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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mood changes following ingestion of dextroamphetamine (D-AMP) or methylphenidate (MPH) were examined in 40 narcoleptic patients. The Profile of Mood Status (POMS) and eight additional adjectives describing feelings were used to quantify changes in mood before taking stimulant medication and approximately 90 minutes after ingestion of medication. No significant differences were found between the effects of the two stimulants. When the data from D-AMP and MPH were combined, significantly higher ratings on the POMS factor of Vigour-Activity and the adjectives of 'confident', 'talkative' and 'competitive' were found. Lower ratings after medication were noted for the POMS factors of Fatigue-Inertia, Depression-Dejection and Confusion-Bewilderment (all P < 0.001). These effects are similar to those previously reported in normal subjects as well as in certain other patient populations. The findings indicate a possible therapeutic role of stimulant medication not only for the treatment of excessive sleepiness but also for improving affect, motor and mental vigour, and aspects of cognition.
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PMID:Acute mood improvement after dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate in narcolepsy. 1060 64

As a factor of recurrence of drinking in patients with alcoholic dependence, emotional disorders accompanied by alcohol dependence has been noted in many reports. Particularly, it is noted to be very likely that depression after abstinence is an incentive to re-start drinking. In this study, we investigated depressive feeling in aspects of psychiatric and physical subjective symptoms after abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence, and compared the symptoms with those in patients with involutional depression. On analysis of the major component of psychiatric subjective symptoms, a sense of alienation, emotional instability, anxiety, and aggressiveness were observed. In involutional depression, depressive feeling, somnipathy, anxiety, self accusation/sense of guilt, delusion of culpability were observed. On analysis of the major component of physical subjective symptoms, autonomic nervous symptoms accompanied by feebleness, hysterical neurosis-like autonomic nervous symptoms, reduced sexual libido, anorexia, hydrodipsia/sweating were observed. Similarly, in patients with involutional depression, hysterical neurosis-like autonomic nervous symptoms, anorexia, elevation of tonus, general malaise, and hydrodipsia were noted. Differences in status were emphasized in comparison between the two groups in both analyses. Unlike involutional depression that exhibits the current features of depression, patients with alcohol dependence showed a sense of alienation, emotional instability, anxiety, and aggressiveness, reflecting self-uncertainty and loss of self-respect. Drinking may be re-started to relieve or reduce tension and frustration in such conditions.
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PMID:[Mental and physical symptoms in alcoholics after alcohol withdrawal--comparing with involutional melancholia patients]. 1065 9

To investigate single and combined effects of daily dietary supplementation with 50 mg of vitamin B6 and 200 mg magnesium (as MgO) for one cycle for the relief of mild premenstrual symptoms, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design was used. Forty-four women with an average age of 32 years took part in the study. Each woman was randomly assigned, according to a Latin square design, to take consecutively all four of the following treatments daily for one menstrual cycle: (1) 200 mg Mg, (2) 50 mg vitamin B6, (3) 200 mg Mg + 50 mg vitamin B6 and (4) placebo. Throughout the study, each volunteer kept a daily record of symptoms using a 5-point ordinal scale in a menstrual diary of 30 symptoms. Symptoms were grouped into six categories: anxiety, craving, depression, hydration, other, and total. Urinary magnesium output for 24 hours was estimated using the Mg/creatinine concentration ratio. ANOVA showed no overall difference between individual treatments, but predefined treatment comparisons using factorial contrasts in ANOVA showed a significant effect of 200 mg/day Mg + 50 mg/day vitamin B6 on reducing anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms (nervous tension, mood swings, irritability, or anxiety) (p = 0.040). Urinary Mg output was not affected by treatment. A small synergistic effect of a daily dietary supplementation with a combination of Mg + vitamin B6 in the reduction of mild premenstrual anxiety-related symptoms was demonstrated during treatment of 44 women for one menstrual cycle. In view of the modest effect found, further studies are needed before making general recommendations for the treatment of premenstrual symptoms. The study indicated that absorption from MgO was poor and daily supplementation for longer than 1 month is necessary for tissue repletion.
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PMID:A synergistic effect of a daily supplement for 1 month of 200 mg magnesium plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for the relief of anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. 1074 16

