Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a double-blind study the therapeutic effect and tolerance of pizotifen was compared with placebo in 20 outpatients of both sexes suffering from light to moderate depression. Pizotifen seems to possess certain antidepressive effects in dosages of 4-10 mg daily. These properties, and the well-documented effect of pizotifen in migraine, could make it an alternative in treating patients suffering from the often seen combination of vascular headache/depression.
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PMID:Pizotifen as an antidepressant. 33 88

CBF was studied in 15 cases of vascular headache by the 135Xe intra-arterial injection method. The mean CBF was found to be increased during the headache phase of the migraine attacks in half the cases, mainly due to an increase in the rapid component (CBFg). After the attack there could be an increase or a decrease of the slow component (CBFw). Reactivity to anaesthetic depression was studied in 8 migraine cases and on the whole it was found not to be much altered in most cases. Finally, no modifications of CBF were found in any of 3 cases of cluster headache who were studied during attacks of severe pain.
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PMID:Cerebral blood flow in migraine and cluster headache. Compartmental analysis and reactivity to anaesthetic depression. 72 60

Older people often describe their headaches as starting with vague neck discomfort and eventually moving to the temples and forehead. These are muscle-tension headaches, by far the most common type in the elderly. Although cervical osteoarthritis often is at fault, depression can be a significant factor, patricularly when headaches are chronic. There is no sure cure for tension headache, and often, several of the many remedies-ethyl chloride spray, moist heat, massage, antidepressant drugs, analgesics, local anesthetics, etc.-must be tried before an effective one is found. But just as important to successful therapy are concern, compassion, and a willingness to listen on the part of the physician. True migraine headaches are rare in the elderly. More prevalent is the type of vascular headache associated with giant cell arteritis, which is severe and resistant to any form of analgesic except the strongest narcotics. Vascular headaches also may result from congestive heart failure (which produces venous congestion in the cranial cavity), transient ischemia, increased intracranial pressure, and a variety of metabolic disturbances.
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PMID:The types of headache that affect the elderly. 95 13

Therapy by bright white light was applied to 51 patients. 4 blocks of psychoautonomic syndromes of neurotic nature were analysed: 1) pronounced (14 cases) and mild (12) hypothalamic dysfunction; 2) moderate and pronounced depression (21) and the state without depression (9); 3) headache of different types--37 patients, including 21 ones with chronic headache of effort, combined with migraine--5 cases, or combined with vascular headache--11 patients; 4) paroxysmal disorders (43 individuals: 25--with typical panic attacks, 18--with atypical panic attacks). More pronounced positive effect was found in the group with atypic PA and in the group with slight hypothalamic dysfunction, accompanied by solitary neuro-endocrine symptoms with moderate or severe depression, with chronic headache of strain including a combination with migraine. Neuroendocrine, motivative, psychovegetative, algesic and psychopathologic symptomatology was decreased significantly in all the groups with positive effect together with the improvement of the objective psychophysiologic indices. Intrahemispheric interactions were also improved, exactly: the power of frequency EEG spectrum increased, in general, because of both the increase of the slow rhythms from both sides and the approach of the coefficient of asymmetry to the control. The least effect was observed in the patients with senesto-hypochondric syndrome, with prevalence of anxiety over depression, with rude hypothalamic dysfunction, with vascular headache, with typic PA.
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PMID:[The influence of phototherapy on psycho-autonomic syndromes]. 1035 13

Vascular headaches, including migraine, cluster, and migrainous transformation to chronic daily headaches, are disabling. During and shortly after headache intervals, difficulties are reported in concentration, comprehension, and communication, not accounted for by nausea, photophobia, or sonophobia. These interfere with interpersonal relations and performance at work with economic loss. The hypothesis tested and reported here is that cognitive impairments comprise an important part of vascular headache diatheses. One hundred ninety-six otherwise normative subjects suffering from migraine or cluster, but not tension-type, headaches (136 women, 63 men; mean age, 46 years) participated in an outpatient prospective trial. One hundred thirty-three patients had migraine without aura, 39 migraine with aura, 11 periodic cluster (by IHS criteria), and 13 had migrainous transformation into chronic daily headaches. Neuropsychological testing was compared with and without headaches, by combined Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination (CCSE), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). During headache intervals, significant decline was measured in both CCSE and MMSE scores (P <. 001) without HDRS change in all types of vascular headache and independent of headache severity, which often improved, or associated physical symptoms. Cognitive decline was promptly relieved by serotonin agonists and sleep. Disorders of cerebral serotoninergic projection systems appear to cause these reversible cognitive impairments.
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PMID:Reversible cognitive decline accompanies migraine and cluster headaches. 1097 60

