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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bromcarbamide-containing sleeping pills are frequently used in suicide attempts and cause severe, often fatal, intoxication. Since 1975, the chemically related drug diethylpentenamide had been available (in the German Federal Republic) without prescription. The authors report four cases of attempted suicide with the drug. The signs were similar to those after carbromal intoxication. There was severe respiratory depression, successfully treated by extracorporeal detoxication with combined haemoperfusion and haemodialysis. One patient developed acute pancreatitis as a complication.
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PMID:[Diethylpentenamide, a substitute for carbromal? (author's transl)]. 2 46

Dextropropoxyphene (DP) is a commonly used medicament for suicide attempts in Denmark. Death may occur from respiratory depression or cardiac arrest. Mechanical hyperventilation which induces hypocapnia seems to reduce the occurrence of cardiac complications. In an attempt to relate the clinical events to the plasma concentrations of DP and the major metabolite norpropoxyphene (NP) we studied patients with acute poisoning treated either for 48 h with induced hypocapnia by hyperventilation or under a conservative regime. Hypocapnia was found to lead to a significant increase in the plasma half-life of DP. Under conservative treatment the plasma half-life was 17.9 +/- 6.7 (S.D.) h (n = 6), while under induced hypocapnia the mean of values from 5 patients was 30.5 +/- 6.9 (S.D.) h. Maximum serum levels of DP and NP were, however, significantly higher in the intensively treated patients (n = 7) than in those treated conservatively (n = 9), though less marked for NP compared to DP (DP: 4.9 +/- 2.1/2.4 +/- 1.0 mumol/l, NP: 6.3 +/- 2.4/4.1 +/- 1.7 mumol/l). A concentration dependent renal clearance of NP was not demonstrable. Possible explanations are the following: 1) A change in disposition pattern blood/tissue of DP during hypocapnia. 2) A reduced metabolism DP to NP during hypocapnia. 3) A reduction in other routes of elimination.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of dextropropoxyphene in acute poisoning. 27 28

This study tests three hypotheses relating to suicidal behavior among urban black males: that black consciousness and group cohesiveness will be lower and depression will be higher. Inner-city, young adult black males with a suicide attempt in the last 6 months, and matched controls were examined. Hypothesis was one supported; the other two received partial support. The validity of the theory of black self-hatred as the basic cause of suicidal behavior among blacks is questioned. Atwo-factor theory of suicide, focusing on forces moving the person away from suicide toward positive subgroup ties, is proposed.
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PMID:Some sociopsychological factors in attempted suicide among urban black males. 48 54

Of the 241 lithium clinic patients at the New York State Psychiatric Institute with bipolar I affective disorder, 38 (15.7%) had never been hospitalized or somatically treated for depression. These "unipolar manic" patients had a significantly lower incidence of rapid cycling and suicide attempts than other bipolar I patients. No differences were found, however, in risk of illness in first-degree relatives. Lithium was an effective prophylactic agent in these patients. Some patients originally classified as "unipolar manic" were found to have depressive episodes with additional information and clinical observation. "Unipolar mania" appears to be a subgroup of bipolar I illness, but there are no data to support the hypothesis that it is a separate entity.
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PMID:Unipolar mania: a distinct clinical entity? 49 94

The recent creation of a psychiatric unit in the hospital Broussais gives rise to reflection on what, according to the authors, could constitute the originality of such a treatment unit. It should not be used to satisfy all the requests for psychiatric care within the hospital itself, nor act in parallel with the specialized psychiatric departments established as such in psychiatric or general hospitals. The presence, however, of a group of psychiatrists working as a team in a general hospital, and having several beds for their own autonomous use, should enable the first approach to be made, under the best conditions, to pathological disorders produced by psychological disturbances which are not immediately recognized by the patient: somatic manifestations of anxiety or depression, psychosomatic disorders, behavioural problems such as alcoholism, or even suicide attempts. This clinical function cannot be dissociated from the daily therapeutic approach of the health team or from the conception of medical psychology training based on the true needs of general practitioners. It is also the starting point for a close collaboration with physicians and basic scientists in the field of medical research.
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PMID:[Specificity of function of a psychiatric unit in a general hospital (author's transl)]. 49 37

