Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors administered lithium carbonate, 900 mg/day, in an open study to seven patients with a major unipolar depression refractory to 3-week treatment with iprindole, 90 mg/day, a tricyclic antidepressant devoid of any action on monoaminergic reuptake. All patients showed clinically significant improvement within 48 hours. Since iprindole induces in the animal a sensitization of forebrain neurons to serotonin (5-HT), as do other tricyclic antidepressants, and lithium enhances the activity of 5-HT neurons, the authors propose that an enhanced release of 5-HT on sensitized target neurons might underlie the rapid antidepressant effect in tricyclic-refractory depression when lithium is added to the treatment regimen.
 ...
PMID:Rapid response to the addition of lithium in iprindole-resistant unipolar depression: a pilot study. 391 68

A dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and a thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test (TRHST) were given to 100 affectively ill inpatients with a mean age of 54.8 years and 16 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Of the affectively ill patients, 54 had primary major depressive disorders. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 41% and 100% for DST; 44% and 88% for blunted TRHST; and 24% and 94% for augmented TRHST. The combined sensitivity for all three responses was 87%. DST nonsuppression discriminated between major and minor depression and between unipolar endogenous and unipolar nonendogenous subtypes. However, it failed to discriminate among primary depression, depression secondary to serious medical illness, or organic brain syndrome with depression. A blunted TRHST response was significant only for unipolar major depressives. Augmented TRHST response was significant only for bipolar depressives, suggesting that the TRHST may discriminate bipolar from unipolar depression.
 ...
PMID:Use of biologic markers in a general hospital affective disorders program. 392 59

Depressive illnesses are subdivided into endogenous and nonendogenous types in psychiatry throughout the world. We used one method of validating this nosologic subdivision: the determination of the extent to which the disorder is familial. Rates of depression were examined in 2,942 first-degree relatives of 566 individuals diagnosed as having unipolar major depressive disorder. Because no single definition of endogenous depression is universally accepted, four different methods for defining endogenous depression were compared: the Newcastle Scale, the Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, and the definition of "autonomous depression" proposed by investigators at Yale University (New Haven, Conn). In general, no matter which definition was used, the relatives of the patients with endogenous illness did not have higher rates of depressive illness than those of the nonendogenous group. The Newcastle Scale was the most sensitive in picking up familial transmission of recurrent unipolar depression. The results of this investigation suggest that longitudinal approaches should be added to cross-sectional approaches for the best definition of endogenous depression.
 ...
PMID:The validation of the concept of endogenous depression. A family study approach. 395 44

Removal of the main olfactory bulbs in rats has been shown to alter neuronal function in brain areas involved in emotional regulation and homeostasis. These neuronal alterations result in maladaptive behavioral patterns and elevated plasma corticosterone that are suggestive of the symptom profile of patients with primary unipolar depression. Moreover, the endocrine and behavioral deficits of bulbectomized rats are reversed by the chronic administration of drugs that reverse the symptoms of depression in people when given chronically. However, the therapeutic improvements seen in patients with depression are not directly due to molecules of the antidepressant drug but rather to some relatively long-lasting compensatory change induced in the neuronal substrate by the drug. The present research demonstrates that the reversal of the olfactory bulb lesion deficits following chronic antidepressant drug administration in rats is not due to molecules of the drug per se but rather to some drug-induced change in the neuronal substrate that continues for at least 5 days after the last dose of drug. These endocrine, behavioral, and pharmacological similarities suggest that the study of rats with olfactory bulb ablation may make significant contributions to the understanding of the neuroscience of primary unipolar depression in humans.
 ...
PMID:Effects of antidepressant drugs on the behavior of olfactory bulbectomized and sham-operated rats. 396 27

Eighty-two patients, who were treated for post partum illness between 1946 and 1971, were identified and followed up. Diagnostically, the sample comprised unipolar depression (52%), bipolar disorder (18%), schizophrenia (16%), abnormal personality with depression (8%), organic disorder (2%), and obsessional state with depression and paranoid disorder (1% each). The overall prognosis was good, except for schizophrenia, in which more than 50% of patients had chronic disability. Further childbirth intensified, and caused deterioration of, the underlying schizophrenia process. Following an initial illness in the puerperium, the probability of a recurrent affective illness was 43% for unipolar and 66% for bipolar disorder. The risk of developing another post partum illness varied from 1 in 3 to 1 in 5 pregnancies. Five percent of the sample ultimately committed suicide, and the probable incidence of infanticide was 4%.
 ...
PMID:A follow-up study of post partum illness, 1946-1978. 401 5

