Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationship of attempted suicide to demographic characteristics, current and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, clinical history, and current symptoms was assessed in a sample of 184 recently hospitalized psychotic patients. Forty-three patients (23%) had an attempt history, and 28 (15% of sample; 65% of attempters) made an attempt during the episode for which they were hospitalized. Demographic characteristics did not distinguish attempters from nonattempters. Variables significantly associated with having ever attempted suicide were current diagnosis of unipolar major depressive disorder but not bipolar; lifetime major depressive episode; a history characterized by a less acute onset, lower pre-admission psychosocial functioning, and episodes of physical violence; and a symptom picture characterized by greater depression, hopelessness, negative symptoms, hallucinations and less thought disorder. Those with a current attempt had significantly higher rates of lifetime history of major depression and less physical violence than those with past attempts only. The potential importance of the data for predicting future suicidal acts is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Rates and correlates of suicide attempts in first-admission psychotic patients. 781 Mar 39

The bidirectional relation between life events and self-reported depression was examined across a 1-year period. With Time 1 depression controlled, Time 2 stress accounted for an additional 10% of Time 2 depressive symptoms. Health-related stress, family violence, and financial stress at Time 2 predicted Time 2 depression after control for Time 1 depression. With Time 1 stress controlled, Time 2 depression accounted for 8% of the variance in Time 2 stress. Time 2 depression predicted Time 2 health-related stress, financial stress, household changes, spouse-partner stress, family violence stress, and substance abuse stress, controlling for each of these stressors at Time 1. The results describe a complex relation between stress and depression and suggest that the relation between stress and depression is moderated by the type of stress.
 ...
PMID:Relation between depressive symptoms and stressful life events in a sample of disadvantaged mothers. 786 Aug 21

The transition from adolescence to adulthood for many urban black youth today contains a number of formidable barriers and often results in a variety of adverse developmental and behavioral outcomes. Nurses and other health providers have an obligation to answer the urgent need for improvements in the health status of black adolescents. This paper reviews the current psychosocial functioning of black youth while emphasizing the disadvantaged social contexts in which most live, which place them at a higher risk for a variety of negative outcomes. Data concerning mental and social health indicators for black adolescents suggest (a) a negative mental health trajectory with high rates of depression, psychiatric hospitalization rates, and suicides, and (b) a poor social health status with alarming school dropout and juvenile delinquency rates, and chronic violence exposure, substance use, and teen pregnancy. An application of the stress-coping framework to black adolescents is suggested as a way to conceptualize the relationship between stress factors and their influence on development. Because this framework places much emphasis on environmental factors as causes for psychological distress, it provides a means to account for the differential incidence of mental and social illnesses among black adolescents. Nursing interventions related to stress and coping among black adolescents may serve to increase well-being and actualize health promotion. However, research efforts are needed to discover which strategies are used by black youth to cope with the stressful experiences faced in their daily lives. Findings could enhance the design, planning, and implementation of prevention and educational programs, making them more consistent with the unique needs of black adolescents.
 ...
PMID:Toward an understanding of the health status of black adolescents: an application of the stress-coping framework. 788 97

There is a growing recognition of the strong association between psychoactive substance abuse and violence. Repeated exposure to violent trauma is particularly salient for women. Moreover, violent trauma may play a role in the etiologies of depression, substance abuse, and trauma-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For the female methadone patient, an untreated trauma-related disorder can be a hidden factor that hinders treatment response and leads to treatment complications, such as depression, polysubstance abuse, or treatment drop out. This article reviews the prevalence of trauma and violence for women on methadone, comparing low-income, inner-city female drug abusers with males in methadone treatment on childhood and adulthood exposure to violent trauma and PTSD. Because women are in a minority in methadone maintenance treatment programs, standard treatment approaches have generally not focused on their particular issues and needs. Two alternative models are presented for group treatment of trauma and trauma-related disorders in female methadone patients; potential benefits of each in reducing symptomatology and improving interpersonal functioning are examined. Modification of standard approaches and the typical barriers to engagement in treatment for this special population are also addressed.
 ...
PMID:Trauma and trauma-related disorders for women on methadone: prevalence and treatment considerations. 788 4

1. Although the topic of the treatment of child abusers does not evoke much sympathy in the public or the mental health profession, the solution to this problem does not lie in hoping that all abusers should commit suicide--or that suicide is a deserved outcome for the abuser. 2. Our first priority is and should remain the child's safety; however, in too many cases the abuser-perpetrator is inextricably linked to the child, and whatever happens to the abuser may have consequences for the child. 3. It is hoped that the skewed punitive view of the abuser will change as we better understand the dynamics among violence, depression, and child abuse in our society. We could then offer the victim and perpetrator better treatment and improve our preventive strategies.
 ...
PMID:Suicidal ideation and child abusers. Three case studies. 788 90

