Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Platelet [3H]imipramine binding was measured in 40 migrainous (7 classical and 33 common) and 17 tension headache patients and in 28 normal controls. A significant reduction in Bmax was found in migraine compared with controls (p less than 0.05) but not in tension headache. In migraine, there was no significant relationship between Bmax and depression or anxiety score on the self-rating Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale, suggesting that the reduction in Bmax is a concomitant of migraine itself rather than a manifestation of associated depression. Preliminary evaluation using the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Version (SADS-L) tended to confirm this conclusion.
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PMID:Platelet [3H]imipramine binding in migraine and tension headache in relation to depression. 166 98

Progress in migraine research has been rapid in recent years, from both the basic science and the clinical perspectives. A new internationally accepted headache classification with operational diagnostic criteria was published in 1988, eliminating much diagnostic uncertainty. More than a decade of study of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) has gradually shown a pathognomonic pattern of abnormalities, probably reflecting spreading cortical depression. Recently it has been shown that pain probably arises from excitation of perivascular pial arterial nociceptors. The innervation and receptor mechanisms of pial and extracranial arteries have been worked out in detail both in animal and humans. Involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) during migraine attacks has been demonstrated. A new and specific 5-HT1D receptor agonist has proved to be highly effective in treating migraine. Therefore, major research efforts recently have been concentrated on discovering the location and function of 5-HT1D receptors, extra- and intracranially. Thus, it is now possible to formulate useful neuroscientific research strategies aimed at clarifying migraine mechanisms.
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PMID:Migraine: a research field matured for the basic neurosciences. 170 30

8B-N-cyclohexyl-6-methyl-1(1-methylethyl)ergoline-8-carboxamide (LY237733) is an ergoline with potent and highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) antagonist activity. The in vitro radioligand displacement studies showed that LY237733 has a preferential affinity for 5-HT1c and 5-HT2 receptors compared to other monoaminergic receptors. This characteristic is shared with other previously described ergoline 5-HT antagonists, such as LY53857 and sergolexole. In parallel ligand displacement assays, LY237733 had a similar potency to sergolexole. LY237733 was equipotent to sergolexole, but slightly less potent than LY53857 in the antagonism of 5-HT-induced elevation in blood pressure and quipazine-induced elevation in corticosterone levels, which are considered to be measures of 5-HT2 and possibly 5-HT1c antagonist activity. LY237733 failed to antagonize pergolide or 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin-induced elevations in serum corticosterone levels, indicating selectivity for the 5-HT1c/2 receptor, relative to 5-HT1a and D2 dopaminergic receptors. The only in vivo response that could be detected after administration of LY237733 alone in doses less than 1 mg/kg was the amplification of male rat sexual behavior. LY237733 was 10 to 100 times more potent than LY53857 or sergolexole in augmenting sexual responses of male rats with different levels of sexual response capacity. LY237733 has a much longer serum half-life than sergolexole. These studies have provided the pre-clinical rationale to evaluate the effects of this compound in the treatment of sexual disorders such as psychogenic erectile dysfunction, and other therapeutic indications for a 5-HT2 antagonist, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and migraine.
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PMID:Preclinical studies on LY237733, a potent and selective serotonergic antagonist. 173 Oct 51

The prophylactic effect of flunarizine and metoprolol was studied in a multi-center randomized, double-blind trial of 149 patients with migraine with or without aura. After a 4-week placebo run-in period, patients were randomly allocated to treatment with flunarizine 10 mg daily or metoprolol 200 mg daily for 16 weeks (parallel group design). Both drugs reduced the number of migraine days per month by 37% (95% confidence interval 21-53%) compared with the placebo run-in period. All efficacy parameters were significantly reduced by both drugs and no significant difference was found between the two drugs at any time of the treatment period. However, calculation of the 95% confidence limits showed that each drug may have a superiority of more than 100% on a single main effect parameter. The most common adverse experiences were day-time sedation (both drugs) and weight gain (flunarizine). Depression was the most serious side-effect occurring in 8% on flunarizine and 3% on metoprolol. We conclude that both drugs are effective in the prevention of migraine attacks but a higher number of dropouts occurred on flunarizine because of depression or weight gain.
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PMID:Flunarizine versus metoprolol in migraine prophylaxis: a double-blind, randomized parallel group study of efficacy and tolerability. 176 20

The problem of headache in the elderly, especially in Thailand, has yet to be probed, fully. The prevalence, clinical characteristics and precipitating correlates of headache in this population may be different from other groups. The objective of this study was to examine the epidemiology of headache in a selected subgroup of the elderly, in order to create a foundation for further studies in the general population. The data were gathered by an interviewer-administered questionnaire method. The study population consisted of 241 persons (male:female = 1:5.7). The reported prevalence of headache over a 1-year period was 54.8% (132/241 cases). The prevalence of migraine, episodic tension headache, chronic tension headache and unclassified headache were 2.9, 16.2, 2.1 and 33.6%, respectively. The reported prevalence tended to decline with increasing age. Physical disorders, including pain in the paracranial structures, chest pain and arthralgias, as well as depression, were all significantly associated with the occurence of headache. The prevention and treatment of these aggravating factors should be considered as one strategy for management of this problem.
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PMID:Epidemiology of headache in the Thai elderly: a study in the Bangkae Home for the Aged. 176 25

