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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of somatization-specific behaviour in the dental setting and its relationship with patients' report of both dental and psychological complaints. Somatization-specific behaviour was operationalized as an unexplained dental complaint, high dental attendance, a high treatment consumption or an unreasonable demand with regard to treatment. Of the 309 patients 8.7% fulfilled the criteria for somatization-specific behaviour, which was mainly expressed as a high frequency of attendance (6.8%). Women showed significantly more often (73%) somatization-specific behaviour than men (27%). Further, a relation between depression and somatization-specific behaviour was found. Particularly patients with a relatively high level of long-lasting dental complaints demonstrated somatization-specific behaviour.
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PMID:[Dental complaints are found always between the ears. Somatization in the dental practice]. 1173 36

This study investigated whether a pain clinical sample and pain simulators could be distinguished by their responses on the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Fifty patients with a pain condition completed the SCL-90-R under normal instructions while 20 students responded under instructions to feign a pain disorder to obtain compensation but to attempt to avoid detection. Pain patients obtained generalized elevations, with the highest scores on Depression, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Somatization. The simulators exceeded the pain group on all clinical scales of the SCL-90-R, tending to greatly overestimate the degree of psychological distress in pain patients. Simulators had extreme elevations and were more likely to obtain a T score greater than 70 on each of the clinical scales. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive power values, and optimal diagnostic cutoff scores for the clinical scales are reported. The recommended Positive Symptom Total (PST) cutoff score for "faking bad" in the SCL manual had poor specificity. The SCL-90-R warrants further study as an aid to identifying pain simulation.
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PMID:Simulated pain on the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised. 1174

A sample of chronic pain patients (N = 40) was described with reference to defence mechanisms, interpersonal problems, psychological symptoms and bodily conditions. The relationships between pain intensity and different psychological and bodily indexes were examined. The defence mechanisms of somatization and denial measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) characterized the sample. Interpersonal relations were typically overly nurturant, exploitable, non-assertive and socially avoidant according to the circumplex version of Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-C). Somatization, obsession, depression and anxiety were the highest symptom scales on the Symptom Check-List 90, revised (SCL-90-R). The Comprehensive Body Examination (CBE) produced moderate findings mainly reflecting stiffness, and the intensity of pain was medium high. The MMPI psychosomatic pattern, the combined IIP-C index consisting of the elevated subscales, and the elevated subscales on SCL-90-R were all moderately correlated with pain intensity. Contrary to our prediction, the global bodily stiffness score was unrelated to pain.
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PMID:Psychological functioning and bodily conditions in patients with pain disorder associated with psychological factors. 1180 35

Frequently, patients in environmental health out-patient units relate various complaints to their amalgam fillings. However, an association between the toxic exposure and the reported complaints appears plausible only in few cases. We investigated toxicological, allergological and psychological parameters in patients with amalgam-associated complaints and compared them to controls with similar numbers of amalgam fillings. Forty patients with health disturbances related to amalgam were compared to a control group without amalgam-associated complaints (n = 40), carefully matched for age, sex, and dental status. Mercury concentrations were analyzed in blood, saliva, and 24-h-urine. Atopic predisposition, determination of IgE, patch testing with amalgam and amalgam-associated metals and a psychometric assessment were performed in all participants. Mercury concentrations in blood or urine were similar in patients and controls. Atopic predisposition was markedly enhanced in patients (11/40) as compared to controls (5/40). Only one patient with a lichen ruber of the oral mucosa showed a contact sensitization to amalgam. Patients reported more psychic strain and higher depression scores than controls. Somatization disorders were found in 10 patients (25%) and in one control. Eighteen patients (45%) neither showed an atopic predisposition nor an influence of psychosocial factors. Toxic exposure to mercury does not appear to play a role in "amalgam disease". Since many of these patients are atopic without an "amalgam allergy", but with more psychic strain and notably more depression, the treatment should be focused on allergologic and psychological factors.
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PMID:"Amalgam disease"--poisoning, allergy, or psychic disorder? 1262 6

Personality, mental distress, and risk perception were assessed in (a) cases of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS; n = 17), (b) chemically intolerant toxic encephalopathy cases (TE), type 2A (n = 31) and 2B (n = 26), and (c) healthy referents (n = 200). MCS cases showed elevated mental distress scores on the Depression, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Global Severity Index, and Somatization scales in the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). In the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) the MCS group showed an elevation only on the Psychasthenia scale. Both TE groups showed elevations across the KSP anxiety scales Muscular Tension, Psychasthenia, and Somatic Anxiety. TE type 2B subjects also showed elevations on the Irritability and Indirect Aggression scales. However, neither MCS nor TE groups showed deviating personality characteristics in the Meta Contrast Technique test. Similarly, none of the groups deviated from referents in a risk perception inventory.
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PMID:Personality, mental distress, and risk perception in subjects with multiple chemical sensitivity and toxic encephalopathy. 1200 55

