Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The isolated longitudinal or circular muscle strip of rat uterus on day 20 of pregnancy becomes quiescent when incubated with Krebs solution for about 2 hr. Electric stimulation gave rise to a twitch-like contraction with a small amplitude instead of the spontaneous phasic contraction observed during the early period of incubation. When saponin (30-500 micrograms/ml) was applied, the basal tension was elevated and spontaneous contractions having large amplitude were elicited. The amplitude was larger than the phasic contraction of the K-contracture observed prior to the saponin treatment. The membrane was depolarized by about 25 mV, and periodic burst discharge was generated at the onset of saponin treatment. Raising the external Mg concentration from 0 to 2.4 mM in steps caused a depression of contractions in a dose-dependent manner before treatment with saponin, whereas the depression by Mg was much reduced after saponin treatment. The saponin-treated muscle recovered to exhibit control activity when tissues were superfused with Krebs solution for hours, i.e. the membrane was repolarized, the duration of action potential was detracted, and the depressant effect of Mg was again potentiated. For comparison, the effects of saponin and Mg on the contractions of ileal longitudinal muscle of pregnant rat were studied. In view of the above observations, the following were discussed. 1. Saponin impaired the depressant effect of Mg on the generation of contractions. 2. The membrane once impaired by saponin recovered in vitro probably under the influence of the genomic effect of ovarian hormones, a phenomenon which appeared characteristic for pregnant uterus.
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PMID:Effects of a brief treatment with saponin on the contractile and electrical activities of isolated uterine muscle of pregnant rat. 650 31

Studies were made on the effects of human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS) on normal and malignant cells and tissues in Swiss mice. HCS was found to produce a significant increase in the fresh weight of normal liver, kidney, spleen, testis, ovary and uterus. Total cell counts of leukocytes and erythrocytes were elevated. The percentage of granulocytes in blood was found to be increased and the percentage of lymphocytes was decreased following HCS treatment. HCS stimulated the growth of ascitic Ehrlich's carcinoma and Sarcoma 180, and nucleic acid synthesis by these tumor cells. A depression in the mitogen induced blastogenesis of lymphocytes was also noted following HCS treatment.
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PMID:Effects of a placental hormone, human chorionic somatomammotropin on normal and malignant cells. 653 98

Animal experimental studies conducted at the turn of the century resulted in the use of magnesium sulphate as an anticonvulsant in humans. In U.S. clinics, parenteral administration of magnesium sulphate became a routine procedure in the treatment of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia. This treatment has proved very effective in treating convulsions in pregnancy provided an adequate dosage was given amounting to up to 60 g daily. Mother and infant mortality were largely eliminated. Numerous clinical studies showed a negligible side effect rate. Side effects in the foetus: These are due to penetration of magnesium into the foetal blood circulation. Reports on an inhibition of cardiac rate fluctuation and changes in calcium levels have been contradictory, and hence not generally accepted. It is claimed that the parathormone level may drop slightly. Isolated reports on foetal magnesium intoxications associated with depression of breathing, slackness and hyporeflexia often prompt the conclusion that this disease pattern had been due to immaturity and asphyxia. Generally, foetal magnesium blood levels do not correlate well with signs of magnesium intoxication. Urine excretion is greatly slowed down in foetal immaturity. Side effects in the mother: Short-term relaxing action on the uterus has been described frequently. High dosages have been successfully used in arresting labour if there is a tendency to premature birth. Increase in uterine blood flow was seen after administration of magnesium sulphate in animal experiments. Magnesium is said to reduce blood coagulation by influencing fibrinolysis and thrombocyte resistance. However, a somewhat enhanced loss of blood during birth is said to be more likely due to relaxation of the uterus than to a disturbance of blood coagulation. Rapid intravenous injection causes short-term flushing, nausea and vomiting. Short-acting drops in blood pressure are possible. The cardiac output is said to increase at the conventional dosage level whereas the peripheral resistance drops due to vasodilation. Increases and decreases in heart rate have been reported, but in most cases no changes were seen. Changes in ventricular action time occur with toxic doses only, which can lead to cardiac arrest in the diastole. Other toxic signs are hyporeflexia, depressed breathing and CNS depressions which may result in coma. Hyporeflexia always occurs before the other toxic signs appear, so that it can be used as a clinical control criterion. Calcium gluconate, given via the IV route, is a good and rapid-acting antidote.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Use of magnesium sulfate as an anticonvulsant in severe pregnancy toxemia and eclampsia]. 655 75

