Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3-week-old patient underwent cataract extraction under halothane anesthesia. After induction of anesthesia and instillation of phenylephrine hydrochloride eyedrops, the patient experienced cyanosis and cardiovascular depression. Her condition improved over the next 10 minutes. The possible contributions of halothane and phenylephrine to this response are discussed.
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PMID:Cyanosis and cardiovascular depression in a neonate: complications of halothane anesthesia or phenylephrine eyedrops? 381 54

The disposition and disposal of the -SH groups of the lens during aging and cataractogenesis have been investigated by laser Raman spectroscopy as a noninvasive microprobe in the intact living lens. In this procedure -SH and -S-S- give unique discrete Raman signals (at 2580 and 508 cm-1) that may be used to calculate relative concentrations in a very small volume of the lens. We present evidence showing an unexpected and remarkable difference with respect to these groups between the mouse lens and the lenses of guinea pig and man. The mouse lens nucleus exhibits a precipitous fall in the -SH concentration on aging from 1 to 6 months; concomitantly, there is a rise in -S-S- of comparable magnitude, indicating a direct conversion. The guinea pig lens, however, is quite different with respect to the age-dependent change in nuclear -S-S-: there is none between 6 months and 5 years. In the human lens -S-S- behaves exactly as in the guinea pig lens: the level is low and does not change with age between 9 and 65 years. With respect to nuclear -SH, these two latter species of lenses show some decrease with age but nothing like the approach to zero found in the aging mouse lens nucleus. These differences involving lenticular -SH and -S-S- appear to be correlated with the hard nucleus in the mouse lens and the softer nuclei of lenses in guinea pigs and humans. The relatively high level of -S-S- in the old but clear mouse lens does not support the idea that protein aggregation involving formation of intermolecular -S-S- bonds is necessarily an important cause of nuclear cataract. The small but significant age-related depression of -SH in guinea pig lens nuclei without any accumulation of -S-S- may be explained as a result of glutathione (GSH) oxidation and subsequent extrusion of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) by the lens. We propose that the oxidation of glutathione proceeds by reaction with protein disulfide groups to yield protein sulfhydryl (PSH) and a mixed disulfide of glutathione and protein; the mixed disulfide is capable of being reduced by glutathione reductase and NADPH, yielding the original PSH and GSSG, which is extruded from the lens. It remains to be determined if this mechanism is more active in guinea pig and human lenses than in the mouse lens.
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PMID:Disulfide bond formation in the eye lens. 386 9

Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis is a rare but significant cause of visual impairment. This form of uveitis is misdiagnosed more than any other in the entire field of uveitis. This is particularly true among brown-eyed individuals in whom gross heterochromia may not be diagnosed for many years. The clinical presentation of Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis may include a number of generally unrecognised variants among which are Koeppe nodules, transient synechia formations, and blood-filled cysts. Recently the relationship of heterochromic iridocyclitis to posterior inflammatory lesions, such as those of toxoplasmosis, has been explored. Although the disease was once thought to be a degenerative or trophic disorder, current investigations reveal that it is a true inflammation of immunologic origin. The disorder may be related to a depression of suppressor T-cell activity. The aetiology of the disease is still obscure, but in some cases an association with simple heterochromia has been found among families in whom multiple members are affected by either simple heterochromia or Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis. Corticosteroid treatment of Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis is not effective and should be reserved for those patients in whom inflammatory products obstruct the visual axis. Most patients should be treated by observation alone. Cataract and glaucoma are the most important complications. Treatment of the glaucoma is particularly difficult and often unsuccessful.
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PMID:Doyne lecture. Heterochromic iridocyclitis. 389 9

In the bovine lens the gamma IV-crystallin fraction is a principal determinant of the phase separation and opacification temperature, Tc (Siezen et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 1985, 1701). We have now measured the effect on Tc of purified gamma IV-crystallin solutions produced by a variety of reagents which affect protein-protein, protein-water and water-water interactions. Ionic strengths less than physiological increase Tc dramatically, while higher ionic strength has very little effect. Calcium ion concentrations up to 8 mM produce no change in Tc. Glycerol and acrylamide both depress Tc linearly with reagent concentrations; Tc depression of gamma IV-crystallin by these compounds is quantitatively the same as for whole lens. Sulfhydryl reducing agents such as glutathione and dithiothreitol lower Tc, while hydrogen peroxide increases Tc. Changes in opacification temperature of gamma IV-crystallin produced by oxidizing and reducing agents are time-dependent and highly non-linear with reagent concentration. Our results clearly show that bovine gamma IV-crystallin is an important target protein for various reagents which are known perturbants of the opacification temperature of whole lens. The relevance of these findings to human diabetic and senile cataract formation is discussed.
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PMID:Controlled modulation of the phase separation and opacification temperature of purified bovine gamma IV-crystallin. 406 30

The synthetic non-steroidal antioestrogen nafoxidine (U-11, 100A) was given by mouth to 52 women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer, in 85% of whom the disease had become resistant to, or relapsed after, previous endocrine treatment. The objective response rate (complete or partial regression of disease) among 48 cases treated for at least four weeks was 37%. Tumours in soft tissue seemed to respond better than skeletal metastases. The patients in all but one of the 52 cases were postmenopausal. Those who had had an objective response to previous hormone treatment had a greater chance of deriving benefit from nafoxidine than those who had been resistant to hormone treatment.Side effects of nafoxidine were dryness of skin, increased loss of scalp hair, and heightened sensitivity to sunlight. None were serious, and they could be lessened by protection from solar radiation or a decrease in dosage. No obvious depression of thyroid or adrenal function or obvious water retention or masculinization was seen. Cataract was a possible complication.This clinical trial was preceded by laboratory studies in which a transplantable oestrogen-dependent tumour in the Syrian hamster was notably inhibited by the administration of nafoxidine. This experimental model may prove useful in screening potentially useful antioestrogenic agents against breast cancer before a human trial.
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PMID:Antioestrogens in treatment of breast cancer: value of nafoxidine in 52 advanced cases. 436 55