Rates, demographic correlates, and differential symptomatic expression as a function of gender of affective disorders and depression as measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were examined in 298 paid adult volunteers selected by the random digit dialing method. According to the DIS, 7.7% were diagnosed as current affective disorder, 6% as current primary unipolar depression, 23.5% as lifetime affective disorder, and 19.5% as lifetime primary unipolar depression. According to the BDI, 19.8% scored depressed: 10.7% as mildly, 5.0% moderately, and 4.0% severely depressed, respectively. Of 11 demographic variables whose relation to DIS diagnoses were examined in a multivariate context, only occupation was correlated significantly with current primary unipolar depression. Of the same variables whose relation to BDI score was examined, education and race were correlated significantly with BDI score. There was no evidence of differential symptomatic expression as a function of gender as measured by lifetime diagnosis of primary unipolar depression on the DIS.
 ...
PMID:Affective disorders and depression as measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the Beck Depression Inventory in an unselected adult population. 403 Oct 85

Patterns of attachment were examined in normal and depressed mothers. Mother's diagnosis (bipolar, major unipolar, or minor depression, or no psychiatric disorder), self-reported current mood states, and affective behavior in interaction with the child were considered. A modified version of Ainsworth and Wittig's Strange Situation was used to assess attachment. Insecure (A, C, and A/C patterns) attachments were more common among children of mothers with a major depression (bipolar or unipolar) than among children of mothers with minor depression or among children of normal mothers. Insecure attachment was more frequent in children of mothers with bipolar depression than in children of mothers with unipolar depression. A/C attachments were associated with histories of most severe depression in the mother. In families in which mothers were depressed, depression in the father did not increase the likelihood of anxious attachment between mother and child. However, if mothers with a major affective disorder were without a husband in the household, risk of an insecure mother-child attachment was significantly increased. The mothers' expressed emotions (positive vs. negative) in interaction with their children in situations other than the Strange Situation, and independent of diagnosis, predicted patterns of attachment: mothers of insecurely attached children expressed more negative and less positive emotion. Mothers' self-reports of moods on the days they were observed were unrelated to attachment. Results are discussed in terms of the transmission of social and emotional disorders in relation to mothers' affective functioning.
 ...
PMID:Patterns of attachment in two- and three-year-olds in normal families and families with parental depression. 404 51

Specific activities of erythrocyte membrane Na-K ATP-ase, Mg ATP-ase and Ca-Mg ATP-ase were measured in twenty-five patients with endogenous depression both during acute phase of the illness and in remission as well as in sixteen healthy subjects. The three ATP-ase activities were significantly lower during depressive phase than in remission period. The ATP-ase values of depressive patients in remission did not differ from those of healthy controls. No difference was found in respect to parameters studied between the group of patients with depression in the course of bipolar manic-depressive psychosis and patients with unipolar depression both in depression and remission. These data may suggest that the reduced activity of ATPases in depressed patients is not due to a primary genetic defect but is an episodic change associated with depression. In view of consistency of this phenomenon its diagnostic and research potential is worthy of further study.
 ...
PMID:Erythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatase activities in patients with endogenous depression and healthy subjects. 611 58

Alprazolam is a triazolobenzodiazepine which is related to diazepam and other 1,4-benzodiazepines, and has a similar pharmacological profile. Relative to the newer benzodiazepines, alprazolam has an intermediate half-life of 10 to 12 hours in healthy young subjects. In placebo-controlled and double-blind comparative trials in patients with anxiety, alprazolam was of comparable efficacy to diazepam and generally caused a lower incidence of drowsiness. Alprazolam has antidepressant activity and has been shown to be similar in efficacy to imipramine in the treatment of unipolar depression. Thus, alprazolam may be particularly useful in patients with mixed anxiety/depression. However, its general acceptance as an antidepressant awaits further studies.
 ...
PMID:Alprazolam: a review of its pharmacodynamic properties and efficacy in the treatment of anxiety and depression. 614 30

Outcome at discharge and during a follow-up averaging 5 years clearly distinguished 116 panic disorder inpatients from 123 age- and sex-matched inpatient controls with primary unipolar depression - 60.2% of the primary depression patients recovered at some time during follow-up compared to only 15.5% of the panic disorder patients. Differences in recovery rates grew larger with increasing follow-up length and were undiminished by the exclusion of patients who received antidepressants or convulsive therapy. Furthermore, these two groups had no predictors of outcome in common. These findings accord with other family and follow-up studies in support of a clear separation between panic disorder and primary depression.
 ...
PMID:Panic disorder and primary unipolar depression. A comparison of background and outcome. 622 63


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10