Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 1-year follow-up study was carried out in 77 patients with panic attacks (panic disorder). Of these patients 43% were remitted; avoidance behaviour and chronic anxiety were more persistent than panic attacks within the 1-year period. The main predictor for features of anxiety in the follow-up was avoidance behaviour. The most prominent prognostic factor for features of depression was the history of previous depressive episodes. Female patients had a poorer outcome than male patients.
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PMID:One-year follow-up of panic disorder. Outcome and prognostic factors. 290 66

The Stress Clinic has been established for the systematic investigation and quantification of various stress factors that may produce adverse effects on health. Nine areas are investigated: social habits, social relationships, life events, psychiatric, sexual, sleep, geriatric, menstrual, and stress and the heart. The degree of stress in each area is quantified and a Stress Profile constructed for each patient. The Stress Profile can then be used to determine in which areas stress is most important and appropriate treatment can then be prescribed. In a preliminary analysis, the commonest principal diagnosis was depression (47%), followed by anxiety (27%), whilst in 18% the main stress was insomnia and in three patients an organic illness (7%). The Stress Profile is also used to assess improvement and significant reduction in many of the main stress areas has been demonstrated, coincident with response to treatment. In particular, we have been using centrally acting beta-blocking drugs in the treatment of anxiety and panic attacks with similar results.
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PMID:Experiences of a stress clinic. 290 96

One hundred fifty patients with Panic Disorder (PD) with or without Phobic Avoidance were subdivided into two groups on the basis of presence/absence of derealization and/or depersonalization (D-D) during panic attacks. D-D was found in 34.7% of the sample. By comparing the two groups, the patients with D-D were found to be younger and had an earlier onset of the disorder; they had a higher prevalence of avoidance behavior and a higher severity of the agoraphobic spectrum phobias. They were also more frequently subject to concomitant disorders such as Generalized Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and depressive symptomatology. The authors have hypothesized a correlation between the presence of D-D during panic attacks and a more frequent clinical evolution toward agoraphobia. This view is supported by finding that D-D in panic attacks corresponds to severer forms of PD, both in terms of the earlier onset of PD, and because PD shows higher levels of anxiety, depression, and disability.
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PMID:Derealization and panic attacks: a clinical evaluation on 150 patients with panic disorder/agoraphobia. 292 66

The Newcastle Anxiety Depression Diagnostic Index (NADDI) was applied to 151 patients who received a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) or a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drug. The pretreatment presence of a physical stressor and absence of agoraphobia were associated with superior MAOI effects. In women nine of the 13 NADDI items were associated with superior response to the MAOI drugs: these items comprised the absence of childhood anxiety, agoraphobia, compulsive symptoms, early awaking, and retardation, and the presence of dependent traits, neuroticism, physical stress, and panic attacks. In men the absence of suicidal tendencies and retardation, and the presence of dependent traits and panic attacks were associated with superior TCA effects. A within-treatment analysis indicated that depressed men responded better to MAOI than did anxious men.
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PMID:The Newcastle Anxiety Depression Diagnostic Index in relationship to the effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. 294 28

In a sample of 97 patients with panic attacks, presence of agoraphobia was associated with a more severe syndrome of panic anxiety both at index assessment and during one-year follow-up but was not associated with increased incidence of major depression. Groups with a history of depression--primary or secondary to the onset of panic--did not differ from the group without depression when severity of anxiety was concerned but were more severely impaired and had a higher incidence of further depressive episodes during follow-up. For future classification of panic disorder, subtypes defined according to associated syndromes of agoraphobia or depression are proposed, since these conditions appear constant through follow-up.
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PMID:Clinical subtypes in panic disorder: their descriptive and prospective validity. 294 82

Circadian rhythm abnormalities have been demonstrated in people with depression, including a tendency toward maximal symptom severity in the morning. Although a few studies have suggested that symptoms in people with anxiety are worse later in the day, no detailed study of this observation has been reported. In 86 patients with anxiety disorders (63 with panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks), anxiety symptoms tended to be more severe in the afternoon or evening than in the morning, with no abnormalities of heart rate or oral temperature. This is the first systematic demonstration of a circadian fluctuation of mood in any disorder other than depression.
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PMID:Circadian symptom fluctuations in people with anxiety disorders. 295 8