In a questionnaire-based study we compared the clinical features of migraine with aura (classical migraine) and migraine without aura (common migraine) in 354 and 397 patients, respectively, attending The Princess Margaret Migraine Clinic. Other than those related to the aura, no significant differences were seen in any clinical features of the attack (e.g. frequency or duration of attacks, time of day at onset, location of headache at onset, severity of headache, or nausea and vomiting). Common migraine attacks were significantly more likely to occur at weekends (p = 0.002). Dietary triggers tended to be more troublesome in classical migraineurs while pregnancy and the menstrual cycle affected both migraine types equally. Classical migraine patients were twice as likely to have a history of hypertension (p less than 0.05) and showed a slightly but not significantly greater tendency to depression. Family histories of migraine were similar in each migraine type. We conclude that classical and common migraine are fundamentally similar in their clinical characteristics and that the occurrence of focal neurological symptoms during a migraine attack has little influence on the rest of the attack.
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PMID:Some clinical comparisons between common and classical migraine: a questionnaire-based study. 177 36

Pheochromocytomas can mimic many unrelated diseases due to their various presenting signs; they are encountered very rarely in childhood. Recently, their neuropsychiatric aspects have become a subject of interest for many workers, but most of the findings reported previously have been observed in adults. We present a case report which is unique in that it concerns a child with pheochromocytoma and psychiatric findings consisting of depression and panic disorder, which were interpreted as being directly related to, since they disappeared after the removal of, the tumor. Depression was persistent and accompanied by a constricting-type headache, while panic disorder was acute and accompanied by a migraine-type headache. Another intriguing complication encountered in our case was jaundice; we considered that it could possibly have been due to an adverse effect of catecholamines on hepatocyte function. We conclude that a pheochromocytoma can be confused with neuropsychiatric disorders in children as well as in adults and that it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such disorders.
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma presenting with headache, panic attacks and jaundice in a child. 177 65

We describe a new syndrome with autosomal dominant transmission whose most striking feature is vascular retinopathy. The retinopathy is often associated with migraine, Raynaud's phenomenon and mental changes, mainly forgetfulness, aggression and depression. To define this syndrome we collected medical data on 110 family members. General ophthalmological examination and fluorescein angiography were performed in 61 persons. The retinopathy, as diagnosed in 22 persons, is characterized by central and peripheral microangiopathy, areas of capillary non-perfusion, haemorrhages, cotton wool spots and, in a more advanced stage, occlusion of large retinal vessels, which can induce a neovascular response. A vascular occlusive disorder may be the common aetiological factor of the various manifestation of this syndrome.
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PMID:A new autosomal dominant vascular retinopathy syndrome. 182 Dec 4

The availability of methods to assess intracellular magnesium has caused great interest in the biologic role of this ion. Measurement of total intracellular erythrocyte magnesium (RBC Mg) by atomic absorption spectroscopy in 94 prospectively studied patients (87 female, age 44 +/- 12 years) with symptomatic primary mitral valve prolapse diagnosed by strict echocardiographic and clinical criteria (Perloff) identified 35 patients with normal (2.12 +/- 0.16 mmol/l) and 59 with low (1.51 +/- 0.31 mmol/l) RBC Mg (mean +/- SD). The two groups did not differ in demographic or clinical characteristics, incidence of thick mitral leaflets, joint hypermobility (by Beighton-Horan score), chest pain, fatigability, palpitations, anxiety, depression, orthostatic hypotension, autonomic test results or plasma catecholamines. Muscle cramps and migraines were more frequent in Mg-deficient patients (but p < 0.05). We postulate that the lack of differences between the groups may be due to poor correlation of RBC Mg with Mg concentration of tissue pools.
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PMID:Erythrocyte magnesium in symptomatic patients with primary mitral valve prolapse: relationship to symptoms, mitral leaflet thickness, joint hypermobility and autonomic regulation. 184 53

Enterococci are widely distributed in nature. They gain entry into milk and milk products through the water supply, equipment, and insanitary and unhygienic conditions of production and handling. They have been incriminated as direct or indirect agents of disease. The evidence concerning their involvement is only circumstantial. These reports are also disputed as the disease symptoms have not been experimentally induced in animal models. However, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that prolific growth of enterococci in foods may lead to formation of clinically significant levels of pressor amines. These amines are very thermostable and therefore remain active even after heat processing, which eliminates all viable streptococci. These pressor amines may be involved in the onset of migraine attacks and produce hypersensitive crises in psychiatric patients who are being treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors for depression.
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PMID:Enterococci in milk and milk products. 185 32


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