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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Henry Norman Bethune was born in Ontario in 1890 and was to become the best-known physician in the world. Bethune, a thoracic surgeon, spent his professional life in Detroit and Montreal, with these periods separated by a year spent as a patient in a tuberculosis sanatorium. This was where his interest in pulmonary disease was stimulated. Pioneer thoracic surgeon, councillor to the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, artist, poet, polemist, conservative-turned-communist, iconoclast, and soldier, Bethune was a highly complex individual. Diverting his energies from surgery to social issues during the depression, Bethune participated in the Spanish Civil War, at which time he designed the world's first mobile blood transfusion unit. Eight months later, Bethune joined Mao Tse-tung's Eight Route Army in China. In 1939 he died of septicemia acquired from a sliver of infected bone while he was operating on a wounded Chinese patient. Bethune's fame today derives principally from the popularization of his accomplishments by Mao, whom he met once and who subsequently decreed that all in China should learn about him. Bethune's posthumous influence played an important role in the reopening of relations between China and the West.
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PMID:The world's best-known surgeon. 635 51

Aflatoxins are common environmental hazards in all the underdeveloped countries of the tropics where they commonly contaminate food. They are toxic to most species of animals and are among the most powerful carcinogenic agents known. The liver is the principal target for toxicity. Metabolic derangements caused by aflatoxins include depression of protein and enzyme synthesis, disorder of lipid metabolism and immunological suppression. The aetiology and pathogenesis of kwashiorkor remains somewhat obscure. Similarities in the geographical and climatic prevalence of kwashiorkor and aflatoxins and similarities in the metabolic derangements caused by aflatoxins and those observed in kwashiorkor, prompted investigation of the relationship between aflatoxin and kwashiorkor in the Sudan and elsewhere in Africa. Analysis of foods from markets and in homes revealed widespread aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxins were found more frequently and at higher concentrations in the serum of children with kwashiorkor than in those with other types of malnutrition or in normal children. Aflatoxicol, a metabolite of aflatoxin B1 was detected in serum in kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor but not in normally nourished children and only once in marasmus. Autopsy liver samples from West and Southern Africa have shown aflatoxins in all cases of kwashiorkor but not in marasmus. These findings establish relationships between aflatoxin and kwashiorkor the nature of which remains obscure but includes the possibility of a causal association.
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PMID:The influence of aflatoxins on child health in the tropics with particular reference to kwashiorkor. 643 91

In a study of Catego depressive syndromes, using the Syndrome Check List and the Catego programme, no significant differences in depression symptomatology frequencies were found in nine different cultural groups of patients admitted to a London hospital. There were some differences in the frequencies of the hospital diagnoses of depression, whereas the Catego diagnoses showed greater similarity. It is argued that symptoms characteristic of depression in the West are common to all cultures and will become apparent on enquiry in conjunction with other culturally determined symptoms.
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PMID:A cross-cultural comparative study of patterns of depression in a hospital-based population. 646 95

Visual evoked potentials in response to sinusoidal gratings of various spatial frequencies, alternating in contrast at 8 Hz were recorded from infants affected by an idiopathic form of infantile spasms (West syndrome). In two infants in whom the spasms began at 3 and 5 months of age, respectively, the VEP's were found to be depressed in amplitude at and around a spatial frequency of 3 and 5 c/deg, respectively. This midfrequency depression, which has never been reported in the literature for normal infants, suggests that infantile spasms in idiopathic patients may interfere at least temporarily with the development of visual function.
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PMID:Pattern reversal evoked potentials in infantile spasms. 648 Apr 35

