Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polymyalgia rheumatica developed in a 71-year-old patient within 2 years of the onset of acute sarcoidosis with biopsy-verified involvement of the thyroid, and concomitant autoimmune thyroiditis with hyperthyroid symptoms. Three years after the onset of muscle symptoms a non-metastasizing breast carcinoma was discovered and treated surgically. Neither the long interval between the onset of polymyalgia rheumatica and the discovery of the breast tumour, nor the good response of muscle symptoms to a one-year maintenance treatment with corticosteroids, was consistent with a paraneoplastic mechanism of the polymyalgia rheumatica syndrome. It was therefore hypothesized that the various disorders suffered by this patient might be related to a partly age-dependent depression of T-lymphocyte function, leading to an altered immunological reactivity to which the various clinical manifestations could be attributed. Such a hypothesis is supported by recent reports showing that in old people and in ageing experimental animals, a decrease in T-lymphocyte function and in the number of circulating T-cells occurs concomitantly with an increase in the incidence of a variety of neoplasms and autoimmune disorders.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis with thyroid involvement, polymyalgia rheumatica and breast carcinoma. A case report. 93 26

We found it valuable to separate the heterogeneous types of sarcoidosis into more homogeneous groups on the basis of activity and duration of the disease. This view is supported in the present study by the finding of a marked depression of T-cell function in patients with chronic-active sarcoidosis. Patients with acute or chronic-inactive disease had only moderately depressed T-cell function as measured by tuberculin skin test and DNCB index. These results are in agreement with those of some previous investigations. The remainder of the abnormal findings, particularly low total number of circulation T lymphocytes, elevated serum IgG levels, and presence of autoantibodies, could not be correlated to disease activity, extent of the disease, or T-cell function. We have found no explanation for the presence of autoantibodies but suspect that they may be nonspecifically related to the disease process.
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PMID:Immunological studies in sarcoidosis: a comparison of disease activity and various immunological parameters. 108 93

The hypothalamus, in addition to regulating the anterior and posterior pituitary, controls water balance through thirst, regulates food ingestion and body temperature, influences consciousness, sleep, emotion and other behaviors. Much has been learned of these effects in human disease through the clinical manifestations that occur with hypothalamic lesions. This study reviews the clinical pathologic correlations that have been made in recent years showing that regions of the hypothalamus exert functions in humans that are similar to those identified in experimental animals. Clinical pathologic correlations have not always provided precise analysis of hypothalamic function. The hypothalamus is small and often lesions that come to clinical attention achieve considerable size before their recognition, making local anatomic dissections of the effects of the lesions difficult. Nevertheless, the use of modern non-invasive techniques including CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have provided new information not previously available. This paper reviews several cases of hypothalamic disorder recognized recently. (1) A 33-year-old black man with hypothalamic sarcoidosis. Manifestations of hypothalamic dysfunction included panhypopituitarism, aggressive hyperphagia, polydipsia (partially due to hyperglycemia secondary to diabetes mellitus), drowsiness, depression, and irritability. (2) A 37-year-old woman with a large intrahypothalamic tumor (biopsy showed pituitary adenoma), with drowsiness, poikilothermia, lack of satiety, confusion, and memory loss. She becomes depressed when she is transiently more alert (as after hypertonic contrast-dye infusion). (3) A 60-year-old man with hypothalamic compression by a pituitary tumor, associated with syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH), severe anorexia, memory loss, but preserved thirst. After surgical decompression of the tumor his appetite acutely recovered, but he developed severe hypo(poikilo)thermia. (4) A 45-year-old woman with a suprasellar craniopharyngioma presented with severe drowsiness, hyperphagia, depression, and memory loss post-operatively, which responded to antidepressants (except for the memory loss). She had extremely labile blood pressures and serum Na for about 1 week post-operatively.
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PMID:Neurologic manifestations of hypothalamic disease. 148 Jul 55

More than a century ago, Jonathan Hutchingson, a surgeon-dermatologist, identified the first case of sarcoidosis at King's College, London. The disease is now known as a commonplace multisystem disorder characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomata. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is established by recognizing clinicoradiologic findings and providing histologic evidence of non-caseating granuloma. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme levels are high in about two thirds of the patients and hypercalcemia is a feature in one of every ten victims of sarcoidosis. Immunologic abnormalities include depression of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity, accumulation of T-cells at the site of activity, hyperactive B-cells, and the presence of circulating immune complexes. The course and prognosis of the disease usually correlate with the mode of onset. An acute onset with erythema nodosum indicates a good prognosis and spontaneous resolution; whereas, an insidious onset may be followed by relentless, progressive fibrosis. Mortality and morbidity are caused by pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, neurologic involvement, and blindness. Corticosteroids and chloroquine relieve symptoms and suppress inflammation and granuloma formation.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis. 220 9

Clinical signs of generalized granulomatous disease in a horse included depression, generalized lymphadenopathy, scaly skin, and dependent edema. Diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically by diffuse granulomas in more than one organ system (lymph nodes and skin), and by ruling out etiologic agents. Response to treatment with corticosteroids was favorable. The clinical features and response to treatment in this horse were different from classic textbook descriptions of equine generalized granulomatous disease. Equine granulomatous disease appears to be comparable to human sarcoidosis. To avoid confusion between human medical and veterinary medical terminology, the authors suggest that the equine disease be referred to as equine idiopathic granulomatous disease and that a complete diagnostic description should include a reference to the organ systems involved.
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PMID:Idiopathic granulomatous disease involving the skin in a horse. 224 35

