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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationships between maternal history of depressive symptoms during children's middle childhood (8-11 years) and/or concurrent maternal depressive symptoms on the one hand and teacher and self reports of conduct disorder and attention deficit behaviours when the children were 12 and 13 years old on the other were studied in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. Examination of the joint effects of maternal history of depression and concurrent depressive symptoms on child behavior showed consistent and statistically significant associations between maternal history of depression and behaviour reports. However, associations between maternal concurrent depressive symptoms and child behaviour were generally non-significant when the effects of maternal history of depression were controlled. These results persisted when errors of measurement in behaviour reports were taken into account. However, after adjustment for potentially confounding social and contextual factors the correlations between maternal history of depression and child behaviour reduced to the point of both practical and statistical non-significance. We concluded that, for this cohort, the association between maternal depressive symptoms and externalising behaviour in early adolescence arose largely from the effects of common contextual factors (principally social disadvantage and marital instability) that influenced both rates of maternal symptomatology and rates of childhood problem behaviours.
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PMID:The effects of maternal depression on child conduct disorder and attention deficit behaviours. 837 6

A 6-week randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of desipramine (DMI) in daily doses averaging 4 to 5 mg/kg for the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH) was further analyzed. Investigators examined whether comorbidity of ADDH with conduct disorder, major depression, an anxiety disorder, or a family history of ADDH predicted response to DMI treatment. There was a highly significant effect of treatment with DMI in outcome assessments, but responses to DMI were indistinguishable in ADDH patients with and without a comorbid disorder or familial ADDH. Cases of "pure" ADDH (lacking comorbidity with depression, anxiety, or conduct disorder and having a positive family history of ADDH) showed a trend toward lesser placebo responses and a corresponding greater DMI-placebo difference. These findings suggest that (1) DMI is effective in simple, noncomorbid cases, (2) DMI is not selective for comorbid cases, but (3) a response to DMI can be obtained even in complex cases of ADDH with associated comorbidity.
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PMID:A double-blind placebo controlled study of desipramine in the treatment of ADD: III. Lack of impact of comorbidity and family history factors on clinical response. 842 72

This article describes the development and evaluation of the revised Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) scales to measure conduct disorder, oppositional disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, overanxious disorder, separation anxiety and depression based on DSM-III-R symptom criteria. Problem checklist assessments were obtained from parents and teachers of children aged 6-16 and youths aged 12-16 drawn from: (1) a general population sample (N = 1751); and (2) a mental health clinic sample (N = 1027) in the same industrialized, urban setting. Evaluation of the revised OCHS scales indicates that they possess adequate psychometric properties and provide an efficient means to obtain measurements of childhood psychiatric disorder, in general population studies, that correspond to DSM-III-R classification of disorder.
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PMID:Evaluation of the revised Ontario Child Health Study scales. 844 92

This paper examines the impact of a history of conduct disorder on major depression in adulthood, including its symptomatology, comorbidity and response to tricyclic antidepressants. 103 subjects with DSM-III-R major depression were assessed for DSM-III-R axis I and II comorbidity, severity of depression, social functioning, general psychiatric symptomatology, early familial environment and family psychiatric history. 18 patients (17%) had a history of conduct disorder, 32 (31%) were subthreshold, and 53 (51%) had no childhood symptoms of conduct disorder. Depressed adults with a history of conduct disorder had significantly higher lifetime alcohol and drug dependence and virtually all (17/18, 94%) met criteria for a personality disorder. Despite this, the current episode of depression did not differ in severity, symptoms or response to treatment except that those with a history of conduct disorder were more likely to be agitated when depressed. The authors conclude that a history of conduct disorder is depressed patients predicts the presence of adult personality disorders and psychoactive substance dependence. In most other ways, depressed subjects with a history of conduct disorder were similar to other subjects.
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PMID:The effect of a history of conduct disorder in adult major depression. 868 78

