Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Earliest endoscopic appearance and its subsequent changes were studied in 41 cases of early gastric carcinoma where gastrocamera photographs were available for detailed analysis over the period from three months up to 10 years. The earliest appearance of polypoid carcinoma was a small area of nodularity, and that of carcinoma with mucosal depression was patchy reddening. Both types of carcinoma were thought to occur initially as a lesion without mucosal elevation or depression (IIb). In carcinoma with shallow mucosal depression (IIc and IIc-+III), there were cases believed to have remained intramucosal for an extremely long period of several years, whereas, in polypoid carcinoma (IIa and I), the growth seemed to be more rapid. In the cases with ulcer within the carcinomatous lesion, healing of the ulcer was confirmed in 37%, and "malignant cycles" were observed in 21%. Malignant transformation of gastric ulcer was suggested in one case with linear ulcer.
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PMID:Endoscopic analysis on the growth of early gastric carcinoma. 44 90

It would seem that a gastric ulcer is the product of an interaction between chronic gastritis, the acid (and pepsin) of the gastric juice, and one or more precipitating factors. In a group of 194 consecutive patients with gastric ulceration particular note was made of whether they smoked, drank alcohol, used salicylates, were depressed or had experienced recent stress. There was an extraordinarily high incidence of depression among White women.
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PMID:Alcohol, aspirin, depression, smoking, stress and the patient with a gastric ulcer. 126 62

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between depression (helpless withdrawal behavior) and susceptibility to stress ulcer in rats. The WKY genetic strain of rats has been described as highly susceptible to stomach ulcer development during water restraint, i.e., when placed in a jar of water and forced to swim to keep their head above water, a setting in which Richter identified "giving up" behavior akin to hopelessness (Richter, 1957). Since WKY rats tended to float in the water instead of swimming in an attempt to escape, and were also found to be relatively inactive in open field tests, a series of experiments were performed to ascertain whether their diminished activity and their failure to swim reflected slowness, cognitive impairment, or something actually akin to depression. The latter interpretation was supported by evidence from tests of shock avoidance behavior, of capacity to learn discrimination in an operant setting, and by the capacity of an antidepressive drug to lessen floating time in the forced swim test and also to reduce the incidence of stomach ulcers.
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PMID:Learning behavior, escape behavior, and depression in an ulcer susceptible rat strain. 161 Jul 18

Gastric and duodenal ulcer healing and scarring were evaluated with a highly magnifying endoscope. The appearance of scar was classified into three types: Sa, with a depression at the center; Sb, with a pattern of regenerated mucosa reaching the center; and Sc, with a uniform pattern throughout. The relationship between regenerative mucosal patterns and histologic findings of biopsy specimens was investigated in 58 patients with gastric ulcer. Mucosal regeneration was sufficient in 26.7% of patients with Sa pattern, 79.2% of patients with Sb pattern, and 100% with Sc pattern. From prospective endoscopic follow-up observations, the relationship between endoscopic findings of ulcer scars and ulcer relapses was investigated in 80 patients with gastric ulcer and 56 patients with duodenal ulcer. As a result, patients who completed the cycle of ulcer healing from Sa pattern through Sb to Sc patterns had rarely relapse. In contrast, patients with a Sa pattern of mucosal scar showed a high rate of recurrence: 88.8% for gastric ulcer, and 88.0% for duodenal ulcer. Our method of evaluation of gastric and duodenal ulcer healing with a highly magnifying endoscope may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. It may indicate a population of patients (with Sa scarring pattern) with a high risk of ulcer recurrence and therefore requiring prolonged prophylactic treatment.
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PMID:Evaluation of peptic ulcer healing with a highly magnifying endoscope: potential prognostic and therapeutic implications. 194 Jan 87

Over the 17-year period 1969-1985, 2,721 reports of 3,521 suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were submitted to the Danish Committee on ADRs. The results are presented together with the consumption of each drug during the same period. The total sale of NSAIDs showed a four-fold increase during the 17 years, the average corresponding to a permanent intake by 2.2% of the population. The number of reported ADRs per defined daily dose (DDD) sold was markedly lower for "older" drugs like the butazones, indomethacin, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and fenoprofen than for the drugs marketed during the last decade. These differences could not be accounted for by the well-known biases attached to spontaneous ADR reporting. Of 67 fatal reactions, 25 were due to bleeding or perforation of a gastric ulcer, mostly during treatment with indomethacin and naproxen, and in elderly people, and 27 were caused by bone marrow depression or leukaemia, begun mostly during treatment with butazones, but some with indomethacin and naproxen as well. It is pointed out that all reports on fatal bone marrow depression associated with butazones were submitted before 1976 and that the fact that none have been received since that time could be a result of better understanding of the proper dosage of the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Reported adverse reactions to and consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Denmark over a 17-year period. 296 38

