Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cardinal immunologic changes in sarcoidosis consist of depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity, hyperreactive circulating antibody responses and the Kveim-Siltzbach skin test phenomenon. Depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity is demonstrated by skin tests using tuberculin, mumps, pertussis, trichophytin, oidiomycin, dinitrochlorobenzene and Californian keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The cultured lymphocytes from patients with depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity react poorly to phytohemagglutinin, and there is a close correlation between anergy of lymphocytes in culture and by cutaneous anergy. In vivo cutaneous anergy mirrors in vitro cellular hyporeactivity. Other technics used to expose immunologic defects in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with sarcoidosis include tests of T and B cell function, rosetie formation and migration inhibition. Whereas there is cutaneous anergy and impaired cellular immunity in patients with sarcoidosis, the reverse holds for circulating factors. There are increased circulating immunoglobulin levels, increased circulating antibody levels to Epstein-Barr, herpes simplex, rubella, measles and parainfluenza viruses, increase antibody response to mismatched blood and occasional false-positive Wassermann reactions, but there is no increase in circulating autoan tibodies. There is no evidence that patients with sarcoidosis belong predominantly to any particular histocompatibility locus. Worldwide figures for the Kveim-Siltzbach skin test are presented. They provide evidence of its specificity in various international series. The causes of nonspecific reactions are discussed.
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PMID:Immunology of sarcoidosis. 16 93

Determinations of SACE activity were performed in 80 patients with sarcoidosis, 55 normal controls, and 29 patients with asthma, by the spectrophotometric method of Cushman and Cheung. SACE levels were significantly higher in both untreated and steroid-treated patients with sarcoidosis than in normal controls: 46.2 +/- 20.6 (S.D.), nm/min/ml, 38.1 +/- 23.1, and 26.8 +/- 1.8, respectively. There were no significant differences between steroid-treated and untreated patient groups. However, an inverse correlation was observed between SACE levels and steroid dose, suggesting the possibility of a dose dependency for steroid-induced depression of SACE. Elevated SACE levels (2 S.D. above mean controls) were present in 67% of untreated sarcoidosis patients. The prevalence of elevated SACE levels was not significantly higher when the patient population was examined with respect to duration of disease, radiological stage, and the presence of abnormality in pulmonary function tests. When patients were divided according to the frequency of clinical criteria of disease activity, the presence of two or more criteria was associated with elevated SACE levels in 88% of patients. But SACE levels were elevated in 32% of patients judged to have dormant disease by clinical criteria. SACE levels had an 81% accuracy in prediction of disease activity and a 79% accruacy for prediction of inactivity. It was concluded that SACE elevations have definite diagnostic value in sarcoidosis and are helpful in establishing the presence of disease activity but are not sufficient to fully separate active from inactive disease groups.
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PMID:Clinical significance of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in sarcoidosis. 22 Mar 47

A patient exposed to thorotrast angiography developed sarcoidosis 21 years after the injection and myelofibrosis 13 years later. On the latter occasion an extreme deficiency in circulating lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (T-cells) was observed and a large fraction of the cells had chromosomal aberrations. Acute leukaemia developed 1 year later. The multiple clinical symptoms may be related to radiation-induced destruction of bone marrow tissue, mutations in haemopoietic cells and depression of cell-mediated immunity.
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PMID:Pronounced deficiency in T-cells and lymphocyte chromosomal aberrations in a patient with sarcoidosis, myelofibrosis and acute leukaemia following thorotrast angiography. 30 34

The characteristics of the circulating lymphocytes of 24 patients suffering from sarcoidosis were studied. The surface markers and the in vitro lymphocytic activity, both spontaneous and after stimulation with PHA, were assessed. Each culture was carried out in both homologous and autologous plasma. The stimulating ability of the plasma of sarcoidosis patients on normal lymphocytes was also evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups, i.e. acute sarcoidosis and sarcoidosis in remission. From this study it can be stated that depression of T-dependent immunity is particularly evident in patients with active disease. This depression seems to be mainly due to the presence in the plasms of factors which inhibit the cellular immune response.
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PMID:[Cellular immunity in sarcoidosis]. 30 5

