Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two siblings, female 10 years old, and male 15 years old, with the diagnosis of vitamin D-dependent rickets were studied. Another sibling, also with the same diagnosis, died of bronchopnemonia at about 7 months of age. Both patients developed rachitic manifestations since the first year of life, which persisted despite the administration of massive doses of vitamin D intermitently. Severe hypocalcemia, moderate hypophosphatemia and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase were the most characteristic biochemical findings. Both patients showed diminished renal tubular reabsorption of amino acids and phosphates. These alterations were reversible during I.V. calcium gluconate administration. The clinical biochemical and X-ray manifestations disappeared completely after one year of treatment with dihydrotaquisterol. Vitamin D-dependent rickets is an autosomal recessive disease, characterized by a hydroxylation defect of 25 hydroxycholecalciferol at the carbon 1 level, due to abscence of 25 hydroxy-D1-hydroxylase. Thus 1-25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol, the active form of vitamin D3 is not formed, resulting in depression of intestinal calcium absorption and reabsorption from the bones.
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PMID:[Hypocalcemic vitamin D-dependent renal rickets]. 18 33

1. Active sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) fluxes were studied in vitro in Ussing-type chambers with stripped jejunal mucosa of piglets which suffered from pseudo-vitamin D deficiency rickets, type I. The piglets are devoid of renal calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3) production and have only small amounts of calbindin in their jejunal enterocytes. 2. In the presence of 0.01 mM-indomethacin non-stimulated short-circuit current (Isc), transepithelial potential difference (PD), tissue conductance (Gt) and unidirectional Na+ (JNa) and Cl- fluxes (JCl) were not affected by the low calcitriol (LC) concentration in plasma. 3. Adding 10 mM-theophylline to the serosal solution in the presence of 0.01 mM-indomethacin caused significantly greater increases in Isc in LC mucosa than in mucosa of vitamin D3-treated and control piglets with normal calcitriol (NC) concentrations in plasma. Omission of indomethacin significantly increased Isc stimulation provoked by theophylline with LC and NC mucosa. The increase, however, was significantly greater with LC than with NC mucosa. 4. Omission of calcium (Ca2+) from the serosal bathing solution significantly depressed Isc stimulation by 10 mM-theophylline in indomethacin-treated LC and NC mucosa. But depression was greater with LC than with NC mucosa. 5. Blocking Ca2+ entry into the cytosol by adding either 0.1 mM-TMB-8 or 0.5 mM-d,l-verapamil to the serosal bathing solution abolished the difference in Isc response to theophylline between indomethacin-treated LC and NC mucosa due to greater depression of Isc in LC than in NC mucosa. 6. The combined effects of theophylline and A23187 on Isc stimulation were calcitriol dependent. In the presence of indomethacin this dependence was only significant when A23187 was given prior to theophylline. In the absence of indomethacin the combined effects of A23187 and theophylline on Isc were always significantly greater in LC than in NC mucosa, irrespective of the order of adding the two agents. 7. Addition of theophylline stimulated net Na+ and Cl- secretion in indomethacin-treated LC and NC mucosa. The increases of net Na+ and Cl- fluxes fully accounted for the rise of Isc with NC mucosa but accounted only partly for the increase in Isc with LC mucosa. This resulted in significant increase in theophylline-stimulated residual ion flux (JR) in LC mucosa which probably resulted from enhanced secretion of bicarbonate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of calcitriol on stimulation of ion transport in pig jejunal mucosa. 184 52

