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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intraocular inflammation induced by an intravitreal injection of Shigella endotoxin into the rat eye produces early changes in the number of dividing cells of the lens epithelium and affects the organization of the meridional rows. A depression in mitotic activity in the germinative zone is observed during the first 24 hr after injection. At 48 hr, despite the continued mitotic inhibition in the germinative zone, an increase in cell division occurs in the central zone. By 72 hr, the germinative zone mitosis reappears and exceeds control values, whereas the central zone mitotic activity returns to normal. At that time mitotic figures are found in the transitional zone. Disorganization of the meridional rows is seen as early as 12 hr after injection (the first time period observed) and reaches a peak by 48 hr. During the next 5 days, however, the severity of the disorganization diminishes. By the seventh day the rows appear, for the most part, fully recovered, and the mitotic activity reaches normal or near-normal levels in all regions. The details of these observations and their possible relationship to inflammatory cataracta complicata are discussed.
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PMID:The effect of endotoxin-induced intraocular inflammation on the rat lens epithelium. 37 24

We perfused enucleated human eyes via the anterior chamber by the constant pressure technique. Infusion of human serum into the anterior chamber of enucleated human eyes for 30 minutes at 23 mm Hg pressure induced a 42% decrease in facility of outflow, which was not relieved by irrigation of the anterior chamber with balanced salt solution or alpha-chymotrypsin. Diluted serum also reduced the facility of outflow. Measured in a glass viscometer, diluted serum had less viscosity than undiluted, but interfered with outflow from the eye more than anticipated on the basis of viscosity alone. When we used lens depression to induce tension on the iridocorneal angle to simulate the effects of contraction of the ciliary muscle, outflow facility increased in control eyes that had not been exposed to serum and in serum-perfused eyes. However, the partial obstruction to outflow that had been induced by serum persisted. Normal serum components may become adsorbed or entrapped in the aqueous outflow system so as to obstruct outflow, and this may result in secondary glaucoma in eyes with chronic uveitis.
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PMID:Serum obstruction of aqueous outflow in enucleated eyes. 67 20

Hemostasis studies of 152 patients with inflammatory dystrophic and circulatory diseases of the retina and the uveal tract have shown that the major hemostasis disorders consisted in the presence of soluble fibrin monomer complexes in the blood of 62-90.5% of patients and in retarded lysis of the blood euglobulin fraction. Patients with the above hemostasis disorders and central serous chorioretinopathies and abiotrophies develop delayed formation of the fibrin clot and its poor retraction, that is characteristic of latent imbalance of the coagulation and fibrinolysis processes and liability to DIC. Patients with retinal vein thrombosis develop, besides delayed fibrin polymerization in the clot and reduction of platelet contractility, a drastic depression of the blood and lacrimal fibrinolytic activity. Central choroiditis and uveitis was associated with a marked increase of lacrimal fibrinolysis and reduced blood plasma fibrinolysis, along with enhanced paracoagulation and prolonged lysis of the blood euglobulin fraction, this resulting in hypoproteolytic hypercoagulation. Local and systemic fibrinolysis test may help choose the drugs for local and general pathogenetic therapy.
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PMID:[Hemostasis in patients with diseases of the retina and uveal tract]. 152 88

The authors analyze the results of prelaboratory diagnosis of immunologic insufficiency in 948 patients with various clinical forms of endogenic uveitis and retinovasculitis; the diagnosis was based on the totality of clinical signs and ther combinations, summed up in a universal diagnostic chart developed at the Institute of Immunology of the RSFSR Ministry of Health. Immunologic insufficiency was diagnosed in 67.5 percent of uveitis patients mainly in the presence of infectious or autoimmune syndromes developing, as is well known, in depression of T cellular immunity. This is practically valuable for the development of pathogenetic treatment of these grave patients, whose multiple-modality treatment should include immunostimulants and immunomodulators.
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PMID:[Clinical pre-laboratory diagnosis of immune deficiency in diseases of the vascular coating and retina]. 203 99

Acute renal failure due to tubulo-interstitial nephritis developed in a 12 year old boy. It was accompanied by an inflammatory syndrome consisting of a markedly increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high levels of C. reactive protein and fibrin. The association of these anomalies with an uveitis are typical of the Tinu syndrome (tubulo-interstitial nephritis uveitis) first described by Dobrin and al. in 1975. The interest of this case lies in the observation of focal chorioretinitis, as yet never described. The possibility of toxoplasmosis is discussed; it could be a direct etiologic factor or could represent a concurrent phenomenon. However no evidence of toxoplasmic infection could be demonstrated in this case, nor in any case previously reported. Light microscopic examination of a renal biopsy reveals diffuse monocellular interstitial infiltration and epithelioid granulomas. In some cases, non-specific bone marrow and lymph node granulomas have been found. In the Tinu syndrome, the nephropathy is completely reversible, either spontaneously or following steroid treatment; this contrasts with the tendency towards relapse of the uveitis. The possible pathogenesis and the relationship with other idiopathic acute nephritis and uveitis are discussed. As in some previous publications, the presence of circulating immune complexes in our patient would suggest the involvement of the immune system. Temporary depression of cellular immunity was also observed in some cases. But the etiology and the pathogenesis of this syndrome are still unknown.
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PMID:[Interstitial tubulo-nephritis and uveitis (Nitu syndrome). Apropos of a case]. 262 76