Sarcoid patients frequently show depression of skin delayed hypersensitivity reactions suggesting depression of thymic (T) lymphocyte function. In vitro demonstration of such depression, however, to date, is inconclusive. We have used the macrophage migration inhibition test with Kveim "antigen" (KMIF), and spontaneous sheep red cell rosetting (SRC) techniques as indicator systems. We found that a positive KMIF test obtained in 7 of 16 subjects (13 sarcoid and 3 non sarcoid) in the presence of foetal bovine sera (FBS) became negative in the presence of sarcoid patients sera. Using lymphocytes from a single normal healthy subject the SRC tests were performed in the presence of sarcoid, normal healthy sera and FBS. With sarcoid sera 38% of lymphocytes showed rosetting as compared with normal human sera, 54%, and with FBS, 57%. Where lymphocytes were pre-incubated for one hour in the various sera the percentage of rosetting cells were even further reduced, sarcoid sera 23%, as compared to normal human sera, (49%), and FBS, (54%). Thus, using two tests of lymphocyte function our preliminary results suggest the presence of T cell inhibitory factors in sarcoid sera.
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PMID:A search for thymie (T) lymphocyte inhibitory factors in sarcoid sera. 30 92

Lysozyme activity of macrophages and giant cells in various human granulomas were examined with immunoperoxidase bridge method in tissue sections. Various numbers of epithelioid cells and giant cells of epithelioid cell granulomas of tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease exhibited intense granular cytoplasmic lysozyme activity. Foreign body granulomas induced with various substances showed negative or faintly positive lysozyme stain. Macrophages and giant cells of aspergillus granuloma associated with thymus hypoplasia and T-cell depression contained no lysozyme. The results suggest that cell-mediated immunology plays an important role for the lysozyme synthesis of macrophages in granuloma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical observation of lysozyme in macrophages and giant cells in human granulomas. 36 52

The Kveim reaction was studied in vivo in 50 patients with sarcoidosis. Commonwealth Serum Laboratories Kveim material and a new Danish Kveim material gave 14 and 8 positive reactions respectively, as well as 6 and 8 equivocal reactions. Forty-six of the patients were also tested in vitro for cell mediated immunity to the Danish Kveim material, using both the leucocyte migration agarose technique and the capillary technique. No significant migration inhibition or stimulation were found. A tuberculin skin test was performed in 49 of the patients, and in 45 a dinitrochlorobenzene sensitivity titer was determined. Both tests revealed a depression of the cell mediated immunity. The serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE were determined. The serum of each patient was also examined to determine if organ-non-specific and granulocyte-specific antinuclear factors of IgG class, antibodies against native DNA, rheumatoid factor, mitochondrial antibodies, antibodies against thyroid cytoplasm, and parietal cell antibodies were present. IgG levels were above normal in 28 patients; IgE was above normal in 10 patients, 4 of whom were atopics or had an atopic disposition. Organ-non-specific antinuclear factors were present in 17 patients.
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PMID:Humoral and cellular immunity in sarcoidosis. 64 46

Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology with protean manifestations. Its history is revealed in its many eponymic syndromes. The histologic features are nonspecific, as are most of the clinical manifestations. The diagnosis is made by exclusion. The immunologic abnormalities are fascinating, with features of both hyperactivity and depression. Therapy is nonspecific and generally symptomatic.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis. 65 35

In November 1966, a 47-year-old black woman had a skin eruption and an abnormal chest roentgenogram that were found to be due to sarcoidosis. In September 1974, nodular lesions and subsequently generalized exfoliative dermatitis developed that were found to be due to mycosis fungoides. The concurrence of sarcoidosis and mycosis fungoides has been recorded only once in the literature. The depression of cell-mediated immunity found in this patient and other sarcoid patients suggests that impairment of the host's immunosurveillance system may predispose to the development of T-cell lymphomas.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis associated with mycosis fungoides. 66 28

A group of 26 untreated patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis were studied. Multiple immunologic parameters were defined, including spontaneous morphologic lymphoblastic transformation, spontaneous production of macrophage inhibitory factor activity, 8-day cell culture lymphocyte count, phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphoblastic transformation, and cutaneous reactivity to a battery of recall antigens. The in vitro impairment of phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphoblastic transformation occurred only in patients with more disseminated disease (Group II). Cutaneous anergy did not correlate either with the degree of in vitro phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphoblastic transformation or with the extent and known duration of disease. The in vitro occurrence of enhanced spontaneous morphologic lymphoblastic transformation and spontaneous release of macrophage inhibitory factor activity were demonstrated, but these did not always occur in the same lymphocyte cultures and appeared to be independent parameters of immunologic activity. In conclusion, it is suggested that, contrary to the previously held view of general depression of delayed hypersensitivity in sarcoidosis, the immune apparatus of patients with sarcoidosis may be hyperreactive. Further, it proposed that determination of the macrophage migration index may prove valuable in evaluating the activity of the disease.
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PMID:Sarcoid lymphocytes: spontaneous transformation and release of macrophage migration inhibition activity. 76 14


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