Plain radiographs of forty-two infants with biliary atresia were reviewed to clarify the clinical significance of bone changes after surgery. The same surgical procedures (hepatoportojejunostomy with Suruga II enterostomy or choledochojejunostomy with Suruga II enterostomy) were performed in all cases except one at Juntendo University Hospital during 1977-1983. Bone changes were found in thirty-one patients during the 2 year period after surgery, and generalized osteopenia was the common radiological manifestation. In addition, sixteen patients were revealed to have rickets and/or fractures. The age of development of osteopenia ranged widely, but that of rickets and fractures ranged from 6 months to 2 years. It corresponded well to the age of recovering from physiological depression of bone mineral content in normal infants. Most rickets and fractures developed in association with other complications such as pulmonary infections. They were healed with treatment within 2-3 months after onset. But osteopenia persisted longer in most cases. Compared to cases without bone changes, jaundice was seen more frequently and the prognoses was worse in cases with bone changes. There was no relationship between rickets or fractures and prognosis. Biochemical data at the onset of bone changes included hypoalbuminemia and hypophosphatemia. Hypoalbuminemia, hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia were seen in cases with rickets or fractures. But hypocalcemia was improved with treatment. From these observations, we considered that osteopenia reflected well the patients' general condition and prognosis, but most rickets or fractures which developed due to failure to meet the physiological high demand of calcium, did not play a major role for prognosis of biliary atresia.
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PMID:[Bone changes in congenital biliary atresia--review of 42 cases after surgery]. 233 Feb 87

Large white male turkey poults were fed diets with different levels of vitamins A and D to study the interaction of these vitamins with regard to skeletal development. Poults fed a basal diet deficient in both vitamins A and D developed severe lameness, growth depression, mortality and lesions consistent with rickets. Birds fed a diet containing the required level of vitamin D (900 ICU/kg, NRC estimated requirement) and a high level of vitamin A (400,000 IU/kg) also developed severe lameness, growth depression and a rachiticlike condition, characterized by thicker than normal proximal tibial epiphyseal plates and lower than normal bone mineral content. When fed a diet containing the required level of vitamin A (4,000 IU/kg, NRC estimated requirement) and a high level of vitamin D (900,000 ICU/kg), poults developed hypervitaminosis D as evidenced by mild growth depression and renal tubular mineralization. When poults were fed a diet containing high levels of both vitamins A and D growth rate and bone mineral content were similar to control poults fed a diet containing the required levels of vitamins A and D. In addition, lameness and renal tubular mineralization were not apparent in the poults fed a diet containing high levels of both vitamins A and D. It was concluded that there is an antagonistic interaction between vitamins A and D.
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PMID:The interaction of dietary vitamin A and vitamin D related to skeletal development in the turkey poult. 400

Three experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of supplemental dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol) and a low dietary Ca:P ratio on the occurrence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in 3-week-old broilers. Histopathology was used to diagnose TD. In the first experiment, feeding a diet containing 7.5 g Ca and 7.6 g P/kg gave a higher incidence of TD than a control diet containing normal amounts of Ca and P (12 and 6 g/kg respectively). Increasing the dietary supplement of cholecalciferol in the imbalanced diet prevented rickets but did not decrease the incidence of TD. In the second experiment, supplementing the imbalanced diet with 10 micrograms 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol/kg prevented TD completely but also gave a slight growth depression. In the third experiment the imbalanced diet was supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5 or 10 micrograms 1,25(OH)2 cholecalciferol/kg. The supplement of 2.5 micrograms/kg depressed and the higher supplements prevented the occurrence of TD, this time without a growth depression. Feeding the 10 micrograms/kg supplement for the first week only did not prevent TD. Plasma total Ca, inorganic P and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) were unaffected by diet but 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol was higher on the imbalanced than on the control diet. Supplementation of the imbalanced diet with 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol did not increase plasma levels. It is concluded that 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol is exerting a powerful biological effect in this model of TD, but the mechanism is unclear.
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PMID:The effect of dietary 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in preventing tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers fed on diets imbalanced in calcium and phosphorus. 832 55

Lower-extremity bowing is common in infants and children and can result from a variety of conditions. At radiography, developmental bowing shows varus angulation centered at the knee, "metaphyseal beaking," thickening of the medial tibial cortices, and tilted ankle joints. Tibia vara (Blount disease) demonstrates genu varum and depression of the proximal tibia medially. Congenital bowing manifests as posteromedial bowing with cortical thickening along the concavity of the curvature and, in some cases, diaphyseal broadening. In rickets, radiographic changes occur primarily at sites of rapid growth and are predominantly metaphyseal, with widening of the zone of provisional calcification. Achondroplasia is characterized by shortening and thickening of the long bones with metaphyseal flaring and cupping. In neurofibromatosis, there may be anterolateral bowing of the tibia, and there is often focal narrowing and intramedullary sclerosis or cystic change at the apex of the angulation. The tibia is typically involved at the junction of the middle and distal thirds. Osteogenesis imperfecta demonstrates bowing from softening due to osteoporosis and multiple fractures and typically involves the entire skeleton. In camptomelic dysplasia, lower-extremity bowing is associated with a short trunk, short limbs, and deficiencies in pelvic bone development. Recognition of these pathologic conditions is important for differentiating those that will resolve spontaneously from those that require surgery or other treatment.
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PMID:Radiographic characteristics of lower-extremity bowing in children. 1285 62

