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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Psychological issues surrounding the care of patients with cardiovascular disease are many and diverse. This paper discusses three main areas: cognitions, emotions, and social support. The examples given relate primarily to post-myocardial infarction patients but the concepts discussed are relevant to other aspects of cardiovascular disease. Patients' cognitions can influence early help seeking for symptoms of myocardial infarction, attendance at cardiac rehabilitation, behaviour change, and return to work. Depression and anxiety are common following myocardial infarction and can be associated with increased mortality. Mood changes must therefore be addressed as part of the cardiac rehabilitation programme. Social support also plays an important part in cardiac rehabilitation.
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PMID:The psychological perspective: a professional view. 1269 29

Mood changes, cognitive deficits, and psychosis have been reported during corticosteroid therapy. However, minimal data are available on the treatment of these side effects. This pilot study examined the effect of 12 weeks of open-label lamotrigine treatment (dose: mean=340 mg/day, SD=65) on mood and cognition in five patients receiving prescription corticosteroids continuously for at least 6 months before study entry. The participants showed significant improvement in cognition with lamotrigine. Two subjects who met criteria for a current major depressive episode at baseline had baseline-to-exit reductions in scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale of more than 20 points. These pilot data suggest that lamotrigine may be associated with improved mood and performance on cognitive tasks in steroid-treated patients. Larger controlled trials are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
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PMID:Effect of lamotrigine on mood and cognition in patients receiving chronic exogenous corticosteroids. 1272 1

A reduced feeling of well being with unusual anxiety and irritability, nervousness, mood swings and a depressive state are often mentioned as the psychological symptoms of the age-related hypogonadism. However, psychological aspect of andropause has not yet been specifically studied and most data on psychological symptoms come from researchers' clinical impressions rather than from systematic studies. Therefore, it seems premature to assign them to the age-associated decline in testosterone levels. The implication of testosterone in psychological state has yielded mixed results. Among elderly men, lower testosterone levels were associated with depressive or dysthymic symptoms. Moreover, lower testosterone levels were reported in men with depression, independently of age. In contrast, some studies did not observe any significant difference in testosterone levels between depressed men and controls. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that testosterone replacement improved mood in hypogonadal men, but others did not, as in studies on eugonadal men. Several researchers have also suggested the potential use of testosterone as an antidepressant or adjuvant to current treatments in depressed hypogonadal men. The relationship between andropause and psychological symptoms such as depression is far from clear. Andropause may be associated with "minor depressive symptoms" that are not considered as pathological. Psychological manifestations do not appear specific to andropause and probably have a multifactorial origin.
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PMID:[Testosterone and depression in men aged over 50 years. Andropause and psychopathology: minimal systemic work-up]. 1277 56

To date, there has been little investigation of the neurobiological basis of emotion processing abnormalities in psychiatric populations. We have previously discussed two neural systems: 1) a ventral system, including the amygdala, insula, ventral striatum, ventral anterior cingulate gyrus, and prefrontal cortex, for identification of the emotional significance of a stimulus, production of affective states, and automatic regulation of emotional responses; and 2) a dorsal system, including the hippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus, and prefrontal cortex, for the effortful regulation of affective states and subsequent behavior. In this critical review, we have examined evidence from studies employing a variety of techniques for distinct patterns of structural and functional abnormalities in these neural systems in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. In each psychiatric disorder, the pattern of abnormalities may be associated with specific symptoms, including emotional flattening, anhedonia, and persecutory delusions in schizophrenia, prominent mood swings, emotional lability, and distractibility in bipolar disorder during depression and mania, and with depressed mood and anhedonia in major depressive disorder. We suggest that distinct patterns of structural and functional abnormalities in neural systems important for emotion processing are associated with specific symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar and major depressive disorder.
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PMID:Neurobiology of emotion perception II: Implications for major psychiatric disorders. 1294 80

Korsakoff's syndrome of obscure etiology was observed in a 34-year-old single woman with an 11-year history of hirsutism and mood swings, and previous hospitalizations for mania three years ago and depression 11 years ago.Recently the virilism had intensified with increased muscularity and coarsening of facial features. The 24-hour urinary 17-ketosteroids ranged between 14.4 mg. and 21.5 mg. and were suppressed by dexamethasone. The 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion was normal. These and other findings suggested a diagnosis of adrenal virilism due to adrenocortical hyperplasia. In the absence of other discernible causes it appeared that the adrenal pathology was responsible for the Korsakoff's syndrome. Both conditions responded well to glucocorticoid therapy although low doses were necessary to avoid mania.It is speculated that the encephalopathy was due to an associated adrenal insufficiency. Although hypoadrenalism is accepted as a complication of only the infant form of adrenal virilism, it is noteworthy that this patient had pathological pigmentation of her skin.
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PMID:KORSAKOFF'S SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH ADRENAL VIRILISM. 1415 54

