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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Similar symptomatology has been described for both seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and atypical depression. For example, hyperphagia, hypersomnia, and intense lethargy are common to both, suggesting that they might be subtypes of the same disorder. If SAD and atypical depression are different manifestations of the same underlying pathophysiology, treatment effective for one might also benefit the other. Bright artificial lights (2500 lux, 6-8 a.m. and p.m.) were significantly less effective in treating eight patients diagnosed as having atypical depression without a seasonal pattern than 25 SAD patients. Differential treatment outcome suggests that SAD and atypical depression are separate disorders.
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PMID:Is seasonal affective disorder a variant of atypical depression? Differential response to light therapy. 224 88

Abnormalities in circadian rhythms of core body temperature have been reported previously in depressed patients. In this study, we compared the temperature rhythms of 10 depressed seasonal affective disorder (SAD) patients with winter depression with those of 12 normal controls and evaluated the effects of bright light on temperature in SAD. Unlike previous studies of depressed patients, the temperature curves of the patients and normal controls during the off-light condition were nearly identical. We found a significant difference in amplitude between the patients in the untreated and light-treated conditions. Although there was no systematic difference in circadian phase across groups or treatment conditions, we present preliminary evidence that suggests that phase-typed subgroups may be present in the population distinguished by their treatment responses.
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PMID:Effects of light treatment on core body temperature in seasonal affective disorder. 229 50

A high-intensity fluorescent lighting system, tilted downward toward the head, and emitting negligible levels of ultraviolet radiation, was tested under two random crossover protocols in winter-depressed patients: 30-minute sessions at (a) 3,000 lux vs. 10,000 lux in early morning, and (b) morning vs. evening sessions at 10,000 lux. Judgment of clinical remission was based jointly on relative and absolute score improvements on a Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale--Seasonal Affective Disorder Version (SIGH-SAD) and a set of supplementary atypical-vegetative items. Data are presented for 24 subjects who showed relapse upon withdrawal. An overall remission rate of 75 percent was found for morning light at 10,000 lux. The rates for evening light (25%) and 3,000 lux morning light (19%) were significantly lower. The remission rate for morning light treatment of 10,000 lux for 30 minutes approximately equalled 2,500 lux treatment for 2 hours (data from our earlier studies), suggesting a reciprocity between dosing dimensions of intensity and duration. No pathological changes were revealed by ophthalmological examinations given after 2 to 6 weeks of daily treatment.
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PMID:Efficacy of brief, intense light exposure for treatment of winter depression. 237 71

In previous research, the therapeutic effect of bright white light for so so-called seasonal affective disorder was clearly confirmed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible beneficial effects of bright white light in non-seasonal depression. 30 patients fulfilling RDC-criteria for major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to a 7 day exposure from 7.20 to 9.20 a.m. The degree of illness was ascertained both objectively with observer rating scales (Hamilton Depression Scale, AMDP-system) and through self-rating scales (Complaint List and Depression Scale by von Zerssen). No difference was noted between bright light and dim light though a significant reduction of depressive symptomatology was observed for all patients during the treatment. These results were consistent for both observer rating and self-rating. In conclusion, bright white light has no superior effect as compared to dim light exposure in non-seasonal depression.
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PMID:Effect of bright white light on non-seasonal depressive disorder. 237 72

Winter depression, a form of seasonal affective disorder, is a common condition that increases in prevalence in northern areas and in regions with a high proportion of overcast fall and winter days. Parts of Ohio are high-risk areas given the high percentage of overcast days. Winter depression is marked by the onset of recurrent episodes of major depression each fall or winter which spontaneously remit in the spring. The depressive syndrome is often characterized by sadness, anxiety, decreased involvement in work and social activities, increased appetite, carbohydrate craving, weight gain, hypersomnia and psychomotor retardation. This syndrome often responds to treatment with two to six hours per day of full-spectrum bright artificial light. The efficacy of drugs in the treatment of this condition is now being studied at The Ohio State University. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective.
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PMID:The naturally occurring rhythm of blues: winter depression. 240 29

Depression during winter has been found to respond to treatment with simulated daylight. Seasonal affective disorder should be distinguished from other forms of depression which can also occur in winter before prescribing light therapy.
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PMID:Seasonal affective disorder. 262 45

To test hypotheses of opposing roles of dopamine and serotonin in prolactin secretion in seasonal affective disorder, the authors determined basal serum prolactin concentrations for premenopausal women, eight with and 14 without seasonal affective disorder, in late afternoon during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (and a subgroup during the luteal phase) in winter and summer. Despite their significantly higher Hamilton depression scale scores in winter than in summer, the patients had significantly lower prolactin concentrations than the control subjects in both seasons. These results suggest that low prolactin secretion may be a trait characteristic in seasonal affective disorder.
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PMID:Seasonal and mood independence of low basal prolactin secretion in premenopausal women with seasonal affective disorder. 234 37

Recent years have seen significant advances in sleep disorders medicine, including effective treatments for chronic psychophysiological insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; greater understanding of biological rhythms and of the nature of sleep in depression, including seasonal affective disorder; and the discovery of REM behavior disorder. The author reviews selected developments in the sleep disorders field over the last three years. Developments are presented in the framework of the diagnostic classification of the American Sleep Disorders Association, with emphasis on areas relevant to the practice of psychiatry.
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PMID:Sleep disorders: a selective update. 264 52

This report summarizes presentations made at a National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored workshop dealing with recurrent winter depression, or seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and with phototherapy as its treatment. Workshop participants reviewed major issues in the following areas: (1) diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and epidemiology of the disorder; (2) critical issues in phototherapy research; (3) biologic effects of light and mechanism of action of phototherapy; (4) biologic abnormalities in SAD; and (5) animal models and their applicability to the study of SAD. Most research evidence to date supports the efficacy of phototherapy in the treatment of SAD. However, considerable controversy remains concerning its mechanism of action and the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder. These and other unresolved issues are reviewed, and areas of consensus in the field are identified.
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PMID:Seasonal affective disorders and phototherapy. Report of a National Institute of Mental Health-sponsored workshop. 265 69

The authors review what has been learned about the causes, symptoms, and treatments of seasonal affective disorder and discuss its relevance to affective illness in general. They point out that seasonal and environmental influences on depression have been themes in writings on affective illness for more than 2,000 years and that there has been a resurgence of interest during the past decade. There appear to be two primary, opposite seasonal patterns of annual depression--winter depression and summer depression--with opposite vegetative symptoms. Seasonal affective disorder is not uncommon. It is important to identify patients with winter depression because they respond to a specific treatment, phototherapy.
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PMID:Seasonality and affective illness. 266 84


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