Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients with panic disorder received therapeutic doses of antidepressants. They developed endogenomorphic symptoms of major depression according to DSM-III-R criteria despite remission of their panic attacks. Treatment-emergent depression in panic disorder has been previously associated with high potency benzodiazepines. Whether antidepressant medications may unmask a depressive diathesis or are coincidentally associated with depression is discussed in this report.
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PMID:Treatment-emergent depression with antidepressants in panic disorder. 273 26

1. The paper presents a naturalistic study of 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and treatment response in panic disorder. 2. Twenty-eight patients unmedicated for at least one month were entered in a study of MHPG in panic disorder, and given the option of continuing or not continuing treatment. 3. At baseline and on average follow-up 6.8 months later, patients continuing in treatment had significantly lower MHPG than those who did not. 4. At baseline, the two groups of patients did not differ significantly as to number of panic attacks, Zung anxiety scale, and Beck and Hamilton Depression scales. 5. Treated patients did better on all clinical measures at follow-up. 6. Low MHPG may be related to persistence in seeking treatment for panic disorder, and perhaps to treatment response.
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PMID:Low MHPG and continuing treatment in panic disorder. 278 Oct 42

We investigated the possible existence of endogenous compounds acting on benzodiazepine central receptors in the serum of patients with panic attacks or depression. Our results show the presence of a substance which inhibits the 3H-flunitrazepam binding specifically in the samples taken from the patients' groups, and which is not present in normal controls, in the range of concentrations used. This compound has a molecular weight below 1,000 daltons, is heat-stable, and resistant to proteolytic degradation. The demonstration of this inhibitor opens new perspectives in the study of the biochemistry of anxiety.
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PMID:A 3H-flunitrazepam binding inhibitor is present in psychiatric patients' sera. 283 59

Panic disorder, comprising also agoraphobia for the purpose of this review, has a prevalence of 1.2-8.4 per cent, affecting females twice as frequently as males, and has a mean age of onset of 25. It is one of the more familial diseases in Psychiatry in that 2/3 of cases have relatives affected with the same condition, and the risk to first degree relatives is approximately 3-4 times the rate of the general population. Although some family studies have suggested an overlap in the transmission of panic disorders and depression, and a common diathesis hypothesis has been proposed, depression is more common in the families of depressives, as in panic disorder in the families of probands with panic disorder. Twin studies of anxiety disorders, although limited in number, report a 30-40 per cent concordance among MZ twins, against 0-4 per cent among DZ twins, which supports a genetic predisposition. The mode of transmission is uncertain. Studies which have used the 'ancestral pairs' method (which examines the incidence of the condition in maternal versus paternal forebears, on the assumption that single locus transmission is favored by unilateral clustering, and polygenic theories are favored by a more even spread) have favored single locus transmission, although such unilateral clustering can still be accommodated within a multifactorial-polygenic hypothesis. Potential biological markers for the condition are reviewed. The observation that lactate infusion can precipitate panic attacks in predisposed individuals is well established. The association with mitral valve prolapse suggests that perhaps 38 per cent of patients presenting with symptoms of panic disorders have mitral valve prolapse on echocardiography. The possibility of an endogenous anxiety-producing agent that binds to the benzodiazepine receptor is discussed.
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PMID:The genetics of panic disorder and agoraphobia. 286 87

An accumulation of research results, laboratory and clinic, leads to revise the classification of disorders of anxious nature (anxiety disorders according to the DSM-III). An empirical confirmation allows to separate anxious states from panic attack and phobic behavior constituting a component separated from generalized anxiety, exaggerated emotional reactions to stress agents and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The response to pharmacotherapeutic agents and the important number of anxiety depression and mixed depression tends to make permeable the separating line between the nosological entities anxiety and depression. The observations of subjects suffering from endogenous anxiety obliges to revise the classification by introducing three varieties of neurotic anxiety: phobic endogenous anxiety, endogenous anxiety without phobic formation, and exogenous anxiety. Endogenous anxiety is close to the concept of anxious thymopathy. By its pragmatic conception, modifications obtained by psychoactive agents are used (antidepressants of the group imipramine and IMAO, classical benzodiazepines and alprazolam, provocation controlled in laboratory) in order to strengthen innovating hypotheses and allow to elaborate useful treatment strategies for neuroses.
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PMID:[New proposals for the development of the concepts of neurotic anxiety, major depression and panic attack]. 286 69

Patients who met DSM-III criteria for agoraphobia with panic attacks underwent dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) before, during, and after treatment with alprazolam or placebo. Similarly, outpatients with major depression were given multiple DSTs as they participated in a study of desmethylimipramine efficacy. The likelihood of an abnormal escape from dexamethasone was similar in the two diagnostic groups; nonsuppression was somewhat more likely among patients with primary depression, but comparisons with agoraphobic groups remained statistically insignificant. These results apparently did not reflect misclassification of primary depression patients as agoraphobics since a history of major depression was not related to the likelihood of nonsuppression within that group. Moreover, change in DST results during treatment reflected clinical change among agoraphobics. After a review of relevant followup and family studies, we conclude that panic disorder and primary depression are separate illnesses and that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity is an epiphenomenon of both.
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PMID:Abnormal escape from dexamethasone suppression in agoraphobia with panic attacks. 286 58

The fact that unadaptive neurotic anxiety response habits are learned makes it necessary for the stimulus antecedents to be accurately defined in every case in order to plan effective treatment. This requirement has been frequently neglected in recent years that have witnessed a growing tendency to apply common treatments to cases with common labels, e.g. agoraphobia. This paper argues for the desirability of accurate individual diagnosis, and illustrates its benefits in unique cases and also in respect of three common syndromes--agoraphobia, panic attacks and depression.
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PMID:Individualization: the categorical imperative of behavior therapy practice. 287 7

Post-traumatic stress disorder may follow combat stress or civilian psychological traumata. In 25 retrospectively studied patients, symptoms were severe in terms of number of DSM-III items fulfilled, chronicity, and severity of psychosocial disability. Antidepressants had good or moderate results in 67% of cases treated, but major tranquilisers were much less effective; response to drug treatment was not clearly related to somatisation symptoms, significant depression, or panic attacks. Pharmacotherapy appeared to have had a positive impact on psychotherapy in 70% of cases.
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PMID:Post-traumatic stress disorder following combat exposure: clinical features and psychopharmacological treatment. 287 5

Panic attacks occurred for the first time in a patient suffering from delusional depression during treatment with a combination of an antidepressant and a neuroleptic. His anxiety proneness along with a dysphoric response to the neuroleptic were deemed responsible for these attacks. It is proposed that neuroleptic-induced dysphoric responses may be responsible for therapeutic failure in some cases of psychotic depression.
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PMID:Neuroleptic-induced panic attacks in a patient with delusional depression. 288 74

Fifty-two patients with panic disorder who had been receiving active benzodiazepine treatment for 8 weeks were assessed by using the outcome measures of spontaneous and situational panic attacks, scores on the Hamilton scales for anxiety and for depression, and scores on self-rated disability scales. Although spontaneous panic attacks were not affected by the presence of any personality disorder, the remaining outcome measures showed a strong and negative association with DSM-III antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders. There was also a mild negative association with avoidant personality disorder. A subgroup of patients with both major depression and panic disorder appeared more strongly affected.
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PMID:DSM-III personality disorders and the outcome of treated panic disorder. 290 Dec 36


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