The effects of injecting estradiol, progesterone or both hormones to immature rats, on the spontaneous contractions of isolated uterine horns and on prostaglandin (PG) E and F-like materials released into the bathing medium, were studied. The in vitro contractile decrement detected both in controls as well as in the group receiving progesterone (P4) alone, was only minor. On the other hand, preparations from rats treated with 17-beta-estradiol (E2) exhibited a significant and progressive reduction of spontaneous motility. Coincident with these smaller contractions a significant diminution of PGE-output accompanied by an enhancement of the release of PGF-like material into the suspending solution, were found. The initial (postisolation) isometric developed tension (IDT) of uterine preparations from immature rats injected with sex hormones was significantly higher than that of tissues from untreated control animals. Neither the initial contractile frequency (CF) nor its constancy changed following hormonal treatment (E2 or P4), except in the case of uteri from animals treatment (E2 or P4), except in the case of uteri from animals administered with P4, which showed a smaller decrement of CF than controls. Furthermore, tissue preparations obtained from animals injected with P4 released into the bathing media similar amounts of PGE-like material as controls, but significantly more PGF. It is interesting that the injection of E2 plus P4 increased the output of PGE-like material but did not modify that of PGE i. e., the depressive effect of estradiol on the release of PGE into the bathing media was abolished by the administration of P4. On the other hand, the addition of indomethacin or acetylsalicylic acid to the bath solution reduced significantly contractions of uterine horns isolated from immature animals. The foregoing results, supporting our previous findings on the effect of P4 on PGF release from the rat uterus, are in keeping with the hypothesis holding that better spontaneous motility correlates well with a greater release of PGE and that E2 injection coincides with a depression of both PGE output and myometrial contractions.
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PMID:Sex hormones and the motility of and prostaglandin output from, uterine horns of immature rats. 659 Dec 13

The effects of relaxin on contractility and membrane potential of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the uterus have been studied in vitro using oestrogen-treated, non-pregnant rats and pregnant rats. Relaxin decreased the amplitude of contractions induced by electrical stimulation of longitudinal myometrium by decreasing the duration of the bursts of action potentials. This effect was transient and tachyphylaxis always developed and was observed following injection of steroids and up to day 17 of pregnancy. There was no inhibition of tissues from rats from day 18 of pregnancy to term. The peptide had no effect on resting membrane potential, space constant or time constant. Action potentials recorded from circular myometrium of non-pregnant rats pre-treated with oestrogen consisted of an initial spike or short burst of spikes followed by a prolonged plateau of depolarization. Spontaneous action potentials and associated contractions were abolished within 2 min of exposure to relaxin (10(-8) g/ml) while contractions of much smaller amplitude could be evoked with depolarizing current pulses. This effect was associated with depression of the plateau component of the action potential whereas the spike component was left intact. Relaxin had no effect on passive membrane properties. The action potentials of circular myometrium of rats up to day 21 of pregnancy were qualitatively similar to those recorded in the same muscle layer from oestrogen-treated, non-pregnant rats and the plateau component was also blocked by relaxin in these tissues. Bursts of spikes were observed in circular strips 24-36 h before parturition, and the effect of the peptide on these was a transient inhibition similar to that observed in longitudinal myometrium. Oxytocin increased the amplitude of the spike and the amplitude and duration of the plateau. Relaxin abolished the plateau in the presence of 10(-11) and 10(-10) M-oxytocin but was ineffective when the concentration of the spasmogen was increased further. Prostaglandin F2 alpha increased the amplitude and duration of the plateau. Relaxin abolished the responses to 10(-10) and 10(-9) M-prostaglandin F2 alpha. The results of this study demonstrate that relaxin specifically inhibits contractions in the circular layer of the myometrium by abolishing the plateau component of the action potential. This action appears to be different from that of other smooth muscle relaxants tested in these experiments (isoprenaline, papaverine and verapamil). All of these abolished simultaneously both the spike and plateau components of the action potential.
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PMID:Relaxin inhibits the plateau component of the action potential in the circular myometrium of the rat. 659 29

Cases of fatal poisoning with cupric compounds are relatively rare in everyday life and are not covered much in forensic literature. A case was encountered of fatal poisoning with a blue vitriol solution introduced into the uterine cavity in order to interrupt a pregnancy. A 39-year-old woman brought to the hospital by ambulance complained of pain in the lumbar region and profuse bloody genital discharge, which had appeared 3 days earlier. She believed she was 2 months pregnant and denied artificial interruption of the pregnancy. Upon examination, her condition was grave: a weak pulse of 80; blood pressure 100/60. The abdomen was soft, the liver and spleen not enlarged. Pasternak symptom was negative. The uterus was soft, painless and enlarged to 9 weeks of pregnancy. The uterine cervix was clean, the orifice closed. Discharge was profuse and bloody. The diagnosis was that she was 9 weeks pregnant and had a missed criminal abortion. Scraping out the uterus and corresponding therapy to control bleeding were ineffective. An operation was performed--extirpation of the uterus. However, despite the steps taken, the bleeding did not stop, and the patient's condition continued to worsen. 10 hours after being admitted to the hospital, she died. During forensic investigation, diffused, violet-colored cadaverous spots were discovered. Extensive subcutaneous hemorrhage was detected around the areas of injection. The skin covering was edematous; when pressed with a finger, areas of depression remained. There was about 250 ml of watery blood in the abdominal cavity. Internal organs were anemic. There were multiple subpleural, subepicardial, subcapsular, intraorgan and intramuscular micro- and macro-punctate hemorrhages; bleeding into the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary tracts; and cerebral and pulmonary edema. Forensic histological examination showed acute circulatory disturbance with perivascular and peridiapedetic hemorrhage; concentrations of aggregated and hemolyzed erythrocytes in the small vessels and capillaries; cerebral, pulmonary and stromatic edema. In the kidneys there was coaugmentation of renal glomeruli; epithelial necrosis of part of the coiled ducts; lower epithelium in places had pigment grains; primarily in openings of straight ducts there were pigment cylinders; extreme plethora of the surrounding area, and infiltration from annular cells and polynuclears. Forensic chemical analysis showed 12.8 mg of copper; 6.6 mg in the uterus and 5.6 mg in the kidneys. From data obtained it can be concluded that the patient died from cupric compound poisoning, complicated by interruption of the pregnancy and uterine hemolytic hemorrhage. It was later established that during the month before being admitted to the hospital the patient introduced a solution of blue vitriol into the uterine cavity to interrupt the pregnancy.
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PMID:[Fatal poisoning with blue vitriol]. 663 45

