Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Retrospective analysis of the stringency of diagnosis and therapeutic response was carried out in 80 patients with major recurrent winter depression (SAD) who had participated in controlled light therapy trials in Switzerland from 1984 to 1990. Two groups were formed with respect to anamnestic information: patients whose previous episodes of seasonal depression had been reconstructed graphically, and those who could only globally recollect prior depressive phases. These data were taken to test conformity to DSM-III-R criteria for seasonal pattern, as well as its prognostic usefulness for response to light therapy. The more liberal 'Rosenthal criteria' for SAD of at least two consecutive, seasonally recurring major depressive episodes were sufficient to predict improvement with light: none of the other DSM-III-R criteria differentiated further, and few patients could remember previous depressive episodes in precise detail. Our data support suggestions to revise the restrictive SAD diagnostic criteria for DSM-IV.
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PMID:Seasonal affective disorder: are the DSM-III-R criteria valid? 784 53

To test the hypothesis that cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) is an effective treatment for winter seasonal affective disorder (SAD). 2 weeks of double-blind placebo washout, followed by random assignment to parallel treatments for 2 weeks with cyanocobalamin vs. placebo. Observations were made during weekly outpatient visits. All subjects met criteria for SAD. 27 patients were studied. After the washout period, 14 were randomly assigned to 1.5 mg cyanocobalamin (3 x/day) and 13 remained on placebo on the same schedule. 29 item SIGH-SAD scores were used to determine antidepressant efficacy. No significant differences were found in the responses between the two groups. Cyanocobalamin does not appear to be an effective short-term treatment for depression in SAD patients. The usefulness as a treatment for SAD of the methylated form of Vitamin B12, which has been used extensively in related studies, remains to be explored.
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PMID:A controlled trial of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) in the treatment of winter seasonal affective disorder. 785 61

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) represents a subgroup of major depression with a regular occurrence of symptoms in autumn/winter and full remission in spring/summer. Light therapy (LT) has become the standard treatment of this type of depression. Apart from this, pharmacotherapy with antidepressants also seems to provide an improvement of SAD symptoms. The aim of this controlled, single-blind study was to evaluate if hypericum, a plant extract, could be beneficial in treating SAD patients and whether the combination with LT would be additionally advantageous. Patients who fulfilled DSM-III-R criteria for major depression with seasonal pattern were randomized in a 4-week treatment study with 900 mg of hypericum per day combined with either bright (3000 lux, n = 10) or dim (< 300 lux, n = 10) light condition. Light therapy was applied for 2 hours daily. We found a significant (MANOVA, P < .001) reduction of the Hamilton Depression Scale score in both groups but no significant difference between the two groups. Our data suggest that pharmacologic treatment with hypericum may be an efficient therapy in patients with seasonal affective disorder.
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PMID:Hypericum in the treatment of seasonal affective disorders. 785 4

Twenty-six patients diagnosed as having seasonal affective disorder (SAD) completed weekly depression self-ratings for at least 2.5 and up to 8.25 years. Seasonal recurrence of depression persisted in nine patients, seven remitted, four were chronically depressed, and six showed a diffuse pattern. The age at SAD onset and duration of SAD history before entry into this prospective study could not be identified as predictors of the subsequent course of the disease. Short-lasting, recurrent periods of depression could be identified in many of the long-term records. They were found primarily in autumn and winter in patients with either a persistent seasonal or a remitted pattern. In the core group of patients with persistent seasonal pattern, the onset and offset of depressive periods (DPs) were more variable than the DSM-III-R 60-day window criterion for seasonal pattern allows.
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PMID:Long-term follow-up of depression in seasonal affective disorder. 786 19

We have established a relationship between recurrent brief depression (RBD) and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in a cohort of 42 outpatients who presented themselves at a clinic for seasonal affective disorder at the Psychiatry Department of the University of Bonn, Germany. Our preliminary data indicate that 31% of the patients who were diagnosed as suffering from either SAD or its subsyndromal form (S-SAD) can also be categorized as RBD (RBD-seasonal) for a 1-year observation period. During the time span of 1 year, RBD-seasonal patients had a mean number of 20 +/- 9 episodes, which were accentuated in fall/winter, outnumbering the ones in spring/summer significantly (P < 0.001). The mean duration of each episode was 4.6 +/- 2.6 days in the RBD-seasonal group. RBD-seasonal patients experienced seasonal changes as more of a problem and reported a lower percentage of first-degree relatives with a history of depression than the non-RBD-seasonal group.
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PMID:Evidence for a seasonal form of recurrent brief depression (RBD-seasonal). 788 18

