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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cation transport and electrolyte composition were studied in leucocytes from 17 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Significant increases in cell sodium and water contents, associated with a depression of the rate-constant for active sodium efflux, were found in the hypertensive patients. These abnormalities in cell sodium transport may possibly be related to mechanisms of hypertension.
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PMID:Abnormal leucocyte composition and sodium transport in essential hypertension. 4 73

Peripheral beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity was characterized in 24 patients with essential hypertension and in 13 age-matched normotensive subjects using an isoproterenol hydrochloride bolus dose-response technique. Decreased beta-receptor responsiveness to this exogenously administered beta-agonist was observed in hypertensive patients; for an equivalent chronotropic effect, higher doses of isoproterenol were required in hypertensive subjects than in normal subjects. Among "normal-renin" hypertensive patients, beta-receptor responsiveness was directly related to furosemide-stimulated plasma renin activity (PRA), suggesting that independently stimulated PRA may provide an indirect estimate of endogenous beta-receptor sensitivity. Hypertensive patients whose mean arterial pressure fell at least 10 mm Hg after four weeks of treatment with hydrochlorothiazide had even further depression in beta-receptor responsiveness, whereas receptor sensitivity was unchanged in patients whose blood pressure was unaffected. Thus, it is unlikely that this decreased receptor responsiveness in patients with untreated essential hypertension is a direct consequence of elevated arterial pressure.
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PMID:Peripheral beta-receptor responsiveness in patients with essential hypertension. 22 9

This study examined the effects of essential hypertension on measures of anxiety and depression for two age groups of hypertensive (free from hypertension-related pathology and/or cardiovascular disease) and normotensive subjects. Hypertensive subjects had significantly higher State Anxiety scores and Zung Depression scores than did normotensive subjects. These differences between the blood pressure groups were due largely to the scores of the younger hypertensive subjects. The results of the present study are consistent with previous results from our laboratory that have found that younger hypertensives differed (relative to controls) from middle aged hypertensives on measures, such as, symptoms reported on the Cornell Medical Index and WAIS Performance scores. The results of the present study were discussed within the context of age associated differences in response to hypertension and factors that might account for these differences.
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PMID:Anxiety and depression in young and middle aged hypertensive and normotensive subjects. 52 Mar 72

The effects of an intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin were studied in 20 acutely hypertensive patients during coronary-artery surgery. Eight patients had histories of essential hypertension and six had been treated for it. They were anesthetized with morphine, diazepam, N2O, O2, pancuronium, and enflurane. Control measurements were obtained after sternotomy. Nitroglycerin was then administered until the blood pressure returned to normal, and the measurements then repeated. The mean dose of nitroglycerin was 80.0 +/- 4.7 mug/min, or 0.96 mug/kg/min. This produced significant decreases (P less than .05) in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and left ventricular stroke work index. Cardiac index, stroke index, and heart rate were unchanged. Two indices of myocardial oxygen demand (rate-pressure product and tension-time index) were significantly decreased by nitroglycerin (P less than .005). Fifty per cent of the patients had improvement in ST-segment depression on the electrocardiogram. These findings demonstrate that nitroglycerin can be safely administered intravenously during operation, and suggest that nitroglycerin decreases myocardial oxygen demand and relieves myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Nitroglycerin infusion during coronary-artery surgery. 82 Feb 17

1 Twelve men with untreated essential hypertension in WHO stage I were studied on an outpatient basis to evaluate the haemodynamic long-term effect of a new beta-adrenoceptor blocker, metoprolol. 2 Oxygen consumption, heart rate, cardiac output (Cardiogreen) and intraarterial brachial pressure were recorded at rest in a supine and sitting position and during steady state work at 300, 600 and 900 kpm/min. 3 The subjects were treated with metoprolol (dose 50-250 mg/day) as the sole drug for 1 year and the haemodynamic study was repeated. 4 Mean arterial blood pressure was reduced about 12% at rest and 9% during exercise. The heart rate was decreased about 22% at rest and 20% during exercise. There was no significant compensatory increase in the stroke volume and consequently the cardiac index was reduced about 22% at rest sitting and about 17% during exercise. There was no decrease in total peripheral resistance. 5 No side-effects were seen. 6 The major haemodynamic long-term effects of metoprolol in mild and moderate essential hypertension resemble those seen by other beta-adrenoceptor blockers like alprenolol, atenolol and timolol. The study has not given support to the assumption that metoprolol should cause less depression in cardiac output than other beta-adrenoceptor blockers.
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PMID:Haemodynamic long-term effects of metoprolol at rest and during exercise in essential hypertension. 86 Nov 29

Suppression of renin release by beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs has been advocated as the prime blood pressure lowering mechanism of these agents. The present report casts doubt on this proposition in three ways. In the first study, involving 22 patients with borderline hypertension, patients with elevated plasma renin levels showed normalization of the blood pressure after pharmacological autonomic blockade with intravenous atropine, propranolol and phentolamine, the time course of the pressure fall being such as to exclude suppression of renin release as the antihypertensive mechanism. It is clear that in patients with mild hypertension and high plasma renin levels, the elevation of blood pressure is maintained by a neurogenic mechanism, the elevated plasma renin having no direct role in sustaining the higher blood pressure. In two additional studies involving 21 patients in all with mild to moderately severe essential hypertension, to whom propranolol was administereed by mouth for 1--3 months, two findings were of interest:1) patients with low-renin essential hypertension showed a good antihypertensive response to propranolol, and 2) in some patients a dosedependent dissociation of the renin and blood pressure lowering action of propranolol could be demonstrated. These findings militate against the assumption that propranolol selectively lowers the blood pressure in "renin-dependent" hypertension, and strongly suggest that the antihypertensive action of this drug is not mediated by depression of plasma renin activity.
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PMID:Dissociation of the renin lowering and antihypertensive actions of propranolol. 103 70