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae serotype 5 was isolated from blood obtained antemortem from a horse with presenting problems of laminitis, uveitis, acute blindness, localized ventral edema and depression. The patient failed to respond to therapy and died 96 hours after the onset of clinical signs. Cultures of the lung postmortem yielded Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae serotype 5, Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., and Klebsiella sp.
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PMID:Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae bacteremia in a horse. 292 78

Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis is a rare but significant cause of visual impairment. This form of uveitis is misdiagnosed more than any other in the entire field of uveitis. This is particularly true among brown-eyed individuals in whom gross heterochromia may not be diagnosed for many years. The clinical presentation of Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis may include a number of generally unrecognised variants among which are Koeppe nodules, transient synechia formations, and blood-filled cysts. Recently the relationship of heterochromic iridocyclitis to posterior inflammatory lesions, such as those of toxoplasmosis, has been explored. Although the disease was once thought to be a degenerative or trophic disorder, current investigations reveal that it is a true inflammation of immunologic origin. The disorder may be related to a depression of suppressor T-cell activity. The aetiology of the disease is still obscure, but in some cases an association with simple heterochromia has been found among families in whom multiple members are affected by either simple heterochromia or Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis. Corticosteroid treatment of Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis is not effective and should be reserved for those patients in whom inflammatory products obstruct the visual axis. Most patients should be treated by observation alone. Cataract and glaucoma are the most important complications. Treatment of the glaucoma is particularly difficult and often unsuccessful.
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PMID:Doyne lecture. Heterochromic iridocyclitis. 389 9

The inflammatory cell reaction within the vitreous and uvea of a human eye with atypical sympathetic ophthalmia was studied immunohistologically and with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The uveal infiltrate consisted predominantly of T cells of the helper/inducer subset, with less than 5% of the cells characterized as B cells, plasma cells, or monocytes. These results suggest that T cells perform an important role in atypical human sympathetic ophthalmia. A similar population of mononuclear cells was observed in the vitreous inflammatory infiltrate, in marked contrast to the peripheral blood, where there was a significant depression of circulating T cells. The similarity between the inflammatory cell populations within the vitreous cavity and uvea, in contrast to the peripheral blood, underlines the importance of studying the intraocular inflammatory reaction in uveitis to gain further insight into the mechanism of this disease.
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PMID:Human sympathetic ophthalmia. Immunologic analysis of the vitreous and uvea. 394 99

Radical-scavenging antioxidants, as part of the cellular defense system, function to inhibit the formation and propagation of free radicals and active oxygen species formation. In previous studies we demonstrated that endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes oxidative stress and associated pathological changes in a rat model and that use of selected antioxidants was effective in reducing LPS-related lipid peroxidation product formation in the liver, as well as LPS-related pathological changes in different organs. In this study, several toxicological parameters (ie, clinical signs, blood chemistry, and histopathological changes) were compared among groups of male New Zealand rabbits injected with LPS following prophylactic pretreatment with either of 2 antioxidants, a group injected with LPS without pretreatment with antioxidants, groups injected with either of the 2 antioxidants only, and an untreated control group. The antioxidants used were a water-soluble natural antioxidant (NAO) from spinach and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin. Exposure to LPS alone was associated clinically with depression, tachypnea, outer ear vasodilation, and iris congestion; biochemically with a significant increase in blood total bilirubin, transaminase activity, and glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; macroscopically with multiple whitish areas in the liver; and histologically with hepatocellular focal necrosis and acute inflammation, thymic and splenic lymphoid necrosis and depletion, acute uveitis and hemorrhages in the ciliary processes, and decreased adrenal cortical cytoplasmic vacuolation considered consistent with depletion of steroidal hormone contents. The NAO had more effective prophylactic capacities than the apocynin. The protective effects were obvious in all investigated parameters. The results indicate the possible therapeutic efficacy of NAO in the treatment of clinical endotoxemia associated with gram-negative bacterial sepsis that is known to be associated with oxidative stress.
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PMID:The prophylactic effects of natural water-soluble antioxidant from spinach and apocynin in a rabbit model of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. 1093 47

Extra-intestinal manifestations occur in at least 25% of Crohn's disease patients. Some extra-intestinal manifestations, such as erythema nodusum and peripheral arthropathy, will wax and wane in keeping with bowel inflammation. The more severe cutaneous ulcerations, uveitis, and axial arthropathy may precede bowel disease or persist after it subsides. Screening may be appropriate for eye disease and for osteoporosis to prevent complications. Medical management for extra-intestinal manifestations is similar to treatment for the bowel symptoms of Crohn's disease, with corticosteroids the mainstay. Pain and depression are associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and their control benefits patients. Recent small studies with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents are promising for most extra-intestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease, and may permit more steroid-sparing disease control in the future.
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PMID:Extra-intestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease. 1756 Apr 19


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