Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sexual assault, as a crime of violence, induces a life crisis which inflicts major psychological and physiological trauma upon the victim. Lack of mutual consent is present in all sexual assaults. Post-traumatic symptoms occur immediately and for a large percentage of victims this trauma is not integrated for many years. Symptoms include the classic triad of post-traumatic stress symptoms of haunting, intrusive recollections, numbing or constriction of feelings and focus and lowered threshold of anxious arousal subsequent to experiencing intense fear, terror and loss of control. Long term effects include anxiety, depression, phobic reactions to situations reminiscent of the sexual assault, sexual dysfunction, impaired social adjustment and diminished capacity to enjoy life. Post-traumatic stress responses, symptomatology, psychodynamics and management of the victim of recent and nonrecent sexual assault are reviewed.
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PMID:Psychological management of victims of sexual assault. 218 May 47

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and dosage of clomipramine hydrochloride are described, and clinical studies of the use of clomipramine in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), other psychiatric conditions, and chronic pain are reviewed. Clomipramine hydrochloride, a tricyclic antidepressant, is a potent inhibitor of serotonin reuptake and may affect dopaminergic neurotransmission, suppress rapid eye movement sleep, produce changes in electrocardiograms, and elevate plasma prolactin. The drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. Peak plasma concentrations occur three to four hours after a 150-mg oral dose. The mean elimination half-life is 39 hours. Some 66% of a dose is excreted in the urine, the remainder being eliminated in the feces. In clinical trials, clomipramine was significantly more effective than placebo, clorgiline, amitriptyline, imipramine, and doxepin in ameliorating the symptoms of OCD. Initial effects are seen at four weeks; improvement may continue for up to 18 weeks. Clomipramine may also be effective in treating panic attacks, phobias, depression, and chronic pain. The most common adverse effects of clomipramine are anticholinergic; others include nausea, seizures, and sexual difficulties. Interactions between clomipramine and barbiturates, haloperidol, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and cigarette smoking have been documented. The usual initial adult dosage is 25-50 mg/day, titrated gradually to 250 mg/day if necessary. Clomipramine hydrochloride is a welcome new agent for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Although its adverse-effect profile is like that of other tricyclic antidepressants, sexual dysfunction and seizures may be more frequent with this agent and limit its use.
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PMID:Clomipramine: an antiobsessional tricyclic antidepressant. 218 Jun 23

Clinical data from 37 adult males with diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent, n = 22; non-insulin dependent, n = 15) who had undergone psychiatric diagnosis and peripheral nerve conduction studies were reviewed to determine whether psychiatric illness was significantly related to complaints of sexual dysfunction. Main-effects testing revealed that impotence was associated with both neuropathy (P less than 0.01) and psychiatric illness (P less than 0.001). Logistic regression analysis was then used to determine the independent relationships of these two variables with impotence. After controlling for the effects of neuropathy, psychiatric illness (generalized anxiety disorder and depression) remained significantly associated with sexual dysfunction (P less than 0.01). These data allow for the hypothesis that psychiatric illness may be an important contributor to impotence in diabetic men, as it is in nondiabetic men, even when neuropathic complications of the disease are present.
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PMID:Relationship of psychiatric illness to impotence in men with diabetes. 220 27

A double-blind, placebo- and amitriptyline-controlled comparison study was performed to evaluate the antidepressant efficacy of sertraline, a specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. Patients with DSM-III-defined major depression randomly received either sertraline (N = 149), amitriptyline (N = 149), or placebo (N = 150) once daily for the 8-week study period. The mean final daily medication dose for the all-patients group was 145 mg and 104 mg for the sertraline- and amitriptyline-treatment groups, respectively. As measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale, both the sertraline and amitriptyline treatment groups showed a significantly greater improvement from baseline (p less than or equal to .001) than the placebo group. The sertraline group had a higher proportion of gastrointestinal complaints and male sexual dysfunction than either the amitriptyline or the placebo group. The amitriptyline group showed a higher proportion of anticholinergic and sedative side effects and dizziness compared with patients who received either sertraline or placebo.
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PMID:Antidepressant efficacy of sertraline: a double-blind, placebo- and amitriptyline-controlled, multicenter comparison study in outpatients with major depression. 189 91