A series of human multinucleate giant cells (MGCs) of the endocytotic type were studied using enzyme histochemical methods for dehydrogenases, glycosidases, phosphatases, and peptidases. Several enzyme patterns were found. The subgroup of MGCs associated with inflammatory granulomatous processes (sarcoidosis, granulomatous myositis, familial granulomatosis, lymphogranuloma, granulomatous cholangitis) was characterized by high activities of nonspecific esterase (NE) and tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase (AcPase-Ts). There was no detectable activity of peptidases or tartrate-resistant isoenzyme of acid phosphatase (AcPase-Tr). This enzyme equipment was indistinguishable from that in mononuclear precursors in the granulomas. The other MGCs of the series displayed enzyme patterns substantially different from their monocytic precursors (blood monocytes and Langerhans cells). The subgroup of foreign body associated MGCs (resorption of fat, keratin, and suture material) was characterized by high activities of NE, AcPase-Tr, and greatly variable activities of both peptidases studied. The latter lacked predilection for certain subcellular regions. The subgroup of osteoclasts and so-called giant cell tumours (osteoclastoma, giant cell tumour of soft parts, giant cell epulis of peripheral, and central types) displayed very low activity of NE, high activity of AcPase-Tr, and strong activities of peptidases. The latter were localized near the surface membrane of the polykarya. MGCs in histiocytosis X (HX) differed from the previous group by higher values of NE in average. All MGC types had common denominator in the absence of alkaline phosphatase activity, on average intense dehydrogenase activities, mostly low beta-glucuronidase and highly variable alpha-mannosidase activities. The enzyme pattern heterogeneity is discussed with regard to the phenomenon of enzyme induction and depression occurring in course of polykaryon production. The variability of phenomenon may reflect reactive adaptation to varying functional demands imposed on MGCs under different conditions.
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PMID:Enzyme patterns in human endocytotic multinucleate giant cells--a histochemical study. 287 82

A total of 192 patients with active sarcoidosis of the stages I and II were examined. The state of the kinin system of the blood was studied on the basis of the values of the rate of kininogenesis and kinin-destroying activity of the blood. The rate of kininogenesis was assessed by the content of kininogen and prekallikrein in the blood and by kallikrein activity. Antikinin potential was measured by the values of the activity of carboxypeptidase N (KI), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and total kininase activity (TKA) of the blood. KI and ACE were estimated by the rate of hydrolysis of synthetic substrates, TKA was estimated biologically by inactivation of the native substrate bradykinin. In sarcoidosis patients activation of the kinin system is detected which at early stages of the disease is accompanied by stimulation and later by depression of TKA. No correlation is found between values of KI, ACE and TKA. Possible mechanisms of these disturbances detected are discussed.
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PMID:Comparative study of kinin destroying activity of blood enzymes in respiratory sarcoidosis patients. 301 25

Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) was analysed in 27 patients with Hodgkin's disease, 25 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 14 with acute leukaemia, 15 with chronic leukaemia, and 15 with multiple myeloma. SACE was depressed in these patients as a whole, with a mean level of 19.9 mu/ml, compared with 116 healthy controls (mean 24.4 mu/ml, P < 0.001). This depression was greatest in chronic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. In Hodgkin's disease no relationship was found between enzyme activity and stage, activity, histopathology, treatment, mediastinal involvement or prognosis. In non-Hodgkin patients a poor prognosis was generally associated with low SACE activity. The low SACE activity was not related to recent corticosteroid treatment, and the cause and pathophysiological significance is unexplained. Since SACE is high in the granulomatous disorder sarcoidosis (which can mimic malignant lymphnode and blood diseases) SACE analysis can be valuable in evaluating patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and those in whom non-caseating epitheliod granulomas are found.
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PMID:Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in malignant lymphomas, leukaemia and multiple myeloma. 625 27

Sarcoidosis may involve the central nervous system (CNS) in approximately 5% of cases. Three levels of neurological involvement are possible and include cranial nerve abnormalities, peripheral neuropathies, and lesions of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. In addition to abnormal neurological findings, psychiatric presentations of CNS sarcoidosis include symptoms of delirium, dementia, depression, personality changes, and psychosis. The diagnosis usually rests on neurological, psychiatry, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities with a history of sarcoidosis in other organ systems. The CSF, however, may be normal in as many as 30% of cases. The complexities of the illness and the difficulties that may be encountered in making the diagnosis are illustrated with a case of suspected CNS sarcoidosis that presented with delirium and choreoathetosis. The use of steroids as the mainstay of treatment is also discussed.
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PMID:Central nervous system sarcoidosis. 661 71

According to the Subcommittee on Classification and Definition of Sarcoidosis, it is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. It most commonly affects young adults and presents most frequently with bilateral hilar adenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, and skin or eye lesions. The diagnosis is established when clinical findings and appropriate x-ray findings are supported by tissue biopsy specimens in which noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas are found. Immunologic features of the disease include depression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, suggestive of impaired cell mediated immunity, and increased or abnormal immunoglobulin levels. Hypercalciuria may occur, with or without hypercalcemia. The course and prognosis of the disease correlate with the mode of onset. An acute onset in the presence of erythema nodosum indicates a self-limited course with spontaneous resolution, whereas an insidious onset may be followed by a relentless course. Corticosteroids are useful when therapy is required, as well as to suppress inflammation and the occurrence of granulomatous changes.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis. 675 25


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