Toxigenic mold activities produce metabolites that are either broad-spectrum antibiotics or mycotoxins that are cytotoxic. Indoor environmental exposure to these toxigenic molds leads to adverse health conditions with the main outcome measure of frequent neuroimmunologic and behavioral consequences. One of the immune system disorders found in patients presenting with toxigenic mold exposure is an abnormal natural killer cell activity. This paper presents an overview of the neurological significance of abnormal natural killer cell (NKC) activity in chronic toxigenic mold exposure. A comprehensive review of the literature was carried out to evaluate and assess the conditions under which the immune system could be dysfunctionally interfered with leading to abnormal NKC activity and the involvement of mycotoxins in these processes. The functions, mechanism, the factors that influence NKC activities, and the roles of mycotoxins in NKCs were cited wherever necessary. The major presentations are headache, general debilitating pains, nose bleeding, fevers with body temperatures up to 40 degrees C (104 degrees F), cough, memory loss, depression, mood swings, sleep disturbances, anxiety, chronic fatigue, vertigo/dizziness, and in some cases, seizures. Although sleep is commonly considered a restorative process that is important for the proper functioning of the immune system, it could be disturbed by mycotoxins. Most likely, mycotoxins exert some rigorous effects on the circadian rhythmic processes resulting in sleep deprivation to which an acute and transient increase in NKC activity is observed. Depression, psychological stress, tissue injuries, malignancies, carcinogenesis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis could be induced at very low physiological concentrations by mycotoxin-induced NKC activity. In the light of this review, it is concluded that chronic exposures to toxigenic mold could lead to abnormal NKC activity with a wide range of neurological consequences, some of which were headache, general debilitating pains, fever, cough, memory loss, depression, mood swings, sleep disturbances, anxiety, chronic fatigue, and seizures.
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PMID:The neurological significance of abnormal natural killer cell activity in chronic toxigenic mold exposures. 1462 99

Human exposure assessment and the results of implementing 'precautionary avoidance' suggested a relationship between a hairdresser's neuropsychiatric symptoms and occupational exposure to potentially hazardous chemicals. A variety of investigations in response to patient complaints of depression, emotional instability and various physical symptoms revealed no objective abnormality; the CH2OPD2 mnemonic (community, home, hobbies, occupation, personal habits, diet and drugs) recommended by the Ontario College of Family Physicians was used as a first-line screening tool to assess potential environmental exposure to toxins. After occupational leave of absence, the patient reported cessation of symptoms. Environmental causes for familiar medical problems are frequently undiagnosed; it is recommended that, where appropriate, a screening tool for evaluation of environmental exposure to toxics be incorporated into primary care assessment and management of patients.
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PMID:Human exposure assessment and relief from neuropsychiatric symptoms: case study of a hairdresser. 1508 73

Several studies have demonstrated that psychiatric symptoms such as depression, mood swings, and aggression may be ameliorated by supplementation with broad-based nutrient formulas containing vitamins, minerals, and sometimes essential fatty acids. These findings have been reported in young criminal offenders as well as in adults with mood disturbance and other psychiatric disorders. The purpose of the current case series was to explore the potential efficacy of a nutrient supplement in children. Children with mood and behavioral problems (N = 11; 7 boys, 4 girls; 8-15 years old) participated; 9 completed this open-label trial. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Youth Outcome Questionnaire (YOQ), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) at entry and following at least 8 weeks of treatment. Intent-to-treat analyses revealed decreases on the YOQ (p < 0.001) and the YMRS (p < 0.01) from baseline to final visit. For the 9 completers, improvement was significant on seven of the eight CBCL scales, the YOQ, and the YMRS (p values from 0.05-0.001). Effect sizes for all outcome measures were relatively large. The findings suggest that formal clinical trials of broad nutritional supplementation are warranted in children with these psychiatric symptoms.
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PMID:Improved mood and behavior during treatment with a mineral-vitamin supplement: an open-label case series of children. 1514 98

The purpose of this study was to identify the major problems and associated feelings experienced by family caregivers of stroke survivors during the first month after returning home. Safety, difficulty in managing activities of daily living, and cognitive, behavioral and emotional changes of stroke survivors (for example, mood swings, lack of motivation, forgetfulness and memory loss, depression and calling the caregiver often) were the three most common problems experienced by caregivers during the first month. Other problems were loss of caregiver independence, confinement, tiredness and inadequate time to do caregiving tasks as well as managing stroke survivor physical symptoms, for example, pain, not eating and skin problems. The first month of caregiving is very dynamic and distressful for caregivers of stroke survivors and telephone contacts appear to be beneficial in assisting caregivers to cope with the caregiving process.
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PMID:Caregiving problems and feelings experienced by family caregivers of stroke survivors the first month after discharge. 1516 7

Most scientific researches on drug abuse and dependence suffer from "gender bias" being male dominated with the assumption that men are the main users of drugs. In reality, women use mind-altering drugs in the same way as men. This paper focus on alcohol, drugs use/abuse and dependence amongst females on public treatment Services, on recreational settings as well as at school. Problem related to alcohol and cocaine are discussed the most. Findings on aggressive behavior, psychological aspects, younger age of abuse, traumatic events, patterns of use, subset of gender specific symptoms manifestation (depression, mood swings, paranoia) the vicious circle of anxiety and alcoholism, the cross-dependence on legal and illegal drugs, comorbidity between drug abuse and psychiatric syndromes are treated in relation to academic literature.
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PMID:[Women and cross-dependence]. 1526 50


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