Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The population of a women's prison (n = 92) was screened for psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, a Recent Stressful Life Events questionnaire and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. High levels of symptoms of psychological distress were recorded. Distress was correlated with recent stressful life events and was more severe in women awaiting trial. Fifty-three per cent of the prisoners were diagnosed as current cases of a psychiatric disorder and the most frequent diagnoses were adjustment disorder with depressed mood and personality disorders. Lifetime prevalence of psychoactive substance use disorders was 54 per cent. Aboriginal women were over-represented in this prison population. A follow-up survey after 4 months showed no fall in the prevalence of psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity.
 ...
PMID:Psychological distress and psychiatric morbidity in women prisoners. 179 16

Fifty-eight consecutive suicides committed between 1984 and 1987 by adolescents and young adults (age 15-29 years) from an urban community were the subject of retrospective investigations through interviews with survivors and analyses of registers and medical records. Psychoactive substance use disorder in accordance with DSM-III-R was present in 47% of the youth suicides investigated, predominantly as alcohol dependence. Substance use disorder often coexisted with a borderline personality disorder or schizophrenia. Secondary depression was a frequent final factor. Dependence had developed in all females and most males. The median duration of substance use was 9 years. Substance use preceded suicidal behaviour by two years. Exposure to parental substance misuse during childhood, early parental divorce and parasuicide in the family were more frequent among subjects with substance use disorder than among other subjects. The social situation was often characterized by unemployment and legal problems. Previous inpatient care was more common than among other subjects.
 ...
PMID:Psychoactive substance use disorder in youth suicide. 208 54

This is a clinical study of failed suicides, in order to contribute to the explanation of completed suicides. 423 suicidal patients were admitted to the emergency critical care unit of a metropolitan municipal hospital during 6 years. The catchment area of the unit is the east four wards of Tokyo. Almost all patients who attempted suicide and four who later on completed suicide were interviewed by consultating psychiatrists. The total number of cases thus investigated was 265. Medical and psychiatric charts were retrospectively evaluated for the study. According to the lethality of respective suicidal methods, the 265 cases were divided to the ABSOLUTELY DANGEROUS GROUP (133 patients) and the RELATIVELY DANGEROUS GROUP (132 patients). The former, except for the few patients who later on died, could be considered as "failed suicides"; 75% of these patients were mentally disordered (psychoses, depressive disorders or psychoactive substance use disorders), whereas in the latter group the respective figure was 48%. The rates of each disorder were different in the age classes: younger (below 30), middle aged (30-49), and older (50 and over). In the younger group, psychoses (F2 cord of ICD-10 draft) were the main cause (52%). By contrast, endogenous major depression was the main cause in the older group (48%). The rate of psychoactive substance use disorders was highest (22%) in the middle aged among the three classes. There were 1562 officially recorded completed suicides in the catchment area during the same 6 years. From the distribution of diagnoses in each of the three age classes of the ABSOLUTELY DANGEROUS GROUP and the distribution of age classes in 1562 completed suicides, the rates of mental disorders amongst the completed suicides were estimated as roughly 26% psychoses, 46% depressive disorders and 18% substance use disorders. The total figure was 90% and quite similar to the results of previous studies by psychological autopsies in the western countries. For an attempt to decrease the rates of suicide, the most important point seems to be the prevention of suicides by the mentally disordered. Depression is most prevalent among elderly suicidal patients. In contrast to previous studies, the author found psychoses most often in younger patients. Psychotic symptoms of schizophrenic and of alcoholic suicidal patients were analysed in detail. None of them nor any other patient could be considered as a "rational suicide" case.
 ...
PMID:[Mental disorder as a risk factor of suicide; a clinical study of failed suicides]. 793 8

The authors examined gender differences in rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders among adolescents with I or more psychoactive substance use disorders. Baseline diagnostic data were obtained from 135 adolescents, ages 12 to 19, and their parents-guardians, who participated in a study to develop and efficacy test Integrated Family and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. Rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder were higher among drug-abusing male adolescents compared with drug-abusing female adolescents. However, high rates of disruptive behavior disorders also characterized drug-abusing female adolescents. Similarly, drug-abusing female adolescents exhibited a higher rate of major depression compared with drug-abusing male adolescents. However, rates of dysthymia, double depression (i.e., major depression and dysthymia), and bipolar disorder were equivalent between genders.
 ...
PMID:Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity among adolescents with substance use disorders. 1223 92

Definitive conclusions on the role of serotonin receptors and transporter in suicide and depression have been elusive in studies of postmortem brain tissue. A number of methodological differences in these studies have made it difficult to reach a consensus, but crucial issues are being identified and incorporated into newer studies. This review will follow the evolution of serotonin receptor and transporter studies in postmortem tissues that initially focused on suicide and gradually incorporated depressive disorders as psychiatric assessments were increasingly performed. Studies in postmortem tissues on the serotonin-1A and serotonin-2A receptors and the serotonin transporter will be reviewed and compared with imaging studies of the same sites in depressed subjects. Critical issues to control in future studies of serotonin receptors in postmortem tissues include variables such as the cause of death (i.e. suicide), the specific psychiatric diagnoses of the subjects, whether the disorder was in remission at the time of death, long-term medication histories, psychoactive substance use disorders, the smoking history, the hemisphere from which tissues were dissected, and the specific cytoarchitectonic region to be evaluated. Carefully controlled studies in postmortem tissues will ensure a greater likelihood of reaching a consensus on the involvement of monoamine measures in the etiology of depression.
 ...
PMID:Involvement of serotonin in depression: evidence from postmortem and imaging studies of serotonin receptors and the serotonin transporter. 1284 29

BACKGROUND: There is emerging evidence that postpartum women are at risk for the development or worsening of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The purpose of this study was to provide data regarding the demographics, phenomenology, associated psychiatric comorbidity, family history, and response to open treatment with fluvoxamine in subjects with postpartum-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHOD: Seven consecutive subjects were recruited from an outpatient obstetrical practice and by advertisement. Subjects completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and a semistructured interview for family history, demographic data, and clinical features. Three of the 7 subjects participated in a 12-week, open-label trial of fluvoxamine treatment of postpartum-onset DSM-IV obsessive-compulsive disorder. RESULTS: The women described a mean age at onset of 28 years, and 4 subjects had a chronic course. Six subjects reported onset after the birth of their first child, and the mean time to onset was 3.7 weeks postpartum. All subjects experienced both obsessions and compulsions and reported aggressive obsessions that involved their children. None of the subjects acted on their obsessions to harm the children, but 5 reported dysfunctional mother-child behavior. All 7 subjects met criteria for at least 1 comorbid psychiatric disorder, with a mood disorder the most common. Family histories were notable for high rates of mood disorders and psychoactive substance use disorders in first-degree relatives. Two of the 3 subjects who entered the open-label trial of fluvoxamine experienced a positive response, defined as a 30% or greater decrease in the total score of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. CONCLUSION: Obsessive-compulsive disorder may present in the postpartum period and become chronic. Symptoms of the disorder may adversely affect the mother-child relationship, and it is important to assess for obsessions and compulsions in postpartum women who present with anxiety and/or depression. Fluvoxamine may be effective in reducing the symptoms of postpartum-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
 ...
PMID:A Case Series of Women With Postpartum-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. 1501 82