Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dissociation is a common experience during or immediately after a traumatic event; yet, most of the current knowledge regarding dissociation is retrospective in nature. The aim of the present study investigated a non-pharmacological method of dissociative induction with a clinical sample. Participants with PTSD and non-trauma exposed participants were randomly assigned to receive either a dissociative induction, or a serenity induction, based on modified Velten mood induction procedures. Participants receiving the dissociative induction reported higher state-dissociation than those receiving the serenity induction. The PTSD group reported greater state dissociation than the non-trauma exposed group, regardless of induction. State dissociation was related to trait dissociation, PTSD severity, and depression. The present results provide an initial demonstration of the viability for inducing state dissociation in the laboratory with a PTSD sample.
 ...
PMID:Dissociation and serenity induction. 1697 25

Knowledge of maternal stress and its direct influence on the developing embryo and fetus (prenate) can influence psychotherapeutic treatment decisions, especially when treating patients who are severely traumatized and dissociative. Not only may maternal stress alter prenate neurobiological attachment and stress systems in the limbic-hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (LHPA) and limbic-autonomic nervous system (L-ANS), but it may also shape the development of prenate 'fixed action patterns' built from primitive defensive reflex activation. As a result, the offspring's defensive, mating and caregiving behavior may all be biased towards survival in a threatening world and may be more readily transmitted to subsequent generations. This theoretical article provides a prenatal relational model that outlines experience- dependent prenate development that is contingent on and concordant with maternal regulation and dysregulation. Not only anxiety, depression and anger, but also posttraumatic stress and dissociation in the mother, may affect the neurobiology of the prenate.
J Trauma Dissociation 2007
PMID:"Down will come baby": prenatal stress, primitive defenses and gestational dysregulation. 1803 45

Dissociation is regarded as a possible psychological mechanism in nonepileptic seizures (NES), although existing evidence for this is equivocal. It has been suggested that the contradictory findings in this area reflect the use of measures that conflate qualitatively distinct types of dissociation, and provide inadequate coverage of the aspects of dissociation most closely related to NES. The study described here addressed this shortcoming by measuring the occurrence of two different types of dissociation, "detachment" (measured using the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale) and "compartmentalization" (measured using the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire), in patients with NES (n=32) and epilepsy controls (n=37). As predicted, patients with NES scored significantly higher on the measure of compartmentalization only; contrary to prediction, however, this difference was no longer significant when anxiety and depression were controlled for. The conceptual and methodological implications of the study are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of two types of dissociation in epileptic and nonepileptic seizures. 1851 35

High dissociation has been linked to severe psychopathology. However, relatively little is known about the impact of dissociation on treatment outcome. We sought to examine (a) whether initial levels of dissociation predicted treatment outcome, (b) whether changes in dissociation were associated with changes in other forms of psychopathology, and (c) to what extent individuals with high initial dissociation reported meaningful symptom improvement. Participants (N = 174) were patients at an outpatient trauma clinic. Initial dissociation was significantly associated with general symptom severity. Change in dissociation was significantly and positively associated with change in posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, suicidal ideation, and self-harm. Approximately 40% of high dissociators demonstrated reliable decreases in dissociation during treatment.
J Trauma Dissociation 2008
PMID:Attending to dissociation: assessing change in dissociation and predicting treatment outcome. 1904 80

Pathological dissociation has been extensively studied in many countries; however, little is known about it in Portugal. This research examined the role of demographic variables and mental health on dissociation in Portugal. We assessed 505 participants from 6 samples consisting of dissociative patients (n = 37), conversive patients (n = 26), somaticizing patients (n = 59), posttraumatic stress disorder patients (n = 50), other psychiatric patients (n = 174), and nonclinical subjects (n = 159). Dissociation was measured by Portuguese versions of the Dissociative Experiences Scale and Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire; the LEAD procedure and subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory indicated mental health. Pathological psychological dissociation was significantly more frequent in women, in the youngest of the participants, and in those with less education. Multiple logistic regression revealed that psychoticism, paranoid ideation, and depression symptoms made both men and women more vulnerable to psychological dissociation. Furthermore, psychological dissociation was more probable in men having symptoms of obsession and paranoid ideation and in women having symptoms of psychoticism and paranoid ideation. Pathological somatoform dissociation was significantly more probable in women with less education. Moreover, somatoform dissociation was more likely in women with somatization symptoms and more likely in men with symptoms of somatization and psychoticism. Even though significant associations were found, causal relations could not be established because the study was cross-sectional.
J Trauma Dissociation 2008
PMID:Demographic and mental health factors associated with pathological dissociation in a Portuguese sample. 1904 84