The effect of two different types of acute stress (immobilization and fasting) on the polymorphonuclear leukocyte phagocytic function has been studied in male and female rats. With this aim, a subgroup of rats was under immobilization and fasting, another under complete energy deprivation and a third one (controls), exposed to the normal activity of the animal room, for 15 hours. The stress induction was assessed by controlling weight variations and gastric ulcers generation. Both stressors induced weight loss but only immobilization resulted in the development of gastric ulcer in all the animals studied. Phagocytosis was increased in male rats stressed by fasting and in immobilized female rats. In the remaining subgroups polymorphonuclear leukocyte cells showed a phagocytic capacity within the range of control values. Only comparison of the males group stressed by fasting with the male group stressed by fasting and immobilization showed a significant depression in phagocytosis.
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PMID:Effects of fasting and immobilization stresses on the phagocytic capacity of rat polymorphonuclear phagocyte monolayers. 359 41

A variety of personality traits and psychological symptom states have been reported to be associated with peptic ulcer disease. In the present study, male patients with confirmed duodenal or gastric ulcer(s) are compared with patient and non-patient control groups in terms of Type A behaviour, the Eysenck personality dimensions, hostility, state and trait anxiety, and depression. By comparison with cardiac patients, the peptic ulcer groups obtained lower Type A scores but were similar on the other variables. By comparison with age and sex matched community controls. GU patients obtained higher trait anxiety and psychoticism scores while the DU group had higher state anxiety levels. The implications of these findings in terms of the role of psychological factors in the aetiology of peptic ulcer disease are discussed.
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PMID:Type A behaviour and other psychological factors in peptic ulcer disease. 362 86

Psychological correlates of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease were assessed in a group of somewhat older patients with ulcer disease identified by endoscopy. Associations between both ulcer types and symptom measures (anxiety and depression) seemed only to reflect severity or chronicity of gastrointestinal symptoms or the impending endoscopy procedure. Associations with 'trait' psychological indices may be of causal significance. Duodenal ulcer patients had higher 'introversion' and 'psychoticism' scores (on the EPQ) than controls, while gastric ulcer patients had higher psychoticism scores and 'trait anxiety' scores. These findings could not be attributed to confounding variables. When the two ulcer groups were compared, the gastric ulcer group had significantly higher neuroticism, psychoticism and hostility scores which were not attributable to confounding variables. The higher depression scores in gastric ulcer patients, however, simply reflected the greater chronicity of their physical symptoms. The groups did not differ significantly on measures of trait anxiety, tension, introversion or Type A behaviour.
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PMID:Psychological correlates of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. 372 9

Acute hepatic failure is characterized by a sudden catastrophic compromise of hepatic failure that causes clinical signs such as anorexia, depression, vomiting, diarrhea, icterus, and encephalopathy. Injurious hepatotoxins, drugs, infectious agents, or metabolic disturbances can cause acute hepatic failure; however, in many cases, the inciting cause is not determined. Treatment is aimed at controlling complications such as fluid-electrolyte imbalances, hepatic encephalopathy, hypoglycemia, bleeding diathesis, gastric ulcer, sepsis, and endotoxemia, in order to provide time for liver regeneration and recovery.
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PMID:Acute hepatic failure. 387 99

A prospective study was carried out in 51 patients admitted for abdominal complaints of at least 1 year's duration. Despite previous hospitalization for the same complaints, no certain diagnosis had been established. After systematic diagnostic procedures in the Medical Dept., Rikshospitalet, 33 patients were given a psychosomatic and 18 patients an organic primary diagnosis. The organic diseases were three cases of Crohn's disease, two of cancer, two of duodenal ulcers, one of gastric ulcer, two of gastroduodenitis, five of postresection syndrome, one of lactose intolerance, one of hyperthyroidism, and one of degeneration of the columna. The patients' condition was registered after 1 year of individual treatment. There was a significant decrease in the number of symptoms, in the psychosomatic score of anxiety, depression, and stress, and in days on sick leave and consultation with physicians in connection with the second compared with the first hospitalization for the whole group, for the psychosomatic group, and for the patients with upper gastrointestinal disease. Increased vitality based on muscular testing was also indicated in the same groups of patients. The study suggests that patients with uncharacteristic abdominal disorders may need a thorough examination at least once in the course of their illness; on the one hand, this may help patients with psychosomatic disease to cope better with their problems, and, on the other hand, primary organic lesions may be difficult to diagnose on the grounds of simple screening procedures.
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PMID:A prospective study of patients with uncharacteristic abdominal disorders. 389 79


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