You're probably asking yourself, "What's so different about this case?" The patient was on the side of the road, explained what she was doing there, denied any injuries and refused treatment and transport. Sounds like a routine call--what's the big deal? But this case did not end after the patient signed a treatment refusal form and was asked by law enforcement to get back in her car and drive on. The EMS providers returned to their station, only to get called back 30 minutes later to the same spot they had just responded to, again for a "woman down." Upon this arrival, they found the same car on the side of the road, and a parked semi tractor trailer in a traffic [figure: see text] lane approximately 25 yards ahead of the vehicle. There was no damage to either vehicle, and providers noticed a familiar dog inside the woman's car. A police officer informed the providers that the woman, the driver of the vehicle, had jumped in front of the semi, as described by the truck's driver, and was hit at a very high rate of speed. The victim was deceased on the scene. Upon assessing the scene, providers confirmed that the victim was the same woman they'd responded to earlier. Several days after the incident, more information about the patient's medical history was released. She had been released on the morning of the accident from a mental health institution, where she'd been diagnosed as a manic depressive. Manic depression is a condition characterized by mood swings. For example, a patient might rapidly go from a state of euphoria to experiencing debilitating depression. Although this patient appeared fine on the exterior, she had been diagnosed with a severe psychological disorder. She presented as being alert, oriented and non-threatening moments before taking actions that led to her death. This case posed a significant challenge for the EMS providers because there was no clinical evidence that there was anything wrong with the patient. Moreover, the patient denied any past medical history. It was a lesson to all involved with this case: There is no such thing as a routine call.
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PMID:What's so unusual? 1125 96

Corticosteroids, such as prednisone and dexamethasone, are frequently prescribed medications sometimes associated with severe systemic side effects. Currently there are limited data regarding the psychiatric side effects of these medications, although mood changes and even psychoses have been reported. This study was designed to quantify psychiatric changes during brief courses of prednisone in patients with asthma. Outpatients with asthma (N = 32) receiving bursts of prednisone (>40 mg/day) were evaluated before, during, and after corticosteroid therapy by use of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Young Mania Scale, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and the Internal State Scale. A Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV disorders was also conducted to examine past psychiatric history. Highly significant increases in the Young Mania Scale and Activation subscale of the Internal State Scale (both measures of mania) were observed with no increase in depression measures during the first 3 to 7 days of prednisone therapy. Mood changes were not correlated with improvement in airway obstruction, suggesting that mood elevations may not be in response to improvement in asthma symptoms. Subjects with past or current symptoms of depression had a significant decrease in depressive symptoms during prednisone therapy compared with those without depression. Some patients with posttraumatic stress disorder reported increases in depression and memories of the traumatic event during prednisone therapy. In summary, statistically significant changes in mood were observed even during brief courses of corticosteroids at modest dosages. The symptoms were primarily manic, not depressive. Persons with depression did not become more depressed during prednisone therapy, and, in fact, some showed improvement.
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PMID:Mood changes during prednisone bursts in outpatients with asthma. 1179 43

This survey of attitudes toward contraception is taken from a document concerning psychological aspects of 233 women seeking pregnancy terminations. 87.12% had utilized a method of contraception at some time, of which 66.5% had used pills, 29.6% had used natural methods, 23.6% had used local methods, and 11.16% had used IUDs. 33.47% of the total sample had refused pills, in 83.65% of cases because of fears for health, and in the remainder because of infrequent intercourse, fears for unborn children, lack of information, belief that women shouldn't be responsible for contraception, or fear of forgetting. 64.38% of the women in the total sample had discontinued use of pills, about 2/3 of them for personal reasons such as nervousness, changes in the relationship, nausea, menstrual changes, frigidity, and depression, which are difficult to evaluate objectively. In most cases of termination of pill use for external reasons, the cause was opposition by the physician. Personality traits of the sample women which could impede responsible fertility control included passivity and inconsistency in 16.47%, dependency in 47.64%, and immaturity and poorly structured personality in 40.34%. Personality disorders among the latter included enjoyment of risk, impulsivity and lack of capacity to anticipate, emotional instability, and significant egocentrism and narcissism. 21.89% had depressive tendencies, 22.75% had sadomasochistic tendencies, and 28.33% had tendencies toward somatization, each of which is often correlated with unconscious choice. The unconscious elements are often more significant than the conscious and apparent motives. More effective contraception and a prevention of abortions might result from making women aware of their unconscious motivations.
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PMID:[Dependable fertility control: hazards and barriers (author's transl)]. 1233 50

