Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a rare but potentially treatable form of dementia. Shunting will improve functioning in 40% to 50% of patients. 2. The classic symptoms of NPH are dementia characterized by mild memory impairment and apathy, ataxic gait, and urinary hesitancy or incontinence. 3. The patient with NPH may present with psychiatric symptoms of depression, paranoia, visual hallucinations, irrational hostility, and aggression or mania. 4. Patients with NPH are indifferent about activities of daily living and personal safety and require close supervision.
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PMID:Normal pressure hydrocephalus. A potentially reversible form of dementia. 161 84

This is a preliminary investigation into a recently defined urological disorder occurring in a subgroup of women with "urethral syndrome" suggestive of pelvic floor muscular (PFM) dysfunction. Symptoms include straining to void, urgency, frequency, hesitation, incontinence and/or retention, and subpubic pain. Finding neither bladder nor urological abnormalities, urologists may consider these women emotionally unstable without organic cause for their symptoms. However, their distress may be a consequence rather than a cause of their voiding problems. Sixteen female urological patients were matched with 16 asymptomatic controls to investigate PFM functioning, psychological status, and symptomatology. Results showed heterogeneity of symptomatology and little elevation of depression or anxiety when comparing patients with controls. Hypotheses of muscular abnormality were confirmed. Patients evidence poor control over testing and relaxing PFM, elevations of PFM activity under various conditions, and chronic pain as a prominent symptom. Treatment approaches specifically designed to address PFM dysfunction are discussed.
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PMID:A psychophysiological evaluation of female urethral syndrome: evidence for a muscular abnormality. 162 41

We report an autopsy case of a 73 year-old female with idiopathic parkinsonism, characterized pathologically by the wide spread appearance of Lewy bodies (LBs) not only in the pigmented neurons in the midbrain and brainstem but also in the cerebral cortex. Initial symptoms at the age of 62 were finger tremor and gait disturbance, which were followed mainly by mental deterioration, such as regression, dependency, auditory hallucination, depression, emotional incontinence, and a personality change. In the terminal stage, nuchal stiffness in extension, one of the hallmarks of progressive supranuclear palsy, and slow and generalized tremor in all 4 extremities were noted. She died of aspiration pneumonia. The brain was somewhat small and weighed 1100 g after the fixation by formalin. Macroscopical findings included mild cerebral atrophy with mild pial thickening both in the frontal and temporal lobes and slight expansion of the ventricular system. Histopathologically, severe loss of neuronal cells in both the pallidum and Luy's body and moderate loss of large cells in the putamen were noted in addition to the typical findings of Parkinson's disease in the substantia nigra and locus caeruleus including neuronal cell loss, depigmentation, and gliosis. These findings in the basal ganglia were more conspicuous than the two controls of classical Parkinson's disease. The distribution, stainability in the routine methods of staining, and shape of Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex conformed to those of previous reports. The similar case reports in the literatures do not seem to have paid much attention to the findings of the basal ganglia observed in our case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[An autopsy case of idiopathic parkinsonism with numerous Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex--diffuse Lewy body disease]. 165 48

Sixty-three women with clinical and urodynamic evidence of stress incontinence were evaluated before and after incontinence surgery for symptoms of depression, nervousness, tension, sleep disturbances, decreased appetite, somatic weakness and headaches. Women treated successfully with surgery demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in their subjective psychologic status (P less than .05). Unsuccessful treatment, however, was not associated with a significant change in or deterioration of their symptoms. All the symptoms were evaluated individually to ascertain the specific effects of treatment. Sleep disturbances were significantly improved with successful treatment and worsened with unsuccessful treatment (P less than .05). Tension was significantly improved with successful therapy (P less than .05) but was unchanged if surgery was unsuccessful. Depression became worse with subjectively unsuccessful surgery. Headaches and appetite were not affected by the therapeutic outcome. Therapy can be instrumental in affecting the psychologic status of women with stress incontinence. If the psychologic disability continues after therapy and/or treatment is unsuccessful, a referral for psychologic evaluation should be considered.
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PMID:Stress incontinence in women. Psychological status before and after treatment. 181 93

Studies based on random samples of adult deaths in 1969 and 1987 show that, although more people in the recent study were living alone in the year before they die (32 per cent compared with 15 per cent in the earlier study), there had also been an increase in the proportions living in institutions and being admitted to hospital in the 12 months before their death. More of those dying in 1987 than in 1969 had had a home help, whereas the proportion receiving care from district nurses was similar for the two studies and the amount of home visiting by general practitioners had fallen. A higher proportion of those dying of cancer in 1987 than in 1969 were thought to have known that they were dying (44 per cent against 16 per cent) and that they had cancer (73 per cent compared with 29 per cent). However, the proportion of relatives and others who thought the dying person's awareness, or lack of awareness, of the prognosis was 'best as it was' was lower for people dying of cancer in the more recent study (57 per cent against 69 per cent). The symptoms reported for those dying in 1969 and 1987 were generally similar but more of those who died in 1987 had suffered from mental confusion, depression and incontinence for a year or more. This reflects the increased age at which people were dying in the later study: longer life was sometimes associated with the prolongation of unpleasant symptoms.
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PMID:Changes in life and care in the year before death 1969-1987. 185 28