In prospectively evaluating 100 cases of adolescents with chest pain (along with two control groups), 91 were found to have recurrent chest pain; fewer than 5 had a serious organic cause. Significantly higher school absenteeism occurred in patients with either chest or abdominal pain than in patients without pain. Adolescents with chest and abdominal pain were more likely to be high users of medical services than those with no pain. Most adolescents believed that persons their age could have attacks; 44 of those with chest pain thought their symptom was due to a heart attack. The occurrence of chest pain was not influenced by an adolescent's age, sex, race, smoking status or family structure, nor was it consistently associated with depression. Chest pain is thus a common problem of adolescence that produces considerable functional impairment not attributable to serious underlying disease.
West J Med 1984 Sep
PMID:Chest pain in adolescents--functional consequences. 650 73

Our cultural sedentariness, recently acquired, lies at the base of much human ill-being. Physical inactivity predictably leads to deterioration of many body functions. A number of these effects coexist so frequently in our society that they merit inclusion in a specific syndrome, the disuse syndrome. The identifying characteristics of the syndrome are cardiovascular vulnerability, obesity, musculoskeletal fragility, depression and premature aging. The syndrome is experimentally reproducible and, significantly, the clinical features are subject to both preventive and restitutive efforts that happily are cheap, safe, accessible and effective.
West J Med 1984 Nov
PMID:The disuse syndrome. 651 49

A study of 104 homicide-followed-by-suicide events in Los Angeles during 1970-1979 are reported and compared, in part, to the findings of D.J. West for Wales and England, 1954-1961. Variables discussed are age, ethnicity, sex distribution of both offenders and victims, relationship between them, methods by which victims were killed, alcohol content in victims and offenders, suicide notes, depression, and physical illness.
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PMID:Homicide followed by suicide: Los Angeles, 1970-1979. 667 97

With the careful application of the principles outlined herein, brain death can be determined with certainty. There have been no documented reports of survivors when these guidelines have been followed. The traid of a known mechanism of brain injury, absence of contributing metabolic or toxic central nervous system depression and absence of demonstrable brain function is sufficient to determine brain death clinically and, in most states, legally. The use of apneic oxygenation protects cadaver organs for transplantation during the period needed to prove that a patient cannot breathe. Very little can ameliorate the tragedy of sudden and unexpected fatal cerebral injury. Nonetheless, the concept of brain death is well established, and there is no longer a medical or an ethical reason to prolong unnecessary support of these patients.
West J Med 1984 Apr
PMID:Determination of brain death. 671 20

In a catamnesis 4 years after surgery for duodenal ulcer the development of the bodily complaints and of the self-concept of 42 patients was investigated. The self-image of the duodenal ulcer patients 4 years after the operation was the same as before! An unsolved problem of aggression and a state of depression could be identified now as before. Characteristics, which describe self-esteem and confidence were found as highly stable--i.e. they were relatively independent of time and rater. The intestinal complaints in average showed a decrease. Nevertheless the total score of complaints--intestinal and nonintestinal --of the ulcer patients in comparison to a representative sample (Federal Republic of Germany and Berlin-West) was much higher. The main postoperative complaints still came from the intestinum . It could be shown, that in a large subgroup of patients had established a shift of the syndrome to pains in the limbs. The results are discussed under psychoanalytical- psychosomatical aspects.
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PMID:[Complaint picture and self concept of patients with duodenal ulcer before and 4 years after surgery]. 673 Jul 35

Homoiothermic organisms react to hypothermia by shivering and thermogenesis to retain their euthermic state. This reactive homeostatic mechanism recruits a strong sympathetic response, which must be suppressed by anesthesia and adjuvants during induced hypothermia. Below 30 degrees C there is significant neural and organ depression associated with cold narcosis. Cardiac arrhythmias and ventricular fibrillation are grave developments when the core temperature is below 28 degrees C. Proper cardiopulmonary support must be instituted in a patient who has induced or accidental hypothermia at these severely hypothermic levels.Although clinical hypothermia is used to protect the brain and the heart from ischemic insults during an operation, it induces a complex array of physiologic changes in the body that must be appreciated so that optimal care may be provided to a patient.
West J Med 1983 Feb
PMID:Physiology and pharmacology of hypothermia. 683 26


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