In intracranial structures unmyelinated C- and Adelta-fibers of the trigeminal nerve transmit pain stimuli from meninges to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C). Peripheral nerve endings surround meningeal vessels (the so-called trigeminovascular system) and contain vasoactive neuropeptides (calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and neurokinin A). Activation of the trigeminovascular system promotes a meningeal sterile inflammatory response through the release of neuropeptides by peripheral endings. Orthodromic conduction along trigeminovascular fibers transmits information centrally with induction of immediate early c-fos gene within post-synaptic Sp5C neurons, as a marker of neuronal activity within central nociceptive pathways. In laboratory animals the system is activated by either electrical stimulation of the TG, chemical stimulation of the meninges, electrical or mechanical stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus or by induction of cortical spreading depression. All these techniques induce c-fos within Sp5C and are used as a rodent/feline model of vascular headache in humans. Up-to-date there is evidence that at least ten receptors (5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D), 5-HT(lF), 5-HT(2B), NK-1, GABA(A), NMDA, AMPA, class III metabotropic glutamate receptors, and opioids mu receptors) modulate c-fos expression within Sp5C. These receptors represent potential targets for anti-migraine drugs as shown by triptans (5-HT(1B/1D/1F)) and ergot alkaloids (5-HT(1A1B/1D/1F)). This review discusses the importance of c-fos expression within Sp5C as a marker of cephalic nociception, the different cephalic pain models that induce c-fos within Sp5C, the receptors involved and their potential role as targets for anti-migraine drugs.
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PMID:Receptor systems mediating c-fos expression within trigeminal nucleus caudalis in animal models of migraine. 1124 84

Headache is a common presenting complaint in most family physicians' practices. Anxiety and depression (the ache of living) are at the root of most cases. A significant minority suffer from vascular headaches and a few cases harbor organic lesions.Headaches due to eyestrain, sinusitis, trigeminal neuralgia and hypertension are greatly overdiagnosed. The precise diagnosis of all cases of headache is important in choosing the appropriate therapy. Often the greatest benefit achieved is the discontinuation of inappropriate and potentially harmful treatment or self-medication.
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PMID:Headache as a presenting symptom. 2046 75

Headaches are a common adverse effect of fluoxetine therapy. A patient who developed vascular headaches while being treated for depression is reported and possible mechanisms discussed.
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PMID:Fluoxetine and vascular headaches. 2174 67

A bi-directional relationship between depression and migraine has been widely reported in epidemiological and clinical studies, but the mechanisms of interaction between these disorders have not been fully examined using animal models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of depression elicited by olfactory bulbectomy (OB) on trigeminovascular nociception in conscious rats. The nociception was induced by electrical stimulation of the dura mater surrounding the superior sagittal sinus (SSS); this procedure causes nociception similar to that experienced during vascular headaches such as migraine. We showed that nociceptive behaviors (grooming and head flicks) were significantly enhanced in OB rats as compared to sham-operation (Sham) rats and that these nociceptive behaviors were correlated with depressive-like behaviors. Systemic administration of the antidepressant amitriptyline (AMI) significantly alleviated nociceptive behaviors in both the OB rats and Sham rats. Plasma levels of substance P (SP), but not plasma calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP), significantly increased in OB rats and plasma SP levels decreased to normal following AMI treatment. Furthermore, changes in plasma SP levels were associated with both depressive-like behaviors and nociceptive behaviors. In conclusion, our results indicate that OB-induced depression can exacerbate trigeminovascular nociception, which may be mediated by SP. Moreover, we demonstrate that inhibition of SP release may contribute to the antinociceptive effect of AMI.
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PMID:The effects of OB-induced depression on nociceptive behaviors induced by electrical stimulation of the dura mater surrounding the superior sagittal sinus. 2200 86