A Binkhorst iridocapsular intraocular lens was implanted into an eye of a patient after an extracapsular cataract extraction. The patient died 4 months after surgery of gastric cancer. The eye was obtained for histopathologic examination at the autopsy. The superior loop was inside the residual capsular bag causing no damage to the iris and ciliary body. The inferior loop, however, was found outside the capsular sac and caused depression of the iris tissue but neither inflammation nor scarring of the iris had developed. These findings emphasize the importance of the location of iridocapsular intraocular lenses which can cause mechanical damage to the supporting tissues if the loops are not placed inside the capsular bag.
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PMID:A histomorphological study on the effect of iridocapsular intraocular lens on the iris. A case report. 618 76

Advances in phacoemulsification and self-sealing wound construction have made topical anesthesia an effective and reliable method of obtaining ocular anesthesia. It has many advantages over the traditional retrobulbar or peribulbar technique. I have performed more than 1800 cases of phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation through a 3 mm, self-sealing, corneal tunnel incision with topical anesthesia and the use of the Bloomberg SuperNumb Anesthetic Ring. This article presents the procedure. Results show the benefits of topical anesthesia and the anesthetic ring, including elimination of the risks of globe penetration, retrobulbar hemorrhage, respiratory depression, intradural or subarachnoid injection, ptosis, and diplopia, as well as instant return of vision.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1995 Jan
PMID:Topical anesthesia using the Bloomberg SuperNumb Anesthetic Ring. 772 92

Focal retinal pathology and dysfunction as a sequel to manifest damage due to operating microscope illumination is well recognised. We wished to determine whether retinal dysfunction could be identified in the absence of clinically visible lesions. We therefore have conducted a prospective controlled study on 36 patients undergoing cataract surgery and 27 control subjects. A Wild M690 zoom operating microscope was used for each procedure. No filters were used. The Humphrey visual field equipment was employed to determine threshold retinal sensitivity at predetermined loci above and below fixation in both groups. No clinically visible retinal lesions were seen in any patient. However, post-operative investigation revealed a statistically significant depression in retinal sensitivity at points most exposed to operating microscope illumination (p < 0.05). This was most noticeable following longer total operating times and in patients with the longest time intervals between lens extraction and completion of the procedure. It is concluded that operating microscope position and centration, and the position of the eye, should be adjusted to place the image of the illuminating element away from the foveola. Also retinal illumination should be kept to a minimum, particularly after an intraocular lens has been implanted.
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PMID:Subclinical operating microscope retinopathy: the use of static perimetry in its detection. 782 76

To investigate the association between depression and vision, 100 cataract operation patients (25 were men and 75 women) aged 71 to 76 years were studied. One day before the operation and 3 mo. after, the patients' depression was tested with the short form of the Beck Depression Inventory and their personalities with Mini-Mult MMPI. The cataract operation restored visual acuity sufficient for reading (minimum E-test value 0.40) to 79% of the subjects. The analysis indicated that their depression was significantly correlated with vision only after the cataract operation. Depression increased with weakened visual acuity and diminished with improved visual acuity. Part of the postoperation depression was, however, associated with glaucoma and serious somatic diseases (asthma, cerebrovascular disorders, and heart diseases).
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PMID:Correlation between depression and vision in aged patients before and after cataract operations. 798 17

Although usually safe, retrobulbar anesthesia and peribulbar anesthesia have potentially sight- and life-threatening complications. Although it has been suggested that peribulbar anesthesia is as effective and safer than retrobulbar anesthesia, no large study has addressed the true rate of complications. To determine the efficacy and safety of peribulbar anesthesia, this study prospectively examined 16,224 consecutive peribulbar blocks. Twelve centers in the United States, Germany, and Chile participated in the study. After a peribulbar block was administered, the degree of akinesia, amaurosis, percentage of supplemental blocks required, and side effects and complications occurring after the block and for six weeks were recorded. Perioperative and late optic nerve complications were included. To approximate a real-life situation, ophthalmologists, anesthesiologists, and certified registered nurse anesthetists performed the blocks. Ninety-five percent of patients achieved a 95% or greater degree of akinesia. The incidence of complications in the consecutive cases was low. Orbital hemorrhage occurred in 12 cases (0.74%). There was one globe perforation (0.006%), two expulsive hemorrhages (0.013%), one grand mal seizure (0.006%), and no cases of cardiac or respiratory depression or deaths. Peribulbar is as effective as retrobulbar anesthesia and appears to lead to fewer sight- and life-threatening complications, even when slightly different peribulbar techniques are used. This is especially true when the anesthetic is administered with a 1 1/4-inch or shorter needle with the eye in the primary position, followed by ten to 15 minutes of ocular compression.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1994 May
PMID:Efficacy and complication rate of 16,224 consecutive peribulbar blocks. A prospective multicenter study. 772 98


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