Firesetting in childhood and adolescence is associated with the more severe end of the conduct-disorder continuum and is considered to be prognostic of later pathology. The literature provides limited understanding of the pathology underlying firesetting in juveniles. This study compared the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Assessment-Adolescent profiles of 28 psychiatric inpatient adolescent boys with a history of firesetting with the profiles of 96 psychiatric inpatient adolescent boys who do not have a history of firesetting. Using multivariate analyses, the firesetting group appeared more pathological than did the nonfiresetting group as reflected by significantly higher scores on three clinical scales: Psychasthenia (Pt), Schizophrenia (Sc), and Mania (Ma). The firesetting group also scored significantly higher than did the nonfiresetting group on eight of the content scales: Adolescent-Depression, Adolescent-Alienation, Adolescent-Bizarre Mentation, Adolescent-Anger, Adolescent-Conduct Problems, Adolescent-Family Problems, Adolescent-School Problems, and Adolescent-Negative Treatment Indicators. Taken together, these results suggest that the pathology associated with juvenile firesetting is more complex as well as more severe than that associated with nonfiresetting conduct disorder. The firesetting group's profiles suggest that their psychopathology is not merely a severe behavior disorder but rather is indicative of feelings of distress, alienation, depression, and thought disorder or poor reality testing. This degree of inner turmoil may be motivational impetus for the firesetting itself.
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PMID:MMPI-A profiles of adolescent boys with a history of firesetting. 868 21

The association of depression and conduct disorder is common and often perplexing in child psychiatry. Using a systematic retrospective chart review, various symptom, demographic and family history variables were compared between depression with comorbid conduct disorder and depression alone. Variables which differed between groups were entered into a stepwise discriminative function analysis. The four variables which discriminated between groups were anxiety, witness to family violence, illegal behavior, and impulsive behavior. The strongest discriminating variable, anxiety, was associated with depression without comorbid conduct disorder. These results emphasize the heterogeneity of childhood depression and potential importance of anxiety.
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PMID:Comorbidity of major depression and conduct disorder. 882 21

We examined adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) and substance problems to determine if those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology had more severe delinquency and substance involvement. ADHD symptomatology was assessed in two ways: (1) by self-reports using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC) and (2) by use of DISC plus reports of others (parents, program staff, and program teacher). We divided boys into three ADHD groups based on DISC: those who met criteria, those who reported at least eight current symptoms, and those who reported fewer than eight symptoms. We also divided the same boys into two groups: those with reports of ADHD by two or more sources and those without this multisource ADHD. Examining these definitions of ADHD revealed that boys with either self- or multisource ADHD had more CD symptoms, earlier age of CD onset, more substance dependence diagnoses, and more comorbid depression and anxiety.
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PMID:Contribution of ADHD symptoms to substance problems and delinquency in conduct-disordered adolescents. 883 4

This study examined whether adolescents with depression would produce significantly different MMPI profiles from adolescents with depression and conduct disorder. Twenty-four adolescents who met DSM-III-R criteria for major depression or dysthymia were included in the study. Nine of these 24 subjects also met DSM-III-R criteria for Conduct Disorder. Results indicated that depressed only adolescents had significantly higher elevations on scales 2 and 0 while those with depression and conduct disorder had significantly higher elevations on scales F and 9. These findings suggest that the presence of conduct disorder in depressed adolescents may lead to a veiling of their affective symptoms, thus potentially causing clinicians to underdiagnose depression in such cases.
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PMID:MMPI profiles of depressed adolescents with and without conduct disorder. 891 14

Measures of positive, negative, and total self-complexity (or self-concept differentiation), self-compartmentalization, self-reported negative events, and self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and conduct disorder were completed by 4th-, 6th-, and 8th-grade public school students. Measures of self-complexity and self-compartmentalization related positively to depression. Results were consistent across grade level. Controlling for anxiety and conduct disorder did not attenuate these effects. Results for positive and negative self-complexity were essentially equivalent to those for total self-complexity. Interactions between self-complexity and negative event and between self-compartmentalization and differential importance were not significant. The authors propose that self-complexity in childhood constitutes a response to negative self-relevant information sometimes conveyed by negative events. The authors conjecture that self-complexity does not buffer the impact of negative events in childhood but may serve as a buffer later in life.
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PMID:Relation of depressive symptoms to the structure of self-knowledge in childhood. 895 86

This study examined sibling resemblance for major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and conduct disorder, in offspring at high and low risk for depression by virtue of parental diagnosis. The sample, which ranged in age from 6 to 23 years, included 164 sibling pairs at high risk, and 68 sibling pairs at low risk. Each cohort was assessed at two waves separated by a 2-year period. Sibling resemblance in the high risk cohort was substantially greater than resemblance in the low risk cohort for anxiety disorder (and comorbid conditions including anxiety disorder), but not depression. Discussion focused on the possibility that anxiety disorder may reflect the most pronounced familial influences common to siblings at high risk for depression.
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PMID:Sibling resemblance for psychiatric disorders in offspring at high and low risk for depression. 898 71


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