3H-Imipramine (3H-IMI) binding to platelet membranes was measured in 19 patients with agoraphobia with panic attacks, 9 patients with major depression, and 22 healthy subjects. In comparison to healthy subjects, the maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) was significantly decreased in depressed patients but not in panic disorder patients, and the apparent affinity of binding was slightly decreased in depressed patients but not in panic disorder patients. The Bmax and Kd of 3H-IMI platelet binding did not differ between panic disorder patients with and without a history of a major depressive episode. Thus, 3H-IMI platelet binding is clearly different in patients with panic disorder compared to those with an active depression. Because 3H-IMI binding is associated with the serotonin reuptake site in platelet and brain membranes, these findings give further support to abnormalities in serotonergic function in patients with major depression.
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PMID:Differential 3H-imipramine platelet binding in patients with panic disorder and depression. 303 80

A total of 169 depressed outpatients completed a 6-week double-blind study designed to compare the relative efficacy of a tricyclic antidepressant (amitriptyline) with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (phenelzine). Various "target" symptoms reported to predict preferential response to monoamine oxidase inhibitors were assessed. The major finding within the whole patient sample, based on results from serial self-report and interviewer-rated scales, was that phenelzine-treated patients showed greater improvements in anxiety symptoms than did patients treated with amitriptyline. Because of the heterogeneity of the sample, patients were classified into homogeneous subgroups of clinical interest. Data analyses of these subgroups detected important drug treatment differences not discernible by analysis of data from the overall sample. Panic attacks and corresponding anxiety symptoms were reported by about one third of the patients, more often by patients with major depression than with minor depression. Patients who reported "spells of terror or panic" responded preferentially to phenelzine on several measures, particularly on items measuring anxiety. Results suggest that phenelzine may be a preferred drug for treating depressed patients with panic attacks.
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PMID:The influence of panic attacks on response to phenelzine and amitriptyline in depressed outpatients. 306 42

Three definitions of atypical depression are evaluated with respect to the effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) on the basis of pooled data from several double-blind studies. Those three definitions of atypical depression are depression with associated panic, depression secondary to a diagnosis of anxiety, and depression with reversed vegetative change. In none of these forms was a drug difference observed. However, when gender was taken into account, MAOIs were superior to TCAs in depressed women with panic attacks, whereas TCAs were superior to MAOIs in depressed men with panic attacks.
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PMID:Forms of atypical depression and their response to antidepressant drugs. 308 45

Fifty-six general practitioners, experienced in the use of diagnostic criteria from DSM III for affective and anxiety disorders, have taken part in a study involving 352 patients, 92 males (26%) and 260 females (74%) with an average age of 38.6 +/- 13.5. The epidemiologic part of this work consists in a case-control comparison of socio-demographic characteristics among subjects with panic disturbance and others unaffected with it. It allows to conclude that panic disturbance is two times more frequent in women than in men and most often in young people. The results of the therapeutic with Clomipramine at low dosage (40 mg) objective a complete removal of panic attacks in 21.5% and 64% of patients after a respectively 15 days treatment. Other criteria of evaluation (Hamilton Depression Rating scale--HDRS), Montgomery and Asberg Depression Scale--MADRS--, clinician's global assessment) evolve favorably also. It is however interesting to note that though it is not in originally more depressed patients that panic disturbance is most improved by treatment, there is on the other hand a correlation between scores from MADRS and HDRS and the number of panic attacks under treatment. These results corroborate the hypothesis that Clomipramine can be effective at low dosage in some patients with panic disturbance--here, slightly less than 2/3 of the cases--while for other patients higher dosages are necessary.
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PMID:[Panic disorder in general medicine. Epidemiological data and treatment with clomipramine]. 321 39


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