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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper summarizes a series of controlled studies into the relationship of life events to depression and to suicide attempts. Life events, particularly exit events and events regarded as undesirable, tend to cluster prior to onset of depression. These findings are supported by comparisons with general population controls, depressives after recovery, other patient groups, and by studies of relapse. Interactions with predisposing and biological causes are probably of great importance. Suicide attempters are a rather different patient group and they experience a particularly striking accumulation of threatening events. There is a marked peaking of events in the month before the attempt, suggesting a crisis response and the potential relevance of crisis intervention techniques.
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PMID:Life stress, depression and attempted suicide. 79 14

Information was obtained from 95 incarcerated female prisoners on their history of violence, on their feelings of depression, their suicide attempts, and on their history of loss of parents. The data revealed that the loss of father before the age of 10 years was more highly correlated with signs of depression in these women prisoners than was loss of mother. Women who reported at least one suicide attempt in the past were significantly more depressed on the self-report measure of depression than the other women, and were more likely to be judged as violent on the basis of several independent indices. The results support the hypothesis that violence toward others and suicidal behavior are part of the same phenomenon of impairment in control mechanisms.
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PMID:Parental loss, depression and violence. III. Epidemiological studies of female prisoners. 85 75

With the aid of an instrument constructed by the author especially for the purpose, this study examined the suicidal behavior of a representative sample of the normal population (3086 subjects). The results make it possible to describe a suicidal-depressive personality along the dimensions of its basic elements, its accompanying phenomena and consequences, and finally the genetic aspects of depression. The main elements of both the suicide attempt and the suicidal tendency are identical, although they are more intense and clearcut in the suicide attempt. Another noteworthy result of this study is the frequency data: the suicide tendency was found in 15 to 35% of the cases, according to the various sub-groups; and the suicide attempt in 2.5-13%. These percentages lie far above the currently known estimations.
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PMID:[The field of suicide. Empirico-statistical study on 3086 examined persons of both sexes and from 2 cultural spheres]. 90 93

Novonal, a hypnotic dispensed without medical prescription in West Germany, has in the past two years been used relatively often in suicide attempts. It is quickly absorbed after oral intake, with a blood half-life of 6-11 hours, most of it being excreted by the kidneys after metabolic degradation. Analysis of 23 cases of Novonal intoxication revealed that cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension and respiratory depression may occur with 6 g Novonal (contained in a pocket of 20 tablets) and must thus be rated as potentially lethal. In severe cases of poisoning haemoperfusion or haemodialysis may be useful. Pharmacological data suggest that forced diuresis is ineffective.
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PMID:[Novonal (diaethylallylacetamide) poisoning (author's transl)]. 92 33

The present study investigated demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric patients in relation to the two criterion variables of length of hospitalization and readmission within 3 months of discharge. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified five variables as the optimal set of predictors for length of hospitalization: age, history of commitment, number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations, recent employment history, and past history of suicidal behavior (R = .451). Regression analysis also identified six variables as the optimal set of predictors for readmission within 3 months of discharge: type of discharge, number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations, race, suicide attempt within 1 month prior to admission, subjective report of depression upon admission, and occupational level (R = .452). Implications of the findings for identifying short-term treatment candidates and factors related to readmission are discussed.
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PMID:Demographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of length of hospitalization and readmission. 92 65

This paper reports on the clinical status, help-seeking and subsequent treatment experiences of 150 women one year after they had completed out-patient maintenance treatment by amitriptyline and/or psychotherapy for a depressive episode. While the majority of patients were asymptomatic at follow-up, a substantial minority had a return of acute symptoms and 2 per cent made minor suicide attempts during the year. Admission to hospital was rare. However, only 30 per cent of the patients did not seek any treatment during the year and the majority received some psychotropic medication. The findings support the long-term need for prompt access to treatment by patients who have recovered from an acute depression.
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PMID:Help-seeking in depressed out-patients following maintenance therapy. 96 62

One hundred patients admitted consecutively to an inpatient psychiatric unit were given questionnaires to measure risk-taking propensity and depression. The purpose was to study the relationship between risk-taking, depression, and recent suicide attempts. It was found that depressed patients showed a bimodal clustering towards the extremes of risk-taking. There was a history of suicide attempts only when a certain threshold of risk-taking was exceeded. These findings are discussed with relation to defensive styles of psychological adaptation and to arousal thresholds.
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PMID:Risk-taking propensity, depression and parasuicide. 107 Oct 6

Forty-nine out of 60 persons who committed suicide had been under the care of 71 physicians within 6 months or less before committing suicide. Over two thirds of the patients had histories of suicide attempts or threats. These histories were known to only two fifths of the physicians responsible for their care, despite the information being readily available from other sources. There was substantial evidence of depressive illness in three quarters of the patients, yet the diagnosis was rarely made except by psychiatrists, and therefore the depression was rarely treated. Although a few patients had been recognized as representing suicidal risk, the great majority had not. The failure to diagnose and to treat depressive illness and the failure to be informed about the risk factors in these cases represent missed opportunities for preventive intervention.
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PMID:The physician's responsibility for suicide. II. Errors of omission. 111 63

Life events experienced in the six months before a suicide attempt were compared with events for two matched control groups. Suicide attempters reported four times as many events as were reported by subjects from the general population and 11/2 times as many as were reported by depressed patients prior to depressive onset. A substantial peaking of events occurred in the month before the attempt. The excess over general population controls spanned most types of event. That over depressive onset was more selective, and it involved events with threatening implications, including undesirable events, those rated as stressful, and those outside the respondent's control. Unlike depression, suicide attempts were preceded equally by entrances and exits in the social field. Overall, the findings indicate a strong and immediate relationship between suicide attempts and life events.
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PMID:Suicide attempts and recent life events. A controlled comparison. 111 73

The characteristics of 64 suicides with a retrospective diagnosis of depression and 128 depressives referred for psychiatric treatment were compared. The following items differentiated the suicide group: male sex, older age in females, single status, living alone, the symptoms of insomnia, impaired memory and self neglect, and a history of suicide attempts. The value of these items in assessing suicide risk in depressive illness is discussed.
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PMID:Depression followed by suicide: a comparison of depressed suicides with living depressives. 111 31


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