Sexual functioning was investigated in 50 parkinsonian male and female patients using a questionnaire. A loss of sexual interest and functioning was reported in a high percentage of patients. Depression was not prevalent but 70% had some evidence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction that may be related to sexual dysfunction. It is concluded that the sexual function is frequently impaired in Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Sexual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. 227 26

Pre- and postdexamethasone triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and TSH levels of thirteen patients with psychogenic sexual dysfunction and thirteen controls were studied. Patients showed lowered T4 levels in comparison with the control group whereas T3 and TSH levels did not differ significantly. Dexamethasone had a suppressive effect on TSH in patients and in controls while T3 levels were suppressed in the control group only. Patients scored significantly higher on the Hamilton Depression Scale than controls. These results compared with results obtained in patients recovered from major depression might point to endocrinological as well as clinical interrelations between psychogenic sexual dysfunction and minor depression.
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PMID:Thyroid response to dexamethasone: a study on normal controls and patients with psychogenic sexual dysfunction. 228 80

Clinical impression suggests that many cases of detrusor instability are psychosomatic. We evaluated 63 women with urinary incontinence and 27 continent controls using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Uplift and Hassle Scales, and a structured questionnaire screening sexual dysfunction. All incontinent women underwent diagnostic urodynamic studies including uroflowmetry, subtracted water cystometry with provocation, and urethral closure pressure profilometry. Thirty-five women had genuine stress incontinence and 28 had detrusor instability, including nine with mixed incontinence. No differences in psychological test results were noted between the detrusor-instability and genuine-stress-incontinence groups. On the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, subjects with detrusor instability scored significantly higher than controls on the hypochondriasis (P = .006), depression (P = .01), and hysteria (P = .0009) scales. Compared with continent controls, the detrusor-instability group reported a lower frequency of uplifts (P less than .05) and a greater intensity of hassles (P less than .05). Both incontinent groups reported more sexual dysfunction than did controls. We conclude that many women with urinary incontinence have abnormal psychological and sexual test results reflecting moodiness, feelings of helplessness and sadness, pessimism, general hypochondriasis/somatization, and sexual dysfunction. These abnormalities appear to be associated with urinary incontinence in general rather than with specific diseases of the urinary tract.
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PMID:Psychosexual study of women with detrusor instability. 229 16

Common symptoms account for substantial patient disability and health services utilization. To determine the prevalence of 15 symptoms and the adequacy of therapy, 500 medical outpatients were surveyed. The 410 respondents indicated which symptoms were "major problems" and what therapy, if any, had been helpful. Each symptom was present in at least 10% of patients, with the most prevalent symptoms being fatigue (33%) and back pain (32%). Patients were clustered into three groups: (1) 140 were asymptomatic or monosymptomatic, (2) 135 reported 2 or 3 symptoms, and (3) 135 had 4 or more symptoms. The majority (77%) of these symptoms had been previously reported to a physician. Whereas 80% of patients with pain syndromes and gastrointestinal complaints had obtained some therapeutic benefit, only 39% of the individuals with fatigue, dyspnea, dizziness, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, depression, and anxiety reported any relief. Better therapy is needed for these common outpatient complaints.
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PMID:The prevalence of symptoms in medical outpatients and the adequacy of therapy. 1132 37

We evaluated the sexual function of 41 married men with Parkinson's disease (PD) and its relation to age, severity of PD, and depression. We used a group of 29 married men with arthritis for comparison. Total sexual functioning and categories of desire, arousal, orgasm, and satisfaction did not differ significantly between patients with PD and arthritis. For both PD and arthritis, increased age, severity of illness, and depression were associated with reduced sexual function. These results suggest that sexual dysfunction is common in married men with PD, but no more so than in men with another chronic illness that does not involve the nervous system.
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PMID:Sexual function in married men with Parkinson's disease compared to married men with arthritis. 239 15

Clonazepam is a high-potency benzodiazepine labeled for use as an anticonvulsant. Increasingly, clonazepam has been used in the treatment of a variety of psychiatric disorders. The authors discuss its potential clinical applications, including (1) use as an adjunct to neuroleptics for treating psychosis, (2) management of specific psychotropic side effects, (3) alternative treatment for certain pain syndromes, and (4) a primary treatment for severe agitation, atypical psychosis, and anxiety disorders. Apparent treatment-emergent side effects including depression, disinhibition, and sexual dysfunction are also discussed.
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PMID:Clonazepam: new uses and potential problems. 288 24


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