Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complicated grief is likely to be common among refugee populations exposed to war trauma. However, there have been few studies investigating the traumatic antecedents and correlates of complicated grief in refugees, and the relationship of that symptom pattern with other common disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. We studied Bosnian refugees recruited from a community center in Sydney, Australia, with the sample being supplemented by a snowball method (N = 126; response rate, 86%). Measures included a trauma inventory, the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the depression module of the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID), and the Core Bereavement Items (CBI). A dimension of traumatic loss derived from the trauma inventory was a specific predictor of complicated grief, with exposure to human rights violations being associated with images of the traumatic events surrounding the lost person. There was no link between PTSD and grief other than for a low-order association with the PTSD intrusion dimension. In contrast, depression was strongly associated with grief and its subscales. Only the subgroup with comorbid grief and depression reported higher levels of traumatic loss. The results suggest that complicated grief in refugees can become persistent and associated with depression. While PTSD and grief share common symptoms of intrusion, the two symptom domains are sufficiently distinct to warrant independent assessment of grief in refugee populations.
 ...
PMID:Complicated grief in Bosnian refugees: associations with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. 1552 59

This study tests the hypothesis that maternal depression during pregnancy predicts temperament in offspring aged 6 m to 5 y. Previous studies have shown that maternal depression is related to negative affect and that certain temperament factors, such as negative affect and behavioral inhibition, in children predict affective disorders. Here, maternal depression is divided into depression during pregnancy vs. depression postpartum. Maternal depression was determined by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) throughout pregnancy and postpartum (prospectively) and by a diagnostic interview (SCID) at 6 months postpartum. The data show that maternal depression during pregnancy, but not postpartum, predicted the ratings of negative affect in the offspring. Importantly, symptoms of depression in the mother (BDI) were used as a control variable in the analyses in order to control for potential bias related to the mother's mood. In addition, cortisol levels in response to a mild stressor at 6 months of age predicted negative affect in infants and toddlers. We conclude that the effects of maternal depression on behavioral problems and vulnerability to mental illness may be mediated by altered temperament and enhanced stress responsiveness.
 ...
PMID:Negative affect in offspring of depressed mothers is predicted by infant cortisol levels at 6 months and maternal depression during pregnancy, but not postpartum. 1567 18

A boxer's fracture (BF) is the most common type of metacarpal fracture and is usually an intentional injury. This study aims to investigate the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and evaluate the personality features of patients with BF in comparison with patients with fractures other than boxer's fractures [other fractures (OFs)] and a group of healthy controls (C). The study group was comprised of 14 patients who were diagnosed to have BF, 13 patients who were assessed due to OF and 11 C. Patients and controls were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-2) was used to screen axis II, personality disorders' symptoms. The results showed that patients with BF had more anxiety as a trait and had higher mean scores for self-defeating, borderline and antisocial personality disorders than both the group of OF and C. Additionally, BF group had higher scores on the anger and cynicism subscales of MMPI-2. These results suggest that maladaptive personality traits and anxiety symptoms are common in patients with BF. Psychiatric assessment of patients who apply to orthopedy clinics with BF should be a part of their treatment plan.
 ...
PMID:Psychopathology and personality features in orthopedic patients with boxer's fractures. 1569 14

This study characterizes the rate of current Axis I DSM-IV disorders using a brief standardized psychiatric interview procedure, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (v5.0) (MINI), and determined the validity of MINI diagnoses of current depressive episodes to the research standard (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders [SCID]). One hundred seventy-four patients with chronic epilepsy from five tertiary medical centers were interviewed using the MINI and the mood disorders module of the SCID. Current Axis I disorders were evident in one-half the sample (49%), with prevalent anxiety (30.4%) and mood (21.8%) disorders. Major depressive episode was the most common individual diagnosis (17.2%). Concordance was high between the MINI and SCID for diagnoses of current depression, especially for major depression. Of those with current major depression, less than one-half were treated with antidepressant medications. Current Axis I DSM-IV diagnoses can be effectively and accurately identified in clinical settings using shorter standardized psychiatric interview techniques. Issues regarding recognition and treatment of psychiatric morbidity in epilepsy are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Clinical assessment of Axis I psychiatric morbidity in chronic epilepsy: a multicenter investigation. 1593 70

We evaluated the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and we investigated the hypothesis that obsessionality may represent a trait in TLE. Eighty-two consecutive patients with epilepsy, 62 with TLE and 20 with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), and 82 matched healthy controls were evaluated using the SCID-IP, Y-BOCS, MMPI-2 (specifically the Psychasthenia and Obsessiveness scales), BDI, and STAI Y1 and Y2. Nine of the TLE patients, none of the IGE patients, and one of the controls had a diagnosis of OCD. Psychasthenia and Obsessiveness scores were significantly higher in the TLE than in the IGE and control groups. Patients with TLE and OCD differed significantly with respect to history of depression when compared with patients with TLE without OCD, whereas there were no differences in age at onset and duration of epilepsy, seizure pattern and frequency, MRI features, laterality of the EEG focus, antiepileptic drug therapy and combinations, and BDI scores.
 ...
PMID:Obsessionality, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and temporal lobe epilepsy. 1615 Jun 51

