Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-eight Turkish refugees living in Denmark were examined by the authors in the period 1984-85. Fourteen of the persons alleged having been tortured in Turkey during the period 1980-83. The remaining 14 persons reported that they had not been tortured and thus acted as controls. All the testimonies were found valid according to a method previously used by us. The most common forms of violence reported were blows and electrical torture. Blindfolding, solitary confinement and threats were also frequent. At the time of examination the main mental complaints were sleep disturbances with nightmares and impaired memory. Emotional lability and concentration disturbances were also frequent. Physically the torture victims suffered from headache, various cardio-pulmonary and muscular pains, dyspepsia and reading disturbances. All reported that they had been healthy before torture. The clinical examination revealed only a few signs related to torture, although examples of minimal scars, fractured or missing teeth, discrete neurological disorders and mental depression were found. The 14 controls had significantly fewer complaints, and almost no abnormalities were found during the clinical examination. The present study clearly demonstrates the traumatic effects of torture.
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PMID:Sequelae to torture. A controlled study of torture victims living in exile. 333 88

Previous studies have suggested that depression might be more strongly related to sleep disturbances in older than in younger individuals. However, few of these studies have simultaneously considered variables other than depression that have been demonstrated to influence the sleep of elderly persons, and none has examined the relationship between depression and sleep longitudinally. The present study examined the association between frequency of depressed mood, using the Depression Adjective Checklist (DACL), and self-reports of four sleep problems over a 3-year period in a sample of community-residing elderly persons. Results showed that frequency of depressed affect was related positively to sleep disturbance, even when subjects' age, gender, and health status were considered simultaneously. Early morning awakening was the sleep symptom that most consistently related to depressed mood over the course of the study. Poor health and female gender showed positive but less consistent relationships to the sleep complaints than depressed affect. Research on biological mechanisms underlying the disturbed sleep of elderly depressed individuals is discussed.
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PMID:A longitudinal study of depressed mood and sleep disturbances in elderly adults. 334 25

The authors evaluated the psychological distress in 41 parents of children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia or with Hodgkin's disease using the Symptom Distress Checklist (SCL-90). The subjects were tested three times: within the first few days after the child's admission to hospital and 8 months and 20 months later. The experimental population was compared with a control group of 25 subjects matched for age, sex, marital status and social class. At the first evaluation the experimental group had higher mean scores than the controls for obsession, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances. Seventy-eight % of the subjects (65.8% excluding the sleep disturbances (SlDi) subscale) scored moderate distress on at least one of the SCL-90 subscales. The 8 month and 20 month follow-ups confirmed the presence of high scores of psychological distress particularly in the sleep disturbances and depression subscales, with 78% (58.4% excluding SlDi) and 82.3% (70% excluding SlDi) of the subjects gaining scores of moderate distress in at least one of the subscales of the SCL-90.
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PMID:Longitudinal evaluations of psychological distress in parents of children with malignancies. 345 18

There appears to be as yet undefined but significant and possibly multifactorial elements of personality, stress, or depression in the manifestations and possibly the pathogenesis of FS. If these factors, perhaps amplified by the neurophysiologic effects of disturbed sleep, produce a neurochemical disturbance in CNS function, and if this perturbation includes a reduction or impairment of function involving the pain-modulation pathways, then a simple and perhaps compelling explanation for the experience of pain in FS becomes apparent. Reduced midbrain/brainstem inhibition of ascending nociceptive impulses would clearly explain the finding of tender points in normal-appearing areas of the body, as well as the lack of segmental distribution of discomfort in FS. Local anesthetics, injected peripherally into tender points, would be expected, as is the case, to block pain and tenderness in the local area for the duration of action of the agent used. Analgesics with peripheral activity, such as aspirin and NSAIDs, are relatively ineffective in treating FS, and would be predictably so in a disorder involving reduced central pain inhibition as opposed to increased peripheral nociceptive input. It would not be surprising to find that centrally acting agents, particularly those producing enhancement of serotonergic neurons such as amitriptyline, would provide substantial or total pain relief as well as improvement in mood in a significant number of patients. Most importantly, this concept would highlight the real pain experienced by these patients and the obligation of involved physicians to appropriately diagnose and treat this common pain syndrome. Avoiding excessive conjecture, it is then permissible at the present time to conclude that: FS is a characteristic, clinically common pain syndrome in which aspects of the pain itself appear to be of physiologic origin. Although stress or inherent personality traits may play a role in FS, the relative uniformity in symptomatology virtually excludes conversion hysteria as a major factor in this disorder. The lack of evidence for a disturbance in muscle, fascia, and other soft tissues in FS, the lack of adequate response to NSAIDs, and the frequent response to TCAs suggest that specific dysfunction of the CNS may play a major role in the symptomatology of this entity. Impaired function of the pain-modulation system, located anatomically in the midbrain and brainstem, provides a plausible explanation for the pain and finding of tender points in FS, as well as a potentially rational basis for therapy.
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PMID:"Fibrositis" syndrome. 351 33

