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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of men with AIDS who chose to follow a macrobiotic regimen as an alternative form of therapy was studied for the possible influence of psychological factors on their clinical progression. In this group, men with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) had an estimated survival time of 60% at 3 years. Moreover, there was a tendency for lymphocyte number to increase during the first 3 years following diagnosis with KS. A subset of eight of these men with KS and one man with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) agreed to fill out a battery of psychological questionnaires. The results suggest low levels of fatigue, negative affect, and confusion, but high levels of vigor in this subgroup. Additionally, there was significant positive associations of CD4 positive lymphocyte numbers with trait curiosity and hardiness scores and significant negative associations with anxiety and depression. Mitogen responsiveness followed a similar pattern, but only a positive association with curiosity reached significance. Caution has to be used in interpreting such data, especially in view of the size of the sample and the complexity of the cohort. Nonetheless, these findings clearly suggest the need for prospective studies on the influence of psychological factors on the progression of AIDS.
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PMID:Psychological and immunological associations in men with AIDS pursuing a macrobiotic regimen as an alternative therapy: a pilot study. 279 Feb 32

In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) the pulmonary opportunistic infections are due to the depression of cellular immunity and they are found in more than 50% of patients. Most frequently the infection is due to Pneumocystis carinii, Cytomegalovirus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. Non-opportunistic infections in AIDS are mostly due to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Legionella pneumophila. In Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS the lungs may be involved into pulmonary manifestations of the syndrome. In this paper the diagnostics of pulmonary disturbances in AIDS is briefly evaluated together with the therapy of most frequent pulmonary infections.
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PMID:[Pulmonary manifestations in patients with AIDS]. 279 62

Zoster is uncommon before the age of 50 years in immunologically normal individuals, but it occurs with increased frequency in people who are immunosuppressed. A retrospective review of 300 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, revealed that 8% had prior zoster, a rate that is sevenfold greater than historic controls of the same age. We prospectively examined forty-eight patients, with no known immunodeficiency or signs of AIDS or AIDS related complex (ARC), who presented with zoster localized to the thoracic region. Forty-one patients had known risk factors for AIDS and thirty-five had antibody to the AIDS-associated virus (AAV) at the time of presentation. One seropositive subject had no known risk factors. Absolute lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte OKT4/OKT8 ratios, and lymphocyte mitogen responses were all depressed in subjects with antibody to AAV when compared with seronegative individuals. Seven of thirty-three AAV antibody-positive subjects, who could be followed longitudinally, developed AIDS from 1 to 28 months (mean = 13) after zoster. One antibody-negative subject seroconverted to become AAV seropositive 16 months after zoster and developed Kaposi's sarcoma 1 month later. These eight subjects had persistently low lymphocyte OKT4/OKT8 ratios and elevated beta-2 microglobulin. In patients at risk for AIDS, the occurrence of zoster may be one sign that heralds the marked depression of cellular immunity associated with AIDS or ARC.
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PMID:Herpes zoster: a possible early clinical sign for development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in high-risk individuals. 301 55

Sera from 37 Nigerian men with Kaposi's sarcoma were examined for evidence of infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and Candida albicans. For comparison purposes, sera from 30 patients with primary cell liver carcinoma and 150 health young adults were also assessed. The Kaposi's sarcoma patients were in poor general condition, with severe anemia and gross sepsis. In each case, cutaneous disease affected only the limbs-- a finding that is in contrast with the visceral organ involvement seen in most black African victims. The serologic testing provided clear evidence that tropical African Kaposi's sarcoma is not associated with HTLV-III infection; non of the 217 serum samples analyzed from the 3 study groups showed antibodies to this virus. A widespread pattern among the Kaposi's sarcoma and liver carcinoma patients was depression of peripheral blood monocyte chemotaxis and a diminished, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin. All patients in these 2 groups demonstrated circulating antibodies to CMV, EBV, HBV, AND HAV. Candida albicans was isolated from 30 of the 37 Kaposi's sarcoma patients and all 30 liver carcinoma patients compared with none of the health controls. These findings suggest that endemic tropical African Kaposi's sarcoma is a different disease than the epidemic AIDS-linked Kaposi's sarcoma reported from the US, and it is probable that different etiologic agents are involved in each case.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma and HTLV-III: a study in Nigerian adult males. 302 63

A complication of various therapies is an increased incidence of cancers. We present data on 3117 types of cancer that developed in 2915 immunosuppressed organ-transplant recipients. The predominant tumors are lymphomas, skin and lip carcinomas, vulvar and perineal carcinomas, in situ uterine-cervical carcinomas, and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Tumors appear a relatively short time after transplantation, the earliest being KS at an average of 23 months and the latest vulvar and perineal cancers presenting an average of 98 months after transplantation. Cytotoxic drugs given to cancer patients may cause secondary neoplasms either by a direct carcinogenic effect or, indirectly, through depression of immunity. The most common secondary malignancies are leukemias, lymphomas, and bladder carcinomas. Ionizing radiation causes cancer, either by a direct carcinogenic effect on cells in the radiation field, or indirectly by depressing immunity. The most common malignancies are leukemias and bone sarcomas.
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PMID:Secondary neoplasms as a consequence of transplantation and cancer therapy. 305 37