Despite being common, depression often goes undetected in patients with skin diseases. Our aim was to examine and compare the performance of three depression screeners. We studied dermatological inpatients aged 18-65 years. They completed the questionnaires Primary Care Screener for Affective Disorders (PC-SAD), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and were administered a standardized psychiatric interview (SCID-I) by a mental health professional, who was unaware of the questionnaire answers. The analysis was performed on 141 patients with complete data (79% of all eligible patients, 89% of all patients who agreed to participate). The prevalence of the main forms of depression, major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder, was 8.4% and 6.3%, respectively. For major depressive disorder, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaires were as follows: PC-SAD, 73% and 88%; PHQ, 55% and 91%; GHQ-12, 73% and 78%. For dysthymic disorder, the sensitivity and specificity were as follows: PC-SAD, 56% and 95%; PHQ, 44% and 90%; GHQ-12, 56% and 76%. The small sample size suggests caution in drawing conclusions about the relative merits of these screeners. Although both the GHQ and the PHQ are short and easily hand scored, the first is a generic screener for psychiatric morbidity that is not specific for depression, while the second displayed modest sensitivity. The PC-SAD, with short average administration time, acceptable sensitivity and high specificity, might be particularly useful in settings where the technology for computer automated scoring is available. Although screening programmes might be useful, they should be supplemented by quality improvement programmes and by the development of consultation-liaison services.
 ...
PMID:Screening for depressive disorders in patients with skin diseases: a comparison of three screeners. 1615 33

The purpose of this paper is to identify potential predictors of treatment utilization, among both psychiatric and drug and alcohol variables. The subjects were 393 adolescents and young adults, age 12.9 to 18.11 years, who met DSM-IV criteria for a lifetime history of either alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence at baseline assessment. DSM-IV psychiatric and AUD diagnoses were obtained by semi-structure interviews (K-SADS and SCID). Other alcohol and drug variables were obtained by the Alcohol Consumption Questionnaire and other self-reports. The results of these analyses suggest that there are few potential predictors associated with substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. For mental health (MH) treatment, depression in the form of Major Depressive Disorder was relatively strong associated at baseline and follow-up, while Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder appear to be associated with MH treatment at follow-up. For SUD treatments, there are essentially no variables strongly associated with treatment. The best potential predictors of who enters treatment and how long they stay may not be related to comorbidity or other dimensional variables of clinical severity. Rather, treatment utilization appears to be related to environmental factors, which may include family factors, adolescent and parental motivation, access to treatment, or to the use of appropriate treatment modalities.
 ...
PMID:Clinical predictors of treatment in a population of adolescents with alcohol use disorders. 1616 5

This study was aimed at comparing the personality profile, the psychiatric comorbidity (depression and anxiety) and the tenderness of the pericranial and cervical muscles in women with chronic migraine (CM) and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Forty-one CM and 34 CTTH women were enrolled. A clinical evaluation (according to SCID-I) and a psychometric assessment (MMPI-2, STAI-1 and STAI-2) were performed. After palpation, a Pericranial muscle Tenderness Score (PTS) and a Cervical Muscle Tenderness Score (CTS) were calculated. No significant difference was detected in MMPI-2, STAI-1, STAI-2, PTS and CTS scores between the two groups. Anxiety and depression were present in 80% of CM and in 63% of CTTH women. We did not find any significant difference either in the personality profile or in the muscle tenderness between CM and CTTH patients. This similarity points to a role of these factors, in association with psychiatric comorbidity, in the chronicisation of headache.
 ...
PMID:A comparative analysis of personality profile and muscle tenderness between chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache. 1619 46

Associations between psychopathology and gender, duration of MS, disability and therapy with beta-interferons were studied in multiple sclerosis (MS) outpatients. A controlled descriptive epidemiological study was carried out in two Italian outpatient MS centres on 50 outpatients with clinically definite relapsing-remitting MS presenting for regular follow-up and 50 healthy controls matched for sex, age and educational level. Subjects were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID I), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). MS patients reported a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders (odds ratio 3.17), with 46% (n=23) suffering from major depressive disorder. The risk of suffering from any non-mood psychiatric disorder was also higher in MS patients than in controls (odds ratio 2.67). Risk factors for depression were female sex and severity of disability, but not therapy with interferon beta or longer duration of illness. Disability level, but not therapy with beta-interferons, is a risk factor for depression in MS outpatients. Regular screening for depression in this population is appropriate.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric disorders and depression in multiple sclerosis outpatients: impact of disability and interferon beta therapy. 1619 52

We assessed the potential relationship between personality disorder (PD) clusters, as assessed by the SCID-II, and temperamental traits assessed by the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) among a well-characterized, unmedicated cohort of outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The TPQ and SCID-II were administered to 263 depressed outpatients (mean age = 39.9 +/- 10.5 years; women = 139, 53%; initial 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression = 19.6 +/- 3.4) who currently met criteria for MDD and who were enrolled in an 8-week treatment trial. The multiple linear regression method was used to evaluate the relationship between TPQ factors and personality disorder clusters, controlling for age, gender, and initial 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score as necessary. Among outpatients with MDD, meeting criteria for a Cluster A PD diagnosis was related to high harm avoidance (HA) scores, as well as low reward dependence and novelty seeking (NS) scores. Additionally, high HA scores were associated with meeting criteria for a Cluster C PD diagnosis, while high NS scores were associated with meeting criteria for a Cluster B PD diagnosis. Certain temperament traits, especially HA and NS, appear to be associated with specific patterns of personality clusters among depressed patients.
 ...
PMID:Personality disorders and the trimensional personality questionnaire factors in major depressive disorder. 1626 Sep 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>