Depressive syndromes are common disorders. They can be severely disabling and, too often, may lead to suicide. Pharmacological attempts to relieve depression have a long history. However, it was the development of monoaminooxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants which first provided truly effective antidepressants for medical use. Antidepressants, coupled with supportive therapy can usually accelerate improvement, diminish the intensity of symptoms and reduce the danger of suicide. The lithium salts lead to a better prognosis of many patients suffering from psychotic depression and promote social adjustment and occupational rehabilitation. Especially the tricyclic antidepressants are anything but ideal. They are slow-acting, have side effects, can cause fatal overdoses, and do not help every patient. In the course of an ideal antidepressant therapy a more immediate onset of drug action could decrease the risk of suicide and diminish the severe life disruptions that long illnesses can cause. Less toxic medications could also decrease their utilization for suicide attempts.
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PMID:[Psychotic depression: therapy, prevention, side effects, patient information and prognosis]. 49 65

This paper discusses the magnitude of the effect of life events in the causation of psychiatric illness. It is argued that an established epidemiological concept, relative risk, provides a useful measure of association which can be approximately adapted for retrospective controlled studies. Examination of studies employing general population controls consistently indicates effects of some importance, with risks of illness increased by factors of between 2 and 7 in the 6 months after an event. Risks are greater for the more stressful types of events, greater for depression and neuroses than schizophrenia, and even greater for suicide attempts. However, similar events occur commonly and a large proportion of event occurrences are not followed by illness. Events must interact with a wide variety of background factors, and the appropriate model is one of multifactorial causation.
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PMID:Contribution of life events to causation of psychiatric illness. 65 98

In a follow-up study of 150 women who had undergone treatment on an outpatient basis for acute depression, it was found that the most important predictor of their long-term clinical outcome (8, 20, and 48 months after the acute episode) was personality as measured by the Neuroticism Scale of the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI-N). Age, race, social class, marital status, religion, number of previous depressions or suicide attempts, diagnosis, history of early deaths of or separations from significant others, history of neurotic traits as a child, amount and type of stress in the 6 months before onset, and severity and pattern of pretreatment symptoms were not predictive of outcome.
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PMID:Personality and the prediction of long-term outcome of depression. 66 90

Follows up an earlier investigation in which demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric patients were used to predict readmission within 3 months of discharge. In the initial study, stepwise multiple regression analysis identified six variables as the optimal set of predictors for readmission within 3 months of discharge: type of discharge, number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations, race, suicide attempt within 1 month of admission, subjective report of depression upon admission, and occupational level (R = .452). In the present study the same sample was followed up at 1 year after discharge, and demographic and clinical variables were used to predict readmission within 1 year of discharge. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified three variables as the optimal set of predictors for readmission within 1 year of discharge: past history of suicidal behavior, subjective report of depression upon admission, and number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations. Changes in predictors as a function of length of follow-up period are considered, and implications of the findings for identifying high-risk readmission candidates are discussed.
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PMID:Demographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of readmission: a one-year follow-up. 71 70

This paper examines the relationship between drug abuse and suicide. It attempts to assess the extent of suicidal thoughts or behaviors among a group of drug abusers. The research examines variables related to self-destructive or self-endangering behaviors, such as accidental overdoses, arrests for driving under the influence, and auto accidents in which the subject was the driver. These data were examined in relation to reports of suicidal thoughts and actual suicide attempts. The results indicate a suicide attempt rate at least 12 times greater than expected for the general population. The results also indicate significant correlations between suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts, suicidal thoughts and nonsuicidal overdoses, and arrests for driving under the influece of drugs or alcohol and nonsuicidal overdoses. The implications of these results along with the role of depression as discussed.
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PMID:Drug abuse and suicide. 75 87


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