Hypnosis improves irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the mechanism is unknown. Possible physiological and psychological mechanisms were investigated in two studies. Patients with severe irritable bowel syndrome received seven biweekly hypnosis sessions and used hypnosis audiotapes at home. Rectal pain thresholds and smooth muscle tone were measured with a barostat before and after treatment in 18 patients (study I), and treatment changes in heart rate, blood pressure, skin conductance, finger temperature, and forehead electromyographic activity were assessed in 24 patients (study II). Somatization, anxiety, and depression were also measured. All central IBS symptoms improved substantially from treatment in both studies. Rectal pain thresholds, rectal smooth muscle tone, and autonomic functioning (except sweat gland reactivity) were unaffected by hypnosis treatment. However, somatization and psychological distress showed large decreases. In conclusion, hypnosis improves IBS symptoms through reductions in psychological distress and somatization. Improvements were unrelated to changes in the physiological parameters measured.
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PMID:Hypnosis treatment for severe irritable bowel syndrome: investigation of mechanism and effects on symptoms. 1245 3

This study assessed the psychometric properties of a set of nine commonly used lists in an English-speaking Hispanic sample taken from a primary care setting. Those were the General Health Questionnaire-12, the Anxiety, Depression, and Somatization scales from the SCL-90, the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36, the Holmes and Rahe Family Life Changes, abbreviated versions of the Daily Hassles and Uplifts, the Herth Hope Index, Duke Social Support and Stress scales, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and Marlowe-Crowne Brief Social Desirability Scale. 68 adult patients completed the measures via structured interview. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach alpha and the Kuder-Richardson-20. Construct validity was assessed using Pearson correlations among sets of scores. Internal consistencies were good-to-excellent for all measures except for the Duke Social Support and Stress scales (Stress scale), and the Brief Social Desirability Scale. Construct validity was suggested for all except the Mental Health and Energy/Fatigue scales of the Short Form-36. Further study is needed to verify these results in other Hispanic populations and to address other forms of reliability and validity.
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PMID:Psychometric assessment of measures of psychological symptoms, functional status, life events, and context for low income Hispanic patients in a primary care setting. 1258 23

Somatization of depression symptoms has been assumed to characterize particular cultural groups, yet evidence for this has often been anecdotal. The Mothers in a New Country (MINC) study aimed to explore cultural assumptions about somatization in three groups of immigrant women who had recently given birth in Melbourne, Australia. Physical health (SF-36 physical health dimensions and a symptom list) and depression (EPDS, SF-36 mental health dimension and self assessment) data from personal interviews with Vietnamese (n = 104), Turkish (n = 107) and Filipino (n = 107) women, conducted in women's language of choice, six to nine months after childbirth were analyzed. Comparisons with data from a statewide postal survey of Victorian women are also made. Contrary to the study hypothesis that Turkish and Vietnamese women in particular would exhibit a high degree of somatization (leading to low depression scores on the standard measures and greater reporting of somatic symptoms), Turkish women were in fact most likely of the three groups to be assessed as depressed on the two psychological measures and by self-assessment, to report high levels of somatic symptoms, and Vietnamese and Filipino women had a low prevalence of depression on all measures and relatively lower levels of somatic symptom reporting. The MINC study findings thus call into question some common cultural assumptions about depression and demonstrate the importance of designing studies which can put hypothesized cultural differences to the test.
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PMID:How useful is the concept of somatization in cross-cultural studies of maternal depression? A contribution from the Mothers in a New Country (MINC) study. 1268 39

Somatization is the expression of physical symptoms in the absence of medically explained physical illness. As a disproportionate response to psychosocial distress, somatization is usually correlated with depression. According to the idiom of distress hypothesis, the association of somatization and mental health is mitigated when somatizing indirectly expresses, and is understood by others as, emotional distress. Theory and data suggest that collectivistic societies such as South Korea (S.K.), unlike individualistic societies like the U.S. (U.S.), employ an idiom of distress. Multiple measures of physical and mental health were administered to a random sample of S.K. (n=220) and U.S. (n=215) adults. Measurement structures of physical health and mental health were comparable between samples. Individuals in both samples somatized the same number of symptoms, although the U.S. adults expressed those symptoms more frequently. Findings supported the idiom of distress hypothesis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the relationship of somatization with mental health depends on culture. Also, the disparity in mental health was greatest and favored the U.S. adults at low levels of somatization, but the disparity in mental health between countries disappeared as somatization increased.
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PMID:Somatization and mental health: a comparative study of the idiom of distress hypothesis. 1449 9

OBJECTIVES: Assess the moderating role of somatization on depression in the perception of fatigue for a healthy adult population. DESIGN: Correlational survey. METHODS: Several fatigue questionnaires, a mental health inventory, somatic complaints and demographic data were collected from a targeted, randomly selected adult sample (N = 278). RESULTS: Depression levels were positively and significantly related to all aspects of fatigue except fatigue that responds to rest and sleep (i.e. tiredness). When high levels of depression were coupled with somatization, fatigue complaints were more severe. CONCLUSIONS: Even within a non-patient population, somatization and depression had interactive effects on fatigue. Somatization increased fatigue level for the relatively dysphoric individuals.
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PMID:Multidimensional fatigue, somatic symptoms and depression. 1459 18


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