiments which appear to indicate directly the association of spreading cortical depression with migraine headache are briefly described.
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PMID:Neuromagnetism: a new approach for localizing brain function. 269 10

We reviewed the medical records of 283 cocaine users consecutively admitted to a municipal hospital and identified 37 patients (13.1%) complaining of headaches. These patients were divided into three groups. Three patients had migraine-like headaches and transient hemiparesis associated with cocaine use. Five patients had headaches associated with cocaine withdrawal. In 29 patients headaches were not clearly associated with cocaine. Twenty-two of the 29 had chronic daily headaches; nine of these patients were depressed. Three had focal brain lesions with chronic daily headache or acute onset global headache. The four remaining patients had other headaches. Based on these findings, we conclude that: (1) Headache is a common complaint in hospitalized cocaine users; (2) Cocaine may occasionally trigger a syndrome which resembles hemiplegic migraine. The potential mechanisms of this syndrome will be discussed; (3) Hospitalized cocaine users who present with headaches most frequently have depression with suicidal ideation, often associated with cocaine withdrawal; and (4) Structural brain disease in these patients may result from a variety of causes.
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PMID:Headaches in hospitalized cocaine users. 271 72

Color-coded, cross-sectional imaging of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was made in a prospective manner among 22 patients with well-established common or classic migraine utilizing the stable xenon-enhanced computed tomographic (Xe CT-CBF) method. LCBF in patients during spontaneously occurring headaches (N = 12) were significantly higher compared to patients without headache (N = 10) by 25-35%. The hyperperfusion involved not only cerebral cortex but also subcortical structures including thalamus, basal ganglia, and subcortical white matter. LCBF increases were not bilateral and sometimes asymmetrical, but LCBF increases were not consistently related to the preponderant side of headache. No significant differences were observed in the degree or pattern of cerebral hyperperfusion during headaches compared among common (N = 6) and classic (N = 6) migraineurs. Results suggest a common etiology for both common and classic migraine. Results are not consistent with spreading oligemia or spreading cortical depression as a cause of migraine. The cerebral hyperperfusion appears to be mediated by various neurogenic and chemical changes accompanying migraine. The unilateral nature of migraine head pain is more likely due to dilation of extracranial vessels.
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PMID:Hyperperfusion of cerebral cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia during spontaneously occurring migraine headaches. 274 66

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that duration of illness is correlated with neurotic personality traits. Four hundred and eighteen patients with migraine, tension, and mixed headaches were studied. The MMPI was used to evaluate the patients' personality characteristics. Scales employed were: scale 1--hypochondriasis, scale 2--depression, scale 3--hysteria, and scale 7--psychasthenia. The MMPI scale scores were analysed with regard to sex, diagnosis, and duration of illness. Patients with mixed headaches showed significantly more elevated scores on the MMPI scales than those suffering from migraine and tension headaches. No correlation was found between any of the MMPI scale scores and the duration of illness. No interaction was found between duration of illness and the diagnostic categories of headache in determining the MMPI neurotic scale scores. It is hypothesized that the higher MMPI scores found in patients with mixed headache is characteristic of these patients.
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PMID:Neurotic traits and disease duration in headache patients. 279 Sep 47


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