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of various dissociative phenomena in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their possible implications in manifestation and course of depression. We administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and a self-questionnaire of life events to 27 patients with MDD and to 40 healthy participants in order to collect information on traumatic events. Patients who scored >or= 20 on the DES were also assessed to determine the presence of dissociative disorder. Patients with MDD reported a significantly higher mean score on the DES than the comparison healthy participants. In all, 12 out of 27 patients with MDD reported childhood trauma, and their mean score on the DES representing absorption and imaginative involvement was significantly higher than that of participants without childhood trauma. Also, 7% of our MDD patients were diagnosed with dissociative disorder during this study. The principal limitations of the study were its small sample size and the use of a nonstandardized trauma measure. These findings indicate that dissociative phenomena should not be overlooked in MDD. Screening methods and structured interview for dissociative disorders are useful in psychiatric and psychological practice. Further studies should analyze the role and clinical consequence of different forms of dissociation experiences.
J Trauma Dissociation 2008
PMID:Dissociation in major depressive disorder: a pilot study. 1904 86

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social anxiety and dissociation among male patients with alcohol dependency. Participants were 176 male patients consecutively admitted to an alcohol dependency treatment unit. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised were administered to all participants. The dissociative (N=58, 33.0%) group had significantly higher social anxiety scores than the non-dissociative participants. Patients with a history of suicide attempt or childhood abuse had elevated social anxiety scores compared to those without. In multivariate analysis, dissociative taxon membership predicted both of the two social anxiety subscale scores consisting of fear/anxiety and avoidance in a highly significant level while trait anxiety was a significant covariant for these subscales. Among dissociative symptoms, only depersonalization and amnesia/fugue were predictors of social anxiety. Dissociation and social anxiety are interrelated among alcohol-dependent men. This relationship may have implications for prevention and treatment of alcohol dependency among men with a childhood trauma history in particular.
 ...
PMID:Social anxiety and dissociation among male patients with alcohol dependency. 1916 31

The purpose of this study was to explore relations and mediating factors among dissociation, depression, and state-trait anxiety for individuals who experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, both physical and sexual abuse, or no abuse. In all, 549 Turkish undergraduate university students participated in the study and completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a demographic measure. Both physical abuse and sexual abuse were associated with elevated levels of dissociative symptoms and with pathological dissociation. Results demonstrated that patterns of relations between anxiety, depression, and the forms of dissociation differed significantly among the participants who reported sexual abuse as compared with the other groups. Results suggest that dissociative symptomatology may differ in its relation to depression and anxiety according to abuse subtype.
J Trauma Dissociation 2009
PMID:Relations among anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms: the influence of abuse subtype. 1919 14

The objective of this study was to examine the changes in psychiatric symptoms and interpersonal problems in 34 adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder who attended a 3-month inpatient treatment program. Levels of posttraumatic, depressive, and general psychiatric symptoms and interpersonal problems were assessed at pre-care evaluation, admission, discharge, and 1-year follow-up using the Impact of Event Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Symptom Check List 90 Revised, and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Work status was assessed at admission and at follow-up. Significant improvements were seen during treatment on the global scores of all instruments except the Beck Depression Inventory. At follow-up, patients had kept their gains on symptom measures and experienced further progress regarding interpersonal problems. At discharge, 3 of the previously 32 unemployed patients were able to return to work. Patients with comorbid somatization disorder tended to have higher levels of distress and less favorable treatment response. Future studies should include pre- and posttreatment assessment of dissociation to evaluate its association with outcome.
J Trauma Dissociation 2009
PMID:Inpatient treatment for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse: a preliminary outcome study. 1958 39

Findings on the association between dissociation and alexithymia in adult populations are inconsistent. Dissociation has also been related to other types of psychopathology. Few studies have been published on these connections among adolescents. We examined the association between Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) scores and those for the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR), as well as subscales of the TAS and the YSR, in a sample of Finnish adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (n=4019). Factor analysis suggested that dissociation can be considered distinctive from other psychopathology. A-DES scores, however, associated strongly with several other scales and subscales measuring psychiatric symptoms. In logistic regression models the strongest associations were observable between the A-DES and TAS subscale 'difficulty identifying feelings' (DIF) and the YSR subscale 'thought problems'. Thus, dissociation and alexithymia can be considered distinctive but overlapping phenomena.
 ...
PMID:Adolescent dissociation and alexithymia are distinctive but overlapping phenomena. 2006 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>