Meniere's disease can compromise the quality of life of some patients in a manner so seriously that it can cause social segregation, even from family. Hearing loss, tinnitus, aural pressure, and disturbances in equilibrium added to an emotional instability frequently present in these patients may take them to a progressive state of solitude and depression, marking their lives by personal tragedy and making life a living hell. The clinical picture of Meniere's disease fluctuates, however. Individually, subsidiary examinations become impotent in diagnosing Meniere's disease. To be called Meniere's disease, the cause must be unknown; otherwise it would constitute Meniere's syndrome. Taking all of this into consideration, one would call this an unusual situation, or at least confusing. The lack of an etiologic diagnosis in medicine always creates anxiety for doctors and patients. What is considered to be either a routine or an extended test may change from service to service. The physician does not need to order all tests. What the physician needs is a protocol he or she trusts. Test results can vary, even depending on the moment when they are performed. More important than the number of tests ordered is the strategy by which the tests should be put together at that certain moment. The authors believe that one should have his or her own protocol for diagnosis, always beginning with a detailed history taking being guided by them most of the time. It is the authors' understanding that patients with Meniere's disease should be followed closely by their ear, nose, and throat doctor in episodes of vertigo or fluctuation of their hearing, tinnitus, or aural pressure. Should the patient be experiencing a stable period, a clinical visit along with an audiovestibular workup should be performed at least once a year. By monitoring the course of the disease, clinicians would be able to detect early changes in symptoms and/or test results, giving them the possibility to intervene clinically as early as possible in acute episodes of vestibulocochlear disorganization, protecting the inner ear, and minimizing sequelae from spells of hydrops. The authors believe that only the association of clinical sense and as many subsidiary tests as are useful will lead to a desirable level of certainty in the diagnosis of Meniere's disease, and will allow clinicians to presume bilateral involvement, monitor the development of the disease, intervene in its natural course, and idealize appropriate treatment.
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PMID:Diagnosis of Meniere's disease: routine and extended tests. 1248 39

Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that powerful cholesterol lowering may have adverse effects on mood and psychological well-being. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by simvastatin (a hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor) may also reduce steroid hormone biosynthesis. To explore if mood changes are related with steroid hormone levels, we designed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial. The separate and combined effects of a Mediterranean-type diet intervention and treatment with simvastatin 20 mg/day PO for 12 weeks were studied in 120 hypercholesterolemic but otherwise healthy middle-aged men. Psychological functioning was assessed with questionnaires, and steroid hormone levels in blood were assayed radioimmunologically before and after the treatments. Simvastatin resulted in a statistically significant increase of depression and somatization without changes in the anxiety, hostility or aggression scores. Mood changes seemed to be unrelated with the statistically significant but clinically insignificant decline in serum testosterone levels and unrelated with the increase in serum dehydroepiandrosterone levels.
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PMID:Does simvastatin affect mood and steroid hormone levels in hypercholesterolemic men? A randomized double-blind trial. 1251 11

This case study discusses the treatment of a 67-year-old man with no prior history of psychiatric illness diagnosed with major depression following cardiac transplantation. Shortly after surgery, the patient demonstrated depressive symptoms, including weight loss, emotional instability, and social isolation. Psychiatric consultation revealed that the patient first experienced these symptoms after learning that the donor heart he had received belonged to a woman. The patient had preconceived, stereotypical ideas that a woman's heart would inhibit his physical recovery and transform him into a more emotional man. The patient was prescribed the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine and began interpersonal psychotherapy. Results from this case study indicate that treatment with paroxetine, combined with interpersonal psychotherapy, may be successful in treating patients who had transplants and suffer from postsurgical depression.
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PMID:Depression after cardiac transplant treated with interpersonal psychotherapy and paroxetine. 1252 Aug 90

Optimal medications for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) would be effective, well tolerated, and long acting and not cause mood swings or worsen comorbid conditions. Current medications work on brain dopamine and/or norepinephrine systems, which are thought to be involved in ADHD. The medication class with the most evidence of efficacy in ADHD is stimulants, but they may be abused, are effective for only 4 to 12 hours, and may cause mood swings or increase tic severity. In recent years, alternative treatments have been explored. Tricyclic antidepressants have efficacy comparable to that of stimulants but may cause constipation, dry mouth, tremors, blood pressure changes, and potentially serious side effects including cardiac conduction and repolarization delays. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors may improve ADHD symptoms but are associated with severe dietary restrictions. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors have little or no effect in ADHD but may improve comorbid depression. Bupropion, although less effective than stimulants, may improve both ADHD symptoms and comorbid depression. Antihypertensive agents may improve impulsivity, hyperactivity, and comorbid tics but cause sedation or rebound hypertension. Atomoxetine, which is being developed for ADHD, reduces symptoms of ADHD without exacerbating comorbid conditions and is associated with only minor side effects, including subtle changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Before prescribing a treatment, physicians should consider the appropriateness and effectiveness of any medication for children with ADHD, who may be less tolerant of side effects and less able to monitor and express concerns about their well-being than adults.
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PMID:Novel treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. 1256 57


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