Copper IUDs, oral contraceptives, "morning-after' pills and injectables are discussed in general in this review. Small IUDs are less effective, but better tolerated. An exception is the Dalkon shield, which is no longer manufactured because several women died from latent infections when they became pregnant. The Copper T IUD is tolerated much better than the Copper 7, and has only a 3% failure rate. Copper Ts must be replaced every 2 years, however, and are difficult to remove. A beneficial effect of IUDs is cure of uterine adhesions; a subjective side effect if discomfort reported by husbands. Strict contraindications or oral contraceptives are history of cholostatic jaundice of pregnancy, thromboembolism, essential hypertension, tension, diabetes, gynecologic cancer and pregnancy. Relative contraindications are hyperthyroidism, hyperlipidemia, and depression. Depressions occuring soon after starting pills may be due to unconscious rejection; those appearing later may be due to the progestagen itself. The subjective sequelae of pills are more likely in maternal women, women raised to feel guilty for using contraception, women susceptible to believing sensational media reports about pills, and women dominated by their husband's views. Pills are beneficial for essential dysmenorrhea, menstrual irregularity, premenstrual syndrome, depression, frigidity due to fear of pregnancy, uterine hypotrophy, ovarian cyst, certain ovarian dystrophies such as Stein Levinthan syndrome, menopausal symptoms, acne and hirsutism. The morning after pill, 5 mg ethinyl estradiol for 3 consecutive days, is indicated only in exceptional cases such as rape. Injectables are more suitable for those who desire long-term contraception and whose who want no more children. A lower cancer rate has been reported for users of depot progestagens than for women notu sing contraception.
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PMID:[Subjective and objective aspects of modern methods of contraception]. 114 75

Forty six patients with stable effort angina were treated with a combination of propranolol, nifedipine, and isosorbide dinitrate which produced a more profound anti-antianginal effect than each of them given alone. The combination also exerted more marked antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects. The combined therapy with the three drugs caused a moderate reduction in heart rate and peripheral resistance, but failed to result in clear-cut disturbances in the orthostatic regulation of the circulatory system. There was a more infrequent and less pronounced ST-segment depression, less marked pressor responses and higher heart rate with the combined therapy during exercise; the cardiac index also increased as before therapy. Physical fitness increased to a greater extent than with monotherapy. The combined therapy with three drugs is indicated when monotherapy fails and that with two agents is indicated when patients have concurrent essential hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias.
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PMID:[ Combined therapy with isosorbide dinitrate, propranolol and nifedipine in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease]. 129 88

The results from recent studies suggest that the endogenous opioid beta-endorphin (beta-E) is related to pain modulation. Therefore, plasma beta-E levels were studied in 23 patients with essential hypertension (EH) and in 7 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) during asymptomatic ischemic events and in 5 patients with CAD during symptomatic ischemic events. Blood samples for beta-E were taken at the moment of silent ST depression, pointed with alarm by the real time ECG monitor "Q Med Monitor" (USA). Control blood samples were taken under the same conditions without ischemic events. Control plasma beta-E levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in patients with EH as compared to that in both groups of patients with CAD (22.9 +/- 4.0 vs 7.0 +/- 1.9 and 4.5 +/- 1.6 pmol/l). At the time of silent ischemia, beta-E showed a significant increase in patients with EH (+10.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/l, p less than 0.01) and in patients with CAD (+10.7 +/- 1.3 pmol/l, p less than 0.05) as compared to the control levels. However, plasma beta-E showed no increase (+1.0 +/- 0.6 pmol/l, p greater than 0.1) during symptomatic ischemia as compared to the control levels. Thus, differences in the circulating levels of beta-E may be associated with the presence or absence of pain during myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:[Plasma beta-endorphin level in "silent" myocardial ischemia during Holter ECG monitoring]. 140 1

As many as 24 patients suffering from essential hypertension (EH) were examined. The patients were subjected to Holter ECG monitoring, echocardiography, coronary angiography, exercise scintigraphy of the myocardium with transesophageal pacing of the atria and the dipyridamole test. The patients manifested defects of thallium accumulation during exercise scintigraphy of the myocardium. They were transitory defects of accumulation with clearance impairment recorded in EH patients with atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries; transitory defects of accumulation without clearance impairment recorded in EH patients with the angiographically unchanged coronary arteries. In Holter ECG monitoring, the patients with a silent depression of the ST segment demonstrated transitory defects of thallium accumulation by the myocardium in all the cases during exercise scintigraphy of the myocardium.
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PMID:[Hypertension and "silent" myocardial ischemia. I. The results of stress scintigraphy of the myocardium in patients]. 144 Mar 20


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