The clinical and neurochemical association between depression and season noted in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has suggested that clinical pain might also be linked to season, perhaps through similar neurochemistry or the known association of depression with pain. We investigated the pain-light season/dark season hypothesis in 2523 rheumatic disease outpatients by examining VAS Pain and VAS Global Severity scores, as well as levels of depression and functional disability. No clinically significant difference in pain severity between season (or individual month) was noted for the consecutive outpatients at their first clinic visit, nor in sub-analyses using paired light and dark season visits. A slight trend toward increased pain severity in lighter months by about 3% compared to darker months was identified. No effect of season was seen on depression scores. In a subset of patients with high depression scores, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients, respectively, reported 16% and 7% greater pain scores in light compared to dark months, but fibromyalgia patients had stable scores. Season does not appear to play an important role in pain and/or depression in rheumatic disorders.
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PMID:Effect of light and season on pain and depression in subjects with rheumatic disorders. 747 3

Sixty-six patients satisfying the criteria for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) winter depression type (n = 57) or subsyndromal SAD (n = 9), were interviewed in a nondepressed state with the Structured Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SIDP-R). Twenty-three percent of the patients in the SAD sample met DSM-III-R criteria for one or more categorical diagnosis of personality disorder (PD). Disorders in cluster C occurred in 18% of the sample, while 12% had cluster B PDs and 5% a cluster A disorder. The relative number of positive criteria, as a dimensional measure of PD, were higher for all cluster C disorders than for any PD in the other clusters. Our data indicate that the pattern of personality disorders in patients with winter SAD are similar to that previously reported for outpatients with non-SAD major depression. We explored the relationship between lifetime severity and clinical manifestation of SAD and dimensional measures of PD with multiple regression analyses. No significant association was found. This is in accordance with the hypothesis that the two disorders are distinct conditions with independent causes.
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PMID:Personality disorders in patients with winter depression. 789 72

In winters 1990-1991 and 1991-1992 women with and without seasonal affective disorder, winter type, were treated by light at 2500 lux either in the morning (0800h-1000h) or afternoon (1600h-1800h). In winter before light treatment, melatonin levels in serum in daytime (1200h and 1600h) were higher in patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). This difference disappeared in the summer or after light treatment in the winter. Also, light treatment and change in season resulted in a phase advance shift of melatonin rhythm in patients. The decline in melatonin levels correlated with the decline in specific SAD symptoms of hyperphagia and carbohydrate craving. In winter, neither patients nor controls showed significant diurnal variations in levels of whole blood serotonin. In both patients and controls, levels of serotonin were higher in summer as compared with winter, especially at 2000h. Our data suggest that elevated daytime melatonin can be a state marker of winter depression, and that seasonal change of photoperiod may also affect the circadian amplitude and daytime levels of blood serotonin.
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PMID:Diurnal and seasonal variations of melatonin and serotonin in women with seasonal affective disorder. 798 18

Winter depression (Seasonal Affective Disorder, SAD) is a depressive illness, which starts in the autumn and disappears in the spring. The depression is, in contrast to the typical endogenous depression, characterized by increased appetite with carbohydrate craving, and increased sleep. There is an increase in the frequency of the illness towards the geographical poles. About 80% of the patients are women. The most remarkable aspect of the depression is however, that it can be effectively treated with bright light, given two hours daily for one to two weeks. A number of biological functions are currently under investigation in relation to winter depressions; among these are the metabolism of melatonin, various diurnal rhythms and the serotonergic system.
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PMID:[Winter depression and light therapy]. 799 36

Numerous investigators have shown a strong association between the seasons and the incidence of depression, mania and suicides. However, little has been known about patients who reveal affective episodes in association with the changing seasons year after year. Lewy and Rosenthal established the concept of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). SAD is characterized by recurring cycles of fall-winter depression and spring-summer hypomania (or euthymia). Depressive symptoms often include hypersomnia, anergia, fatigue, carbohydrate craving and weight gain. The syndrome occurs predominantly in women and begins in late twenties. Lewy, Rosenthal and other investigators found that exposure of the SAD patients to bright artificial light improved depressive symptoms. Some hypotheses of light therapy are proposed, however, each of them has not well explained the mechanisms.
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PMID:[Light therapy of patients with seasonal affective disorder]. 800 95


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