Circular muscle strips of rat uterus were obtained in the morning on Days 21 and 22 of pregnancy, and on the first postpartum day. Changes in the effects of noradrenaline and isoprenaline due to pregnant stage and incubation period in vitro were investigated, taking the contractile response and membrane activity as indicators. Plateau potential was dominant in Day 21 and postpartum preparations, and spike potential on Day 22. Noradrenaline (3 X 10(-7), 10(-6) M) caused excitation in Day 21 and postpartum preparations, whereas it caused inhibition in Day 22 preparations during early exposure to Krebs solution. When contractile potentiation was caused, plateau potential was prolonged, and when contractile depression was caused the plateau potential was suppressed. By incubation in vitro with Krebs solution, a transformation of the effect of noradrenaline from excitation to inhibition was caused in Day 21 preparations, and from strong to weak inhibition in Day 22 preparations. Isoprenaline of 3 X 10(-10) M concentration markedly depressed the contractile response in Day 22 preparations, whereas 10(-8) M isoprenaline was not enough to suppress the spontaneous contractions in postpartum preparations.
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PMID:Changes in the adrenergic effects and membrane activity of the circular muscle of rat uterus during late pregnancy and postpartum. 672 67

Climacteric symptoms in 120 women were treated with a total of 469 hormone implants (oestradiol 50 mg and testosterone 100 mg) over a period of four years. All patients with a uterus were given an oral progestogen to prevent endometrial hyperplasia. There was a marked response to treatment, hot flushes being improved in all patients, depression in 99% and loss of libido in 92%. Patient acceptability of this type of treatment was good and there were few side effects or complications. After therapy, the serum oestradiol exceeded the serum oestrone but remained within normal limits. When climacteric symptoms returned and re-implantation occurred the serum levels of oestrone, oestradiol, luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were within the normal range for the reproductive age. This indicates that the return of symptoms is due to a change in the hormone levels rather than absolute hypo- oestrogenism .
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PMID:The effects of subcutaneous hormone implants during climacteric. 672 91

16 alpha-[77Br]Bromoestradiol-17 beta (Compound 1) has been synthesized by radiobromination of estrone enoldiacetate. Tissue uptake studies performed 1 hr after administration of Compound 1 to immature or mature female rats showed uterus-to-blood ratios of 13, with nontarget issue-to-blood ratios ranging from 0.6 to 2. Co-administration of unlabelled estradiol caused a selective depression in the uterine uptake with no effect on nontarget tissue uptake. In adult animals bearing adenocarcinomas induced by DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene), tumor-to-blood ratios of 6.3 were obtained, this uptake also being depressed in animals treated with unlabeled estradiol. The studies demonstrate that Compound 1 has suitable binding properties and sufficiently high specific activity so that its uptake in estrogen target tissues in vivo is mediated primarily by the estrogen receptor. Furthermore, they suggest that this compound may be suitable for imaging human breast tumors that contain estrogen receptors.
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PMID:16 alpha-[77Br]bromoestradiol-17 beta: a high specific-activity, gamma-emitting tracer with uptake in rat uterus and uterus and induced mammary tumors. 677 76

Female macaque monkeys self-administered high doses of alcohol (2.9 to 4.4 grams per kilogram per day) for 3 to 6 1/2 months. Amenorrhea, atrophy of the uterus, decreased ovarian mass, and significant depression of luteinizing hormone levels were associated with chronic alcohol intoxication. Reproductive system failure in female primates following self-induced dependence on alcohol parallels the results of clinical studies of alcoholic women.
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PMID:Alcohol self-administration disrupts reproductive function in female macaque monkeys. 686 39


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