A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who required aggressive nutritional intervention via home parenteral nutrition therapy is described, and nutritional status, etiology and therapeutic management of AIDS-associated malnutrition, role of nutrition support, and factors for consideration in using parenteral nutrition in AIDS patients are discussed. Parenteral nutrition therapy was initiated in a 30-year-old AIDS patient with Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of the gastrointestinal tract because of rapid weight loss, low serum protein levels, and malnutrition. He had previously undergone a small-bowel resection and a jejunojejunostomy, and radiation and antineoplastic-drug therapy was planned. During parenteral nutrition therapy, the patient demonstrated increased physical strength and was able to care for himself during most of the time spent at home or in a long-term-care facility. Aggressive measures, including parenteral nutrition therapy, were discontinued 11 days before the patient's death. Complications of therapy included one episode of sepsis and a tear in the external catheter tubing. Malabsorption and diarrhea mainly caused by gastrointestinal disease, reduced food intake because of oral and esophageal infections, adverse effects from medication, and depression are factors that can contribute to AIDS-associated malnutrition. Also, hypermetabolism resulting from infections and fevers may contribute to malnutrition in AIDS. The extent to which this malnutrition affects the underlying immune dysfunction occurring in the syndrome and the response to other more direct drug therapies in AIDS is not known. Available methods for nutritional intervention are based on clinical experience and anecdotal reports. Because of gastrointestinal disease, an oral diet, supplements, and enteral tube feedings may not meet nutritional goals for an AIDS patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Parenteral nutrition in the management of gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with AIDS. 313 64

Pathogenesis of HIV infection and expression of retroviral proteins are gradually being elucidated. Antibody to HIV is a marker of past or present viral infection. The virus can be isolated from cultured lymphocytes of seropositive but not seronegative patients. Sero-epidemiological studies show that the majority of infected patients are asymptomatic carriers without biological sign of immune depression. Some then show immune abnormalities such as a decrease of CD4 cells in the blood; some patients present with lymphadenopathies or signs of AIDS-related complexes. Frank AIDS is a late stage of the disease. Some cofactors increase the immunodeficiency and then accelerate the passage from asymptomatic carrier to persistent generalized lymphadenopathies or AIDS by spreading the virus into target cells, susceptible T4 cells, bone marrow precursors, or brain. These AIDS patients then present with opportunistic infections and/or malignancies like Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and/or brain diseases (dementia or encephalitis).
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PMID:HIV target cells: effect of their infection by HIV on the pathogenesis of AIDS. 326 Sep 82

The epidemic form of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) that occurs in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) produces lesions that, histopathologically, are indistinguishable from those of classical KS or of the endemic form of the disease seen in children and adults in certain areas of Africa. There are, however, important differences in the pathogenesis of the disease in the different groups affected by the neoplasm. Compared with classical KS in people of eastern European and Mediterranean descent, which commonly takes a protracted, indolent course, the epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma (EKS) is far more aggressive. However, the KS seen in adults in endemic areas of Africa may also become florid and rapidly progressive after years of quiescence. Some degree of immune dysfunction is thought to be a factor in all forms of KS, with immune depression being the hallmark of EKS and the setting in which it occurs. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is thought to be at least a cofactor in the disease, but it has also been suggested that the etiologic agent of AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), may also play a role in EKS.
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PMID:Pathophysiology and epidemiology of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. 329 18

We evaluated 100 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-positive persons from the only alternate test site in Los Angeles. Thirty-five subjects complained of systemic symptoms suggestive of HIV infection and 65 were completely asymptomatic. Irrespective of symptoms, the group as a whole demonstrated clinical and laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency. Eighty had generalized lymphadenopathy, 16 onychomycosis, six oral candidiasis, and two biopsy-proved Kaposi's sarcoma. Seventy-seven were anergic to seven intradermal antigens. Despite normal white blood cell counts in most subjects, the T-helper-cell count was less than 300/mm3 in 48% of asymptomatic and 46% of symptomatic subjects. The degree of immune depression was less severe but approximated that of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. We believe these findings justify the need for comprehensive medical evaluation and follow-up care for seropositive persons from alternate test sites.
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PMID:Clinical features of 100 human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive individuals from an alternate test site. 350 Jun 85

Two patients with AIDS and histologically confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma were treated with 3 X 10(6) U/m2 interferon alpha 2C (rIFN alpha 2C) subcutaneously three times a week. In both cases remissions (7 weeks and more than 9 months) of the tumour lesions were achieved and in one case pretherapeutic moderate thrombocytopenia improved. The positive serum antibody titres to HTLV III-virus showed no conversion. Except for fever (below 39 degrees C) during the first two weeks of IFN treatment in both patients, therapy-requiring hypotonia, mild depression, leucopenia (WHO grade 1) and thrombocytopenia (WHO grade 2) in one patient, no side effects were observed. All the above-mentioned features were reversible after termination of treatment. Further studies to optimize the dosage of rIFN alpha 2C and its time schedule in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS are recommended.
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PMID:[Interferon alpha 2C in the treatment of 2 patients with AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma]. 357 87


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