Vitamin D, a multipurpose steroid hormone vital to health, has been increasingly implicated in the pathology of cognition and mental illness. Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent among older adults, and several studies suggest an association between hypovitaminosis D and basic and executive cognitive functions, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Vitamin D activates receptors on neurons in regions implicated in the regulation of behavior, stimulates neurotrophin release, and protects the brain by buffering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses against vascular injury and improving metabolic and cardiovascular function. Although additional studies are needed to examine the impact of supplementation on cognition and mood disorders, given the known health benefits of vitamin D, we recommend greater supplementation in older adults.
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PMID:Some new food for thought: the role of vitamin D in the mental health of older adults. 1918 3

An eight year old girl presented with a progressively increasing deformity of the left proximal tibia since last 2 years. She had no history of trauma, fever and swelling of left knee. There were no obvious signs of rickets/muscular dystrophy. She had 25 degrees of tibia vara clinically with lateral thrust and a prominent fibular head. The radiograph of left knee revealed tibia vara with medial beaking and a significant depression of the medial tibial epiphysis and metaphysis. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed significant depression of the medial tibial epiphysis but no bony bar in the physis or fusion of the medical tibial epiphysis. There was a posterior slope in addition to the medial one. She was treated with elevation of the medial tibial hemiplateau with subtuberosity valgus derotation dome osteotomy. She also underwent a lateral proximal tibial hemiphysiodesis (temporary stapling). A prophylactic subcutaneons anterolateral compartment fasciotomy was also performed. All osteotomies united in 2 months. All deformities were corrected and she regained a knee range of 0 to 130 degrees. At final followup (4 years), there was no recurrence of varus deformity, knee was stable, with 1cm of leg length discrepancy. In Langenskiold stage IV tibia vara, elevation of medial tibial plateau, a subtuberosity valgus derotation osteotomy and a concomitant lateral hemiephiphysiodesis has given good results.
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PMID:Infantile tibia vara: treatment of Langenskiold stage IV. 1975 65

Vitamin D receptors have recently been identified in immune cells as well as various parts of the brain. Vitamin D deficiency seems to be involved in the patho-immunological process of multiple sclerosis. Hypovitaminosis D has also been associated with different psychiatric conditions, including depression and schizophrenia. Results from more than 250 publications concluded that patients with both schizophrenia and bipolar condition are more frequently born in winter and spring, the periods which have the largest maternal decline in plasma concentrations of vitamin D.
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PMID:[The effect of vitamin D on neuropsychiatric conditions]. 2054 82

Vitamin D deficiency, which classically manifests as bone disease (either rickets or osteomalacia), is characterized by impaired bone mineralization. More recently, the term vitamin D insufficiency has been used to describe low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D that may be associated with other disease outcomes. Reliance on a single cutoff value to define vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is problematic because of the wide individual variability of the functional effects of vitamin D and interaction with calcium intakes. In adults, vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of fractures and falls. The evidence for other purported beneficial effects of vitamin D is primarily based on observational studies. We selected studies with the strongest level of evidence for clinical decision making related to vitamin D and health outcomes from our personal libraries of the vitamin D literature and from a search of the PubMed database using the term vitamin D in combination with the following terms related to the potential nonskeletal benefits of vitamin D: mortality, cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus, cancer, multiple sclerosis, allergy, asthma, infection, depression, psychiatric, and pain. Conclusive demonstration of these benefits awaits the outcome of controlled clinical trials.
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PMID:Vitamin D insufficiency. 2145 38


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