Forty adolescent inpatients with histories of frequent interpersonal violent behavior were compared with 36 hospitalized adolescents without histories of overt violence using self-report questionnaires that measured violence risk, depression, impulsivity, and suicide risk. The two groups did not differ in terms of their demographic characteristics, but the violent patients had a higher prevalence of substance abuse and borderline personality disorder diagnoses. Violent adolescents were more impulsive and at higher suicide risk than nonviolent adolescents. In addition, violent adolescents had more positive histories of suicide attempts and had significantly higher family histories of attempted and completed suicide. In the total sample of adolescents, violence risk was significantly correlated with impulsivity and suicide risk, but not with depression.
 ...
PMID:Correlates of violence risk in hospitalized adolescents. 795 86

The aim was to examine the association between causal attributions for marital violence and emotional reactions of 15 women from two refuges in Northern Ireland. The women who perceived the cause of the violence as stable and uncontrollable scored higher on the Avoidance and Intrusion subscales of the Impact of Events Scale, respectively. In addition, more global causal attributions were associated with higher scores on Intrusion and Avoidance as well as depressive symptomatology as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. No evidence was, however, found to support the view that these women were engaged in self-blaming (attributions tended to be overwhelmingly external).
 ...
PMID:Causal attributions for marital violence and emotional response by women seeking refuge. 798 37

Although previous research has shown that childhood adversity has long-term effects on adult depression, little is known about the causal pathways involved in these effects. In this report data from a two-wave longitudinal survey of the U.S. household population are used to study these pathways as they affect the association between childhood family violence and adult recurrence of depression. We focus on recurrence of depression because most episodes of clinically significant depression in adulthood occur to persons with a history of depression. We find that chronic interpersonal stress in adulthood mediates the effect of childhood family violence on recurrence of depression, and that childhood family violence modifies the effect of chronic adult interpersonal stress on recurrence of depression. Furthermore, in the absence of chronic adult interpersonal stress there is no association between childhood family violence and adult recurrence of depression.
 ...
PMID:Childhood family violence and adult recurrent depression. 801 27

5-HT2 binding sites were quantitated, by saturation binding with [3H]ketanserin, in six brain regions from 73 subjects who died by suicide and 70 sudden death controls. There were no significant differences in the number of 5-HT2 binding sites between suicides and controls in any brain region within the total suicide group or when suicides were divided on the basis of violence of death. Similar results were found when suicides were divided into those with a firm retrospective diagnosis of depression, whether they had been receiving antidepressants or not, and those who were heterogeneous in respect of psychiatric diagnosis and drug treatment. The present findings contrast with previous reports of higher cortical 5-HT2 binding sites in suicides; possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Brain 5-HT2 receptors in suicide victims: violence of death, depression and effects of antidepressant treatment. 803 89

This study explores the complex nature of mental health challenges and priorities in a post-apartheid South Africa. Special reference is made to indigenous people's experiences of poverty, racism, sexism and the machinery of political repression as critical bases for determining the priorities in mental health services. Whilst the provision of mental health services for all is sought by mental health professionals and legal systems in Western countries and other African states, South Africa has not developed a coherent sociolegal policy which aims at preventing, alleviating and healing mental health problems for all its citizens. Research gathered through a phenomenological approach amongst the oppressed seeks to define the terrain of people's psychological problems. Although data used are deduced mainly from the 'oppressed' on one white owned farm, questions raised and conclusions drawn address national as opposed to regional solutions, and also facilitate thinking about mental health priorities for all South Africans living under similar conditions. Commonly experienced problems are the effects of organized violence, child and adolescent problems, the prevalence of alcohol and drug use, depression, lack of facilities for the disabled and psychological care for homeless children, families and the youth. Participants were ignorant about mental health services, they experienced them as inaccessible and they were generally suspicious of an lacked faith in mental health workers. The author proposes broad future mental health options, like the restoration of family life in oppressed communities, the training of lay counsellors and the introduction of community mental health programmes. A suggestion is made that health workers in community mental health centres should adopt an advocacy position against all forms of unfair practices and violence and lobby for the protection of human rights.
 ...
PMID:Violent oppression: implications for mental health priorities in South Africa. 806 47


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>