Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-two gastrectomized patients (mean age 56 years) with a serum B12 level less than 200 pg/ml were studied by psychological testing and electroencephalography. A total of 50 per cent exhibited mild to moderate or more severe intellectual impairment, judging by the history and psychological testing. EEG abnormalities were found, mainly in the form of reduced dominant activity, in 48 per cent. The results of psychological testing were in accurate conformity with the findings of dementia due to other reasons. The characteristic findings were depression and lability of affect, with a high frequency of suicidal attempts (20 per cent). We interpret the cerebral abnormalities as a result of vitamin B12 deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Various degrees of dementia in a selected group of gastrectomized patients with low serum B12. 85 44

Neurologic manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency are protean, including neuropathy, depression, and dementia. We present evidence to dispel confounding myths about vitamin B12 deficiency. Hematologic indices are normal in up to 30% of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, and results of the Schilling test may be normal in patients with symptoms of deficiency. Isolated neuropathy or myelopathy may occur independently, but often appear concurrently. The neuropathy is primarily axonal and predominantly sensory. Myelopathy is caused by demyelinated areas in posterior and lateral columns. After therapy, recovery from neuropathy is incomplete or may extend for several years. Vitamin B12 replacement should not be withheld from patients with borderline vitamin B12 levels, since the consequences of allowing myelopathy, neuropathy, dementia, and mental disorders to worsen clearly outweigh any disadvantage of therapy.
 ...
PMID:Myths about vitamin B12 deficiency. 174 82

The diagnostic evaluation of dementia is directed toward the identification of treatable causes. It can be facilitated by classification of the dementia into one of four categories: attentional, amnestic, cognitive, and intentional. Intentional dementia reflects dysfunction of frontal lobe systems, components of which include the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, limbic structures, and subcortical white matter. Disorders that affect one or more of these components and produce intentional dementia include Binswanger's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, HIV infection, closed head injury, normal pressure hydrocephalus, neoplasms, syphilis, vitamin B12 deficiency, multiple sclerosis, and a number of uncommon degenerative and acquired syndromes. Depression may resemble intentional dementia. Guidelines for diagnosis and management are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Multi-infarct dementia, subcortical dementia, and hydrocephalus. 203 8

Vitamin B12 deficiency develops over a slowly progressive continuum. Early manifestations may be generalized weakness or fatigue, indigestion, diarrhea, or depression. Pernicious anemia is considered the classic cause, but others include malabsorption because of achlorhydria or other gastric dysfunction, fish tapeworm infection, and strict vegetarianism. Iron deficiency often coexists. Because presentation is often atypical, vitamin B12 deficiency is a diagnostic consideration whenever neuropsychiatric signs or symptoms are unexplained.
 ...
PMID:Vitamin B12 deficiency. Important new concepts in recognition. 220 95

Indoles were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from control patients, from patients suffering from folate deficiency, and from patients with vitamin B12 deficiency. The folate-deficient patients were classified according to whether they exhibited a neuropsychiatric syndrome, consisting of organic mental changes, polyneuropathy, and depression, which responded to folate administration. CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was low in the vitamin B12-deficient patients and in those folate-deficient patients whose symptoms were not related to folate deficiency. CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid returned to normal with folate treatment in the patients exhibiting folate-responsive neuropsychiatric signs. The data indicate a close association between folate-responsive neuropsychiatric symptoms and changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in the central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:Effect of folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiencies on 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid. 618 39

Although an association of psychiatric symptoms with vitamin B12 deficiency is well accepted, the incidence and nature of these symptoms is not established. To help illuminate the natural history of this illness we review the literature regarding psychopathology associated with B12 deficiency and examine 15 cases, including one of our own, that meet specified criteria for B12-responsive psychosis. In the accepted cases the most common psychiatric symptoms were organic brain syndrome, paranoia, violence, and depression. Several of the patients were not anemic and had no neurologic deficit. Examination of blood smears or obtaining of serum B12 levels should be considered for patients with the symptoms described.
 ...
PMID:B12 deficiency and psychiatric disorders: case report and literature review. 701 36

This review focuses on the biochemical and clinical aspects of methylation in neuropsychiatric disorders and the clinical potential of their treatment with ademetionine (S-adenosylmethionine; SAMe). SAMe is required in numerous transmethylation reactions involving nucleic acids, proteins, phospholipids, amines and other neurotransmitters. The synthesis of SAMe is intimately linked with folate and vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) metabolism, and deficiencies of both these vitamins have been found to reduce CNS SAMe concentrations. Both folate and vitamin B12 deficiency may cause similar neurological and psychiatric disturbances including depression, dementia, myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy. SAMe has a variety of pharmacological effects in the CNS, especially on monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism and receptor systems. SAMe has antidepressant properties, and preliminary studies indicate that it may improve cognitive function in patients with dementia. Treatment with methyl donors (betaine, methionine and SAMe) is associated with remyelination in patients with inborn errors of folate and C-1 (one-carbon) metabolism. These studies support a current theory that impaired methylation may occur by different mechanisms in several neurological and psychiatric disorders.
 ...
PMID:The clinical potential of ademetionine (S-adenosylmethionine) in neurological disorders. 752 20

Some diseases develop dementia, but they may be dementia-like-situation, such as depression and drugs induced one. There are many causes as an etiology of dementia. Among them a lots of diseases are treatable dementia, like chronic subdural hematoma, normal pressure hydrocephalus, brain abscess, syphilis, herpetic encephalitis, Wilson's disease, hypothyroidism, parathyroid disease, vitamin B12 deficiency, pellagra etc. In examination of patients with dementia, exact history taking, physical examination and laboratory examination should be done carefully. In the patients with Alzheimer's dementia and cerebrovascular disease's dementia, as many risk factors are known, we must try to treat and exclude each risk factor and protect the dementia. Inactivity of physical and mental function is reported to induce the dementia, so activation of them could prevent the development and the progression of dementia. In future the methods of the prevention of apoptosis and cell death would be found in order to prevent the dementia. Free radical scavenger, nerve trophic factor, cytokine, antagonist of glutamate etc. will have the possibility to become the medicine for the dementia. The nerve transplantation, nerve transmitter, nerve peptide etc. might serve as the allopathic treatment for the dementia.
 ...
PMID:[Aging of brain and the maintenance of the function]. 875 27

Folate and vitamin B12 are required both in the methylation of homocysteine to methionine and in the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine. S-adenosylmethionine is involved in numerous methylation reactions involving proteins, phospholipids, DNA, and neurotransmitter metabolism. Both folate and vitamin B12 deficiency may cause similar neurologic and psychiatric disturbances including depression, dementia, and a demyelinating myelopathy. A current theory proposes that a defect in methylation processes is central to the biochemical basis of the neuropsychiatry of these vitamin deficiencies. Folate deficiency may specifically affect central monoamine metabolism and aggravate depressive disorders. In addition, the neurotoxic effects of homocysteine may also play a role in the neurologic and psychiatric disturbances that are associated with folate and vitamin B12 deficiency.
 ...
PMID:Folate, vitamin B12, and neuropsychiatric disorders. 915 10

Homocysteine (Hcy) may represent a metabolic link in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular diseases and old-age dementias. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease, and is also associated with cerebrovascular disease; specifically, the risk of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis significantly increases in relation to Hcy levels. Hcy is a reliable marker of vitamin B12 deficiency, a common condition in the elderly which is known to induce neurological deficits including cognitive impairment; a high prevalence of folate deficiency has been reported in psychogeriatric patients suffering from depression and dementia. Both these vitamins occupy a key position in the remethylation and synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), a major methyl donor in CNS; therefore, deficiencies in either of these vitamins lead to a decrease in SAMe and increase in Hcy, which can be critical in the aging brain. Another pathogenetic mechanism linking high Hcy levels to reduced cognitive performances in the elderly might be represented by excitotoxicity, since hyperhomocysteinemia may lead to an excessive production of homocysteic acid and cysteine sulphinic acid, which act as endogenous agonists of NMDA receptors. Considering the reasonably high prevalence in the general population of a genetic predisposition to a thermolabile form of the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), hyperhomocysteinemia can be seen as the result of multiple genetic and environmental factors leading to vascular and/or neurodegenerative disorders where age-related involutive phenomena represent a common pathogenetic ground. Systematic studies in different psychogeriatric conditions monitoring Hcy levels and clinical features before and after vitamin supplementation are therefore highly recommended.
 ...
PMID:Role of homocysteine in age-related vascular and non-vascular diseases. 935 35


1 2 3 4 Next >>