As part of an intensive survey of institutionalized elderly in 5 non-government homes for the aged in Singapore, mental health assessment of the residents was carried out systematically. Among 359 respondents, 30.1% often felt sad or cried often. Sleep disturbances affected 47.7% of the total respondents. Females were more prone to both depression and insomnia even after controlling for age difference; about 50% of the females aged 60-74 years and 70% of the females aged 75 years and above had frequently experienced these problems. A review of the literature on mental health and suicidal behaviour among the elderly is also presented.
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PMID:Mental status of residents in old people's homes. 359 78

The temporal relationship of rheumatoid arthritis activity and mood has rarely been studied and the findings have been unclear. This study focuses on this problem in a prospective, multiple assessment design. Depression, anxiety, and rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) variables were assessed weekly during hospitalization and monthly for six months after discharge in a sample of 39 patients. Evidence was found for a relationship between depression and increased R.A. activity occurring in association with clinically relevant R.A. related events such as flare-ups leading to hospitalization, improvement resulting from hospitalization, and adjustment after discharge. No evidence was found for relationships between depression, anxiety, and less dramatic changes in R.A. variables occurring during regular weekly in-hospital and monthly post-hospital assessments. The results demonstrate the inadequacy of assessments done at one point in time and also suggest that somatic complaints such as reduced energy, disturbed sleep or poor appetite may be associated as much with depression as R.A. activity.
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PMID:Depression, anxiety and rheumatoid arthritis activity. 360 70

Since the discovery of the antidepressant effects of interventions in the sleep-wake cycle, a number of hypotheses have emerged according to which disturbances in sleep physiology are not merely expressions but essential components of the pathophysiology of depression. Three hypotheses are presented, the "Phase-advance", the "S-deficiency" and the "ACh-hypersensitivity" hypotheses. They explain the therapeutic effects of total, partial and selective sleep deprivation as consequences of the normalization of disturbed sleep regulation. The question is dealt with whether there are indications that the hypothesized sleep regulatory disturbances exist and whether there is a relationship between the effects of sleep deprivation on sleep regulation and clinical state. None of the hypotheses is totally supported, none can be fully rejected.
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PMID:The significance of sleep physiological disturbances in depression. 367 31

The Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was administered to 2,150 Chinese secondary school students. The GHQ was found to have high internal consistency as a scale and high item-total correlations for most of the items. Factor analysis with a five-factor solution showed that five factors were abstracted from the scale, namely, anxiety, depression, inadequate coping, interpersonal dysfunctioning, and sleep disturbances. By randomly splitting the total sample into two subsamples, these five factors could be reproduced reliably, and high coefficients of congruence were found. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the GHQ and the implications of the findings were discussed.
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PMID:Reliability and factorial structure of the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire. 369 57

Thirty-two patients in remission were followed by regular ratings during a prospective neuroleptic withdrawal study. They were outpatients who fulfilled the DSM-III criteria of schizophrenia and who were motivated for drug withdrawal. The relapse rate was 81%. The results from the rating scales confirm the hypothesis that a symptom increase occurs before psychotic relapse. In the order statistical differences occurred, the factors predicting relapse were those concerned with positive psychopathology, motor dysfunction, impaired affects and sleep disturbances. The corresponding symptoms and signs were mainly concerned with thought disorders, paranoid ideation, overactivity, depression and insomnia middle, all of nonpsychotic degree of severity. If prodromes appear, the patient should resume his neuroleptic treatment, or other preventive measures should be taken. By such therapeutic interactions, psychotic relapse may be prevented, or can be dealt with in an outpatient setting.
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PMID:Schizophrenic relapse after drug withdrawal is predictable. 370 94

This paper examines the stress on a family after a neonatal death. Sixty-seven families who experienced 63 neonatal deaths and four post-neonatal deaths were studied during an interview held eight weeks after the death. Predominant support for the parents was provided by each other (63%), their parents (33%), friends, many of whom had experienced a similar loss (16%), neighbours (15%) and religion (13%). Grief reactions were more commonly reported by mothers than by fathers and included: sleep disturbances (51%); depression or fits of crying (34%); anorexia or weight loss (33%); nervousness and anxiety (19%); social withdrawal (18%); morbid preoccupation (9%); and guilt, anger or hostility (9%). Grief reactions were graded on a scale of I (physically, psychologically and emotionally settled) to IV (serious symptoms that disturbed day-to-day functioning). Pathological grief reactions occurred in 21 families and correlated with a lack of parental support and contact with their critically ill infant and a severe initial grief state (P less than 0.05). There was no correlation with the type of initial grief reaction; the attachment to the baby; the age of the baby; the comprehension of the cause of death; the hospital care or the way that they were informed of the death. The loss of a newborn infant had a major pathological effect on 31% of the families that were studied. This was probably an underestimate as eight weeks is too soon to assess unresolved grief.
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PMID:Neonatal death: grieving families. 371 20


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