The correlation between clinical and tonometric incontinence is frequently poor, with urethral profile results that do not correspond to clinical reality. Among potential causal factors, we have attempted to determine the importance of the absorption of kinetic energy from the mass of urine driven against the urethral captor (the hydraulic ram effect). Twenty patients (average age 50 +/- 10 years, para 2) suffering from genuine stress urinary incontinence, underwent urodynamic investigation with a constant air-flow pneumatic catheter equipped with two captors separated by an inflatable cuff located just above the urethral captor to block the inrush of urine into the urethra. After cystometric examination had excluded an unstable bladder, two urethral profiles were registered successively, first with cuff deflated, and then with cuff inflated. The values for urethral functional length (FL) and transmission factor (TF) show no significant changes. The values for the maximal urethral closing pressure (MUCP) were significantly lower in the second profile (cuff inflated) in 18 of 20 cases (average decrease 7 cm H2O), which corresponds to 14 percent of the average MUCP measured during the first profile (cuff deflated). The depression quotient increased from an average 0.80 to 1.05 from first to second profile. This study allows quantification of the urethral "hydraulic ram effect" which modifies determination of the MUCP during registration of urinary stress profile.
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PMID:Effect of occluding the urethra while recording urethral stress profile. 187 34

The efficacy and tolerance of a high-dose treatment with trospium chloride (20 mg twice daily) were investigated in pilot studies carried out in three trial centres and involving a total of 29 patients suffering from reflex bladder due to transverse lesions of the spinal cord with paraplegia. In all three centres the trial procedure was the same. Urodynamic measurements (maximum bladder capacity, bladder compliance, maximum detrusor pressure during micturition, urinary flow and residual urine) were taken both before and after treatment with trospium chloride for a period of at least 2 weeks. In almost all patients there was a clear rise in maximum bladder capacity, a marked decrease in maximum detrusor pressure and an increase in bladder compliance. As a result the frequency of micturitions was lowered. In the majority of patients, urinary incontinence caused by detrusor hyperreflexia was brought under control through depression of detrusor activity, and urinary continence was achieved. If necessary, intermittent catheterization was continued to empty the bladder. Tolerance of the test preparation was good, and side-effects were rare and mild.
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PMID:[High-dose trospium chloride in therapy of detrusor hyperreflexia]. 192 74

Within the health care of the elderly with prevention, diagnosis, therapy, rehabilitation, nursing care and social service, diagnostic procedures are of great importance to avoid under- and over-diagnosis. Many diagnostic difficulties exist in elderly patients such as changed reference values, changed normal values and changed signs and symptoms. Well-known examples of conditions which are likely to be under-diagnosed include depression and urinary incontinence. Examples are given from the cardiopulmonary field where e.g. dyspnoea showed to be very common, but in only 36% of males and 52% in females related to cardiac failure or pulmonary disease. The most common symptom of acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients was shown to be dyspnoea, whereas chest pain occurred in only one fifth of the cases. In another study of patients with ulcer disease loss of appetite and weight, nausea and anemia were more common than abdominal pain and heartburn. In peritonitis patients, abdominal pain was observed in only just more than half of the cases and guarding and/or abdominal rigidity in about one third. In patients with suspect age dementia a detailed investigation showed the prevalence of organic dementia to be 89% whereas 3% had treatable dementia and 8% non-dementia conditions. In geriatric long-term patients the mean hearing loss in the speech area was about 50 dB, in spite of the fact that only about 10% of the patients had hearing aids. The need for nursing diagnosis is also obvious. It is concluded that a detailed multidisciplinary diagnostic investigation procedure is very important in geriatric medicine.
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PMID:The importance of diagnostic procedures to ensure quality of health care in geriatric medicine. Examples from recent studies. 198 60

Mortality occurs at older ages in our growing and salubrious population. At present, fewer than 20% of all deaths, in Sweden, occur before age 65 with 18% of the Swedish population 65 and over. In the United States, 24% of deaths occur before age 65 with only 12% of the population age 65 and over. All countries in the developed world will have approximately 20% of their populations age 65 and over by about 2020. At that time, the percentage of deaths occurring prior to age 65 should range from 14%-16%. Thus future gains in morbidity and mortality will be influenced, to a lesser extent, by events prior to age 65 and prevention and health promotion strategies post age 65 become increasingly important. Active life expectancy, a developing concept, refers to the years lived in good health with no functional limitations. The period after active life expectancy consists of years of compromised health and well being. At present, each year gained of active life expectancy incurs almost four years of compromised health. A group of age-dependent nonfatal conditions are largely responsible for increased prevalence of social and physical deficits with age. These include dementia, osteoarthritis, diminished hearing and visual acuity, incontinence, depression, widowhood, isolation and institutionalization. Age-specific incidence of most of these conditions is unknown. There is little evidence, however, that adding years to life has postponed their age at onset. For these conditions, postponement is the major mechanism of prevention. We are attempting to construct time trends concerning the age-specific incidence and the ability to postpone age-dependent conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Mortality postponed and the unmasking of age-dependent non-fatal conditions. 209 67

The authors analyse the anatomic character and the functional consequences of the posterior depression-separation in ankle fractures. The posterior depression fracture was present in 20 per cent of the ankle fractures of the studied series. The major depression was noticed 1 by 3. The lesion justified a specific operation. Its presence had also to be searched in rotation fractures treated conservatively, when the lateral malleolus was uncorrectly reduced. These two situations unnoticed or neglected create an incontinence of the talus leading to a triple desaxation, even if it does not appear on usual x-ray views. Tomographic sagittal x-ray views are on that score an important contribution to the diagnostic. Ankles showing such a residual defect deteriorated to an early articular narrowing during the first 6 months and to arthrosis during the first or second year.
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PMID:[Posterior depression-separation